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Responses of Nutrients to the Precipitation Variation and Land Use in Subtropical Monsoonal Small Mountainous Rivers:A Case Study of Baixi Watershed

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第2期23卷 383-391页

作者： TIAN Yuan GAO Fei CAO Ke LV Shenghua DUAN Xiaoyong YIN Ping Qingdao institute of marine Geology China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266237China Laboratory for marine Geology Laoshan LaboratoryQingdao 266237China

Small mountainous rivers are characterized by large instantaneous fluxes and susceptible to extreme weather events,which can rapidly transport materials into the sea and have a significant impact on the ecological environment of estuaries and bays.In order to investigate the seasonal characteristics of nutrients in small mountainous rivers in the subtropical monsoon region and the output pattern to the sea during heavy precipitation,surveys on the mountainous rivers were carried out in Baixi watershed in August 2020(wet season),March 2021(dry season)and June 2021(Meiyu period).The results showed that the dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN)of the rivers has an average concentration of 752μg L^(−1)in the wet season and 1472μg L^(−1)in the dry season.The concentrations of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP)in wet season and dry season were 63μg L^(−1)and 51μg L^(−1),respectively.Influenced by the changes of land use in sub-watersheds,DIN concentrations in the mainstream increased from 701μg L^(−1)in the upper reaches to 1284μg L^(−1)in the middle reaches.Two rainstorms during the Meiyu period in the watershed caused the pulse runoff in the river.The maximum daily runoff reached 70 times that before rains.The maximum daily fluxes of DIN and DIP were 109 and 247 times that before rains,respectively.In view that the watershed experienced several rainstorms in the wet season,the river,with pulse runoff,carries a large amount of nutrients into the sea in a short time,which will have a significant impact on the environment of Sanmen bay and its adjacent sea.

关键词： small mountainous river uneven precipitation rainstorm pulse runoff nitrogen and phosphorus

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Deep-large faults controlling on the distribution of the venting gas hydrate system in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 36-50页

作者： Jin-feng Ren Hai-jun Qiu Zeng-gui Kuang Ting-wei Li Yu-lin He Meng-jie Xu Xiao-xue Wang Hong-fei Lai Jin Liang National Engineering Research Center of Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development Guangzhou 511458China Guangzhou marine geological survey China Geological SurveyGuangzhou 511458China China geological survey Ministtry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China

Many locations with concentrated hydrates at vents have confirmed the presence of abundant thermogenic gas in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB).However,the impact of deep structures on gasbearing fluids migration and gas hydrates distribution in tectonically inactive regions is still unclear.In this study,the authors apply high-resolution 3D seismic and logging while drilling(LWD)data from the middle of the QDNB to investigate the influence of deep-large faults on gas chimneys and preferred gasescape pipes.The findings reveal the following:(1)Two significant deep-large faults,F1 and F2,developed on the edge of the Songnan Low Uplift,control the dominant migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons and determine the initial locations of gas chimneys.(2)The formation of gas chimneys is likely related to fault activation and reactivation.Gas chimney 1 is primarily arises from convergent fluid migration resulting from the intersection of the two faults,while the gas chimney 2 benefits from a steeper fault plane and shorter migration distance of fault F2.(3)Most gas-escape pipes are situated near the apex of the two faults.Their reactivations facilitate free gas flow into the GHSZ and contribute to the formation of fracture‐filling hydrates.

关键词： Venting gas hydrates Deep-large faults Gas chimney Gas-escape pipes High-resolution 3D seismic Logging while drilling Qiongdongnan Basin South China Sea

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Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Early Triassic Nianzi Adakitic Granite Unit in the Yanshan Fold and Thrust Belt:New Constraints from U-Pb Geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopes

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 50-66页

作者： ZHANG Huijun WU Chu HE Fubing WANG Biren CUI Yubin LIU Zhenghua YOU Shina DONG Jing Development and Research Center of the China geological survey Beijing 100037China Beijing institute of the geological survey Beijing 100095China institute of Disaster Prevention LangfangHebei 065201China

The Nianzi granite unit,which includes the Nianzi,Xiaolianghou and Xiawopu granitic intrusions,is a significant component of the northern part of the North China Craton(NCC)and is situated in the Yanshan fold and thrust belt(YFTB).However,there is still debate regarding the tectonic evolutionary history of the YFTB during the late Permian to Triassic period,specifically regarding the timing of subduction and collision between the NCC and the Paleo-Asian Ocean.The Nianzi granite unit exhibits unique petrological,geochronological and geochemical signatures that shed light on the tectonic evolutionary history of the YFTB.This study presents detailed petrology,whole-rock geochemistry,together with Sr-Nd isotopic,zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic data of the granites within the Nianzi granite unit.Our findings demonstrate that the granites primarily consist of subhedral K-feldspar,plagioclase,quartz,minor biotite and hornblende,with accessory titanite,apatite,magnetite and zircon.Zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the Xiaolianghou granite was emplaced at 247.5±0.62 Ma.Additionally,the adakitic characteristics of the Nianzi,Xiawopu and Xiaolianghou granitic intrusions,such as high Sr and Ba contents and high ratios of Sr/Y and(La/Yb)N,combined with negative Sr-Nd and Lu-Hf isotopes(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.705681–0.7057433,εNd(t)=−21.98 to−20.97,zirconεHf(t)=−20.26 to−9.92,as well as the I-type granite features of high SiO_(2),Na_(2)O and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratios,enriched Rb,K,Sr and Ba,along with depleted Th,U,Nb,Ta,P and Ti,suggest that the Nianzi granitic unit was mainly derived from the partial melting of a thickened lower crust containing hydrous,calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline,mafic to intermediate metamorphic rocks.In light of these parameters,we further integrate our data with previous studies and conclude that the Nianzi granitic unit was generated in a post-collisional extensional environment during the Early Triassic.

关键词： tectonic evolution zircon geochronology Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes Nianzi granite unit Yanshan fold and thrust belt

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Characteristics of Paleontological Communities in Surface Sediments of the Southern South China Sea and Their Paleoclimatic and Paleoenvironmental Significance

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第1期35卷 144-154页

作者： Jing Zhao Li Zhang Xiaoyan Wang Jinglian Ge Min Xu Wei Chen Mao Luo Qianyong Liang Qiuhua Yu Shuaibing Luo Wenkun Qie Key Laboratory of marine Mineral Resoures Ministry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou Marine Geological SurveyChina Geological SurveyGuangzhou 511458China National Engineering Research Center for Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development Guangzhou 511458China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China

Understanding the spatial and temporal distribution of different paleontological communities in the southern South China Sea(SCS)is fundamental to explore its paleoclimatic and paleoenvironmental changes.In this study,foraminifera,pollen and diatoms from 100 surface sediment samples covering 40000 km^(2) of sea floor in the southern SCS were comprehensively investigated in terms of their assemblage and distribution.The results showed the existence of abundant foraminifera and pollen in most of the samples,although diatom communities were relatively scarce.Foraminifera were dominated by G.sacculifer,G.menardii,G.ruber,while diatoms were characterized by T.simonsenii,T.nitzschioides and T.longissima,indicating a typical tropical marine environment.The pollen assemblages showed a better reflection of montane rainforest,tropical rainforest and mangrove.The spatial differences among foraminifera assemblages may indicate the effect of water depth and a warmer environment in the southeast part of the study area,while the spatial patterns of diatom and pollen assemblages imply the influence of coastal current.Our study also noted that the compositions of paleontological communities in the SCS can vary significantly in a short distance,and synthesized studies on multiple biological groups are needed to reconstruct the Quaternary climate and the oceanographic environment.

关键词： southern South China Sea sediments foraminifera diatom pollen

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Jet Characteristics and Optimization of a Cavitation Nozzle for Hydraulic Fracturing Applications

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第1期20卷 179-192页

作者： Yu Gao Zhenqiang Xu Kaixiang Shen Shenzhen South China Sea Oil Economic Development Co. Ltd.Shenzhen518000China Guangzhou marine geological survey China Geological SurveyGuangzhou511458China National Engineering Research Center of Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development Guangzhou511458China

Hydraulic jetting is a form of fracturing that involves using a high-pressure jet of water to create fractures in the reservoir rock with a nozzle serving as the central component of the hydraulic sandblasting perforation tool.In this study,the flow behavior of the nozzle is simulated numerically in the framework of a SST k-ωturbulence model.The results show that the nozzle structure can significantly influence the jet performance and related cavitation effect.Through orthogonal experiments,the nozzle geometric parameters are optimized,and the following configuration is found accordingly:contraction angle 20°,contraction segment length 6 mm,cylindrical segment diameter 6 mm,cylindrical segment length 12 mm,spread segment length 10 mm,and spread angle 55°.

关键词： Cavitation jet angle nozzle hydraulic characteristics nozzle parameters

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Characterization and spatial analysis of coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake in the Xianshuihe fault zone, Southwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 160-181页

作者： GUO Changbao LI Caihong YANG Zhihua NI Jiawei ZHONG Ning WANG Meng YAN Yiqiu SONG Deguang ZHANG Yanan ZHANG Xianbing WU Ruian CAO Shichao SHAO Weiwei institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and geological Safety Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China Research Center of Neotectonism and Crustal Stability China Geological SurveyBeijing 100081China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Sichuan institute of geological survey Chengdu 610081China

On September 5, 2022, a magnitude Ms 6.8 earthquake occurred along the Moxi fault in the southern part of the Xianshuihe fault zone located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,resulting in severe damage and substantial economic loss. In this study, we established a coseismic landslide database triggered by Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake, which includes 4794 landslides with a total area of 46.79 km^(2). The coseismic landslides primarily consisted of medium and small-sized landslides, characterized by shallow surface sliding. Some exhibited characteristics of high-position initiation resulted in the obstruction or partial obstruction of rivers, leading to the formation of dammed lakes. Our research found that the coseismic landslides were predominantly observed on slopes ranging from 30° to 50°, occurring at between 1000 m and 2500 m, with slope aspects varying from 90° to 180°. Landslides were also highly developed in granitic bodies that had experienced structural fracturing and strong-tomoderate weathering. Coseismic landslides concentrated within a 6 km range on both sides of the Xianshuihe and Daduhe fault zones. The area and number of coseismic landslides exhibited a negative correlation with the distance to fault lines, road networks, and river systems, as they were influenced by fault activity, road excavation, and river erosion. The coseismic landslides were mainly distributed in the southeastern region of the epicenter, exhibiting relatively concentrated patterns within the IX-degree zones such as Moxi Town, Wandong River basin, Detuo Town to Wanggangping Township. Our research findings provide important data on the coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake and reveal the spatial distribution patterns of these landslides. These findings can serve as important references for risk mitigation, reconstruction planning, and regional earthquake disaster research in the earthquake-affected area.

关键词： Luding earthquake Coseismic landslides Remote sensing interpretation Spatial distribution Xianshuihe fault Earthquake fault

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geological conditions and reservoir characteristics of various shales in major shalehosted regions of China

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 138-149页

作者： Shu-jing Bao Tian-xu Guo Jin-tao Yin Wei-bin Liu Sheng-jian Wang Hao-han Li Zhi Zhou Shi-zhen Li Xiang-lin Chen The Key Laboratory of Unconventional Petroleum Geology China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural Resources100083 BeijingChina Oil and Gas survey China Geological Survey100083 BeijingChina Research institute of Yanchang Petroleum(Group)CO.LTD 710076 Xi’anChina

China is home to shales of three facies:marine shale,continental shale,and marine-continental transitional shale.Different types of shale gas are associated with significantly different formation conditions and major controlling factors.This study compared the geological characteristics of various shales and analyzed the influences of different parameters on the formation and accumulation of shale gas.In general,shales in China’s several regions exhibit high total organic carbon(TOC)contents,which lays a sound material basis for shale gas generation.marine strata generally show high degrees of thermal evolution.In contrast,continental shales manifest low degrees of thermal evolution,necessitating focusing on areas with relatively high degrees of thermal evolution in the process of shale gas surveys for these shales.The shales of the Wufeng and Silurian formations constitute the most favorable shale gas reservoirs since they exhibit the highest porosity among the three types of shales.These shales are followed by those in the Niutitang and Longtan formations.In contrast,the shales of the Doushantuo,Yanchang,and Qingshankou formations manifest low porosities.Furthermore,the shales of the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations exhibit high brittle mineral contents.Despite a low siliceous mineral content,the shales of the Doushantuo Formation feature a high carbonate mineral content,which can increase the shales’brittleness to some extent.For marine-continental transitional shales,where thin interbeds of tight sandstone with unequal thicknesses are generally found,it is recommended that fracturing combined with drainage of multiple sets of lithologic strata should be employed to enhance their shale gas production.

关键词： Shale gas marine shale Continental shale marine-continental transitional shale Neoproterozoic-Cretaceous strata geological conditions Reservoir characteristics Petroleum geological survey engineering

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Timing and Tectonic Setting of the Gaoaobei TungstenMolybdenum Deposit in Nanling Range, South China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 890-904页

作者： Jianfeng Li Kemeng Ma Youyue Lu Jianming Fu Shunbo Cheng Yuan Li Chuanbiao Li College of Geographical Science Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029China Wuhan Center of geological survey China Geological SurveyWuhan 430205China Granite Diagenesis and Mineralization Geology Research Center China Geological SurveyWuhan 430205China Mineral Resources survey institute of Hunan Province Changsha 410083China

The Gaoaobei tungsten-molybdenum deposit is a newly discovered large-scale quartzvein-type deposit in the Nanling metallogenic belt in South China.The ore bodies are hosted in the Indosinian granites and the Cambrian Xiangnan Group slates and are controlled by NWW-oriented faults,which are obviously different from the“five-story building”model in southern Jiangxi Province.The magmatic rocks in the study area are dominated by medium-to coarse-grained biotite monzogranite,with a few NW-oriented fine-grained granite dykes.The medium-to coarse-grained biotite monzogranite and fine-grained granite dykes have zircon U-Pb ages of 229.4±1.9 Ma(MSWD=1.5)and 164.9±3.3 Ma(MSWD=0.75),respectively,corresponding to the Indosinian and Yanshanian magmatism.The monzogranites have higher contents of FeO,CaO,K2O,P2O5,and TiO2,while the granite dykes have slightly higher contents of SiO2,Al2O3,MnO,and Na2O.Their A/CNK values are 1.11-1.75 and 1.19-2.25,and the contents of CIPW normative corundum are 1.71%-6.66%and 2.41%-9.50%,suggesting both the monzogranites and granite dykes are S-type granite.The total amount of rare earth elements in the monzogranites(from 84.7 ppm to 129 ppm)is slightly lower than that in the granite dykes(from 128 ppm to 133 ppm).The Eu/Eu*values range from 0.12 to 0.30 in monzogranites and from 0.0011 to 0.0013 in granite dykes,indicating the fine-grained granites underwent more intense fractional crystallization.The monzogranite and granite dykes have high 87Sr/86Sri values of 0.7169-0.7193 and 0.72825-0.72880,lowεNd(t)values ranging from-10.2 to-9.6 and from-11.5 to-11.4,and TDM2 ages of 1835-1785 and 1957-1946 Ma,respectively.These isotope data indicate their origin from the remelting of the Paleoproterozoic crustal materials.Combined with regional geology,it is concluded that the medium-to coarse-grained biotite monzogranite was formed in a post-collisional extensional environment.In addition,40Ar-39Ar dating of the greisen type tungsten-molybdenum ore gave consistent plateau age of 164.0±1.2 Ma,isochrona

关键词： zircon U-Pb age 40Ar-39Ar age geochemistry tungsten molybdenum deposit Gaoaobei Nanling Range.

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Quaternary integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 1360-1394页

作者： Yong WANG Mianping ZHENG Yuan LING Shuyuan XIANG Zhaogang SHAO Kexin ZHANG Xue KE Xiao LIN Fang HAN Jian’en HAN institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Chinese Academy of geological Sciences Beijing 100037China institute of geological survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Earth Sciences East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China

The Quaternary strata on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau contain rich information about the paleoclimate and environmental evolution,record the evolution process of the Quaternary regional tectonics,paleogeography,and geomorphology of the plateau,and are extremely important areas for studying the Quaternary geological events and regional environmental evolution.According to a comprehensive analysis of the regional stratigraphic data and the development and evolution characteristics of the biota,based on the differences in the lithostratigraphic units,sedimentary characteristics,landforms,and drainage systems,the Quaternary strata on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas are divided into five stratigraphic regions:the Tarim region,Loess Plateau region,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region,Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region,and India-Ganges region.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau stratigraphic region is divided into seven stratigraphic sub-regions:the West Kunlun-Karakorum,AltunQilian Mountains,Qaidam-Hehuang,East Kunlun-Bayan Har,Qiangtang,East Xizang-West Yunnan-West Sichuan,and Gangdise-Himalayan sub-regions.This paper briefly describes the lithostratigraphic units of the seven stratigraphic sub-regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.According to the lithostratigraphic sequence and its sedimentary characteristics,stratigraphic contact relationship,formation age,and evolution of the biota in each stratigraphic sub-region,the Quaternary tectonic paleogeographic evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is divided into four stages.(1)The inherited differential uplift stage since the Pliocene(2.6-1.8/1.5 Ma):the regional sedimentary differences were significant,and the stratigraphic distribution was limited,the alluvial-proluvial sandy conglomerate was widely developed along the piedmont,and fluvial and lacustrine deposits were developed in the low-lying areas between the mountains.(2)The mountain range flattening stage(1.8/1.5-1.2/0.8 Ma):the erosion unconformity surfaces around the plateau were widely distributed,large rivers were

关键词： Quaternary stratigraphic sedimentary

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Genesis of the Nuri Cu-W-Mo Deposit,Tibet,China:Constraints from in situ Trace Elements and Sr Isotopic Analysis of Scheelite

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 117-131页

作者： WANG Yiyun WU Zhishan CHEN Wenqing DU Qing’an TANG Liwei SHI Hongzhao MA Guotao ZHANG Zhi LIANG Wei WU Bo MIAO Hengyi Chengdu Center China Geological Survey(Geoscience Innovation Center of Southwest China)Chengdu 610081China The Second geological institute of China’s Metallurgical Geology Bureau Fuzhou 351111China

The Nuri deposit is the only Cu-W-Mo polymetallic deposit with large-scale WO3 resources in the eastern section of the Gangdese metallogenic belt,Tibet,China.However,the genetic type of this deposit has been controversial since its discovery.Based on a study of the geological characteristics of the deposit,this study presents mineralization stages,focusing on the oxide stage and the quartz-sulfide stage where scheelite is mainly formed,referred to as Sch-A and Sch-B,respectively.Through LA-ICP-MS trace element and Sr isotope analyses,the origin,evolutionary process of the oreforming fluid and genesis of the ore deposit are investigated.Scanning Electron Microscope-Cathodoluminescence(SEMCL)observations reveal that Sch-A consists of three generations,with dark gray homogenous Sch-A1 being replaced by relatively lighter and homogeneous Sch-A2 and Sch-A3,with Sch-A2 displaying a gray CL image color with vague and uneven growth bands and Sch-A3 has a light gray CL image color with hardly any growth band.In contrast,Sch-B exhibits a‘core-rim’structure,with the core part(Sch-B1)being dark gray and displaying a uniform growth band,while the rim part(Sch-B2)is light gray and homogeneous.The normalized distribution pattern of rare earth elements in scheelite and Sr isotope data suggest that the early ore-forming fluid in the Nuri deposit originated from granodiorite porphyry and,later on,some country rock material was mixed in,due to strong water-rock interaction.Combining the O-H isotope data further indicates that the ore-forming fluid in the Nuri deposit originated from magmatic-hydrothermal sources,with contributions from metamorphic water caused by water-rock interaction during the mineralization process,as well as later meteoric water.The intense water-rock interaction likely played a crucial role in the precipitation of scheelite,leading to varying Eu anomalies in different generations of scheelite from the oxide stage to the quartz-sulfide stage,while also causing a gradual decrease in oxygen fugacity(fO2)and a sl

关键词： trace elements in situ Sr isotopes tungsten mineralization Gangdese metallogenic belt Tibet

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