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Reactions of Maruca Resistant Transgenic Cowpea to Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus

Agricultural Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 742-753页

作者： Mounyratou Rabo Moustapha Ouédraogo Orokia Coulibaly Assita Traoré-Barro Salimata Traoré Teyioue Benoit Joseph Batieno Chantal Kaboré-Zoungrana Aboubacar Toguyeni Oumar Traoré Laboratoire National de Bioscurit Agence Nationale de Bioscurit (ANB) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Institut de lEnvironnement et recherches Agricoles Dpartement Productions Vgtales Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire detudes et de recherches sur les Ressources Naturelles et les Sciences de lEnvironnement (LERNSE) Universit Nazi BONI Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Gntique et Amlioration des Plantes (LAGAMEP) Institut de lEnvironnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Protection et Dfense des Cultures (LAPROdeC) Institut de lEnvironnement et Recherches Agricoles Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. [Walp.]) in one of the main grain legumes contributing to food security and poverty alleviation in Sub-Saharan Africa. To control the highly damaging legume pod borer Maruca vitrata F., transgenic cowpea lines expressing the insecticidal Cry1Ab Bt protein were developed. In this study, we evaluated the impact of Cry1Ab transgene expression on the susceptibility of four cowpea lines (named IT97K-T, IT98K-T, Gourgou-T and Nafi-T) and their respective non-transgenic near isogenic lines (IT97K, IT98K, Gourgou and Nafi) to Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in greenhouse conditions. In a preliminary quality control test by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the presence of Cry1Ab protein in transgenic seed lots ranged from 59% to 72%, with no significant differences among the lines (χ2 = 3.26;p = 0.35). Upon virus inoculation, all cowpea lines exhibited mosaic symptoms with similar severity between 7- and 11-day post-inoculation. No significant differences were observed in symptom severity. Significant differences were found between cowpea lines for time of symptom onset, virus accumulation in plants and days to 50% flowering. However, while comparing pairs of transgenic lines and corresponding non-transgenic lines, virus accumulation showed not significant differences whatever the pair. Time of symptom onset and days to 50% flowering did not also differ significantly between pairs of cowpea lines except Nafi/Nafi-T in which transgenic Nafi-T showed earlier symptoms (7.4 ± 0.7 vs. 8.9 ± 0.8 days post-inoculation) and shorter flowering time (37.3 ± 0.6 vs. 42 ± 1.7 days after sowing). Overall, these findings improve our understanding of the effects of Cry1Ab gene mediated genetic modification on cowpea infection by Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus, with potential implications for environmental safety assessment.

关键词： Cowpea Cry1Ab Cowpea Aphid-Borne Mosaic Virus Environmental Safety

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Feeding Practices and Use of Lysine and Methionine in Pigrationing on Intensified Pig Breeding in the West Center and Hauts Bassins Regions of Burkina Faso

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2024年第1期14卷 23-38页

作者： Isidor Zangbéwindin Ouedraogo Timbilfou Kiendrebeogo Aboubacar Toguyeni Chantal Yvette Kabore-Zoungrana Laboratoire d’Etudes et de recherches sur les Ressources Naturelles et les Sciences de l’Environnement (LERNSE) Universit&#233 Nazi Boni Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire de Recherche et d’Etudes en Production et Santé Animales (LAREPSA) D&#233partement Productions Animales (DPA) l’Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Station de Farako-B&#226 Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Laboratoire Central d’Horticulture (LCH) Station de Recherche de Farako-B&#226 Institut de l’Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles (INERA) Bobo-Dioulasso Burkina Faso Ministère de l’Agriculture des Ressources Animales et Halieutiques (MARAH) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

The aim of the study was to assess feeding practices and the use of lysine and methionine in pig rationing on intensified and semi-intensive pig breeding in the Koudougou and Bobo-Dioulasso areas. To this end, a cross-sectional survey was carried out on 87 breeding in these towns. A Discriminant Factorial Analysis (DFA) confirming a k-means classification of the data collected was used to retain 71 breeding divided into three breeding classes: Class A (32.4% of breeding), Class B (14.08%) and Class C (53.52%). The results show that the majority of pig breeders were men between the ages of 36 and 59. Average herd sizes were 35 ± 28;79 ± 42 and 89 ± 21 pigs for Classes A, B and C respectively. The main breeds of pig found on the breeding were crossbred, Large white, local, Landrace and Duroc. Class A (26.1%), B (30%) and C (15.8%) breeders were familiar with both lysine and methionine. Class A breeders distributed feed staggered (65.2%) and in rations (34.8%). Lysine (13%) and methionine (8.7%) were purchased at 5250 FCFA/kg. Those in class B distributed feed staggered (50%) and in the form of rations (50%), in which they incorporated lysine (30%) and methionine (30%) purchased at a cost of 2500 FCFA/kg and 3000 FCFA/kg respectively. Rationing and staggered feeding were practiced by 23.7% and 76.3% of Class C breeders respectively. Only lysine purchased at 3400 FCFA/kg was incorporated into rations by 10.5% of breeders. The high cost of lysine and methionine was incriminated by Class A (100%), B (33.3%) and C (50%) breeders. In conclusion, intensive pig breeding, the practice of rationing and the incorporation of the amino acids lysine and methionine are of ascending importance from classes C, A to B. The high cost of feedstuffs, particularly lysine and methionine, compromises their use in rations, which could have a negative impact on expected breeding performance. The screening and use of feeds rich in and/or enriched with these amino acids, through the development

关键词： Feeding Practices Lysine Methionine Intensive Pig Breeding Burkina Faso

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Educated consumers don't believe artificial meat is the solution to the problems with the meat industry

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 273-284页

作者： Aurélie Hocquette Carla Lambert Clémentine Sinquin Laure Peterolff Zoé Wagner Sarah P F Bonny André Lebert Jean-Franois Hocquette France Business School (FBS) 4 Boulevard Trudaine Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1 63037 France Clermont Université Polytech 24 avenue des Landais Aubière Cedex 61177 France School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University Murdoch W.A. 6150 Australia INRA UMR1213 Recherches sur les Herbivores Saint-Genès Champanelle F-63122 France Clermont Université Vet Agro Sup UMR1213 Recherches sur les Herbivores Saint Genès Champanelle F-63122 France

The production of in vitro meat by cell culture has been suggested by some scientists as one solution to address the major challenges facing our society. Firstly, consumers would like the meat industry to reduce potential discomfort of animals on modern farms, or even to avoid killing animals to eat them. Secondly, citizens would like meat producers to reduce potential environmental deterioration by livestock and finally, there is a need to reduce world hunger by increasing protein resources while the global population is predicted to grow rapidly. According to its promoters, artificial meat has a potential to make eating animals unnecessary, to reduce carbon footprint of meat production and to satisfy all the nutritional needs and desires of consumers and citizens. To check these assumptions, a total of 817 educated people（mainly scientists and students） were interviewed worldwide by internet in addition to 865 French educated people. We also interviewed 208 persons（mainly scientists） after an oral presentation regarding artificial meat. Results of the three surveys were similar, but differed between males and females. More than half of the respondents believed that ＂artificial meat＂ was feasible and realistic. However, there was no majority to think that artificial meat will be healthy and tasty, except respondents who were in favour of artificial meat. A large majority of the respondents believed that the meat industry is facing important problems related to the protection of the environment, animal welfare or inefficient meat production to feed humanity. However, respondents did not believe that artificial meat will be the solution to solve the mentioned problems with the meat industry, especially respondents who were against artificial meat. The vast majority of consumers wished to continue to eat meat even they would accept to consume less meat in a context of increasing food needs. Only a minority of respondents（from 5 to 11%） would recommend or accept to eat

关键词： meat production artificial meat consumers' responses

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Characterization and Application of the Makoua Clay in the Chemical and Bacteriological depollution of Gutter and Well Waters of Brazzaville

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2021年第6期12卷 263-275页

作者： Ferland Ngoro-Elenga Atipo Itoua Ngopoh Hilaire Elenga Jean-Romuald Mambou Jude Novelgi Ngakosso Ngolo Timothée Nsongo Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo groupe de recherches sur les Propriétés Physico-chimiques et Minéralogiques des Matériaux Université Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Centre de recherches Géologiques et Minières Brazzaville Congo

In this work, the authors made aquatic filters according to the formulation “clay stabilized at 4% of cement mixed with 4% of kambala sawdust and 10% of white sand” then heated to 1050°C to decontaminate the waters of gutters and wells. The authors carried out geotechnical, geochemical, thermal, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy that analyzed the clay material. Geotechnical analyzes have shown that this material is made up of 22% thin sand, 22% of silt, and 56% of clay with 26 plasticity index. The geochemical analysis showed the presence of trace elements shared out as follows: 3% of alkaline metals, 24% of alkaline earth metals, 46% of transition metals, 10% of metal, 16% of lanthanides, 1% of actinides. The most abundant trace elements are barium (19%), vanadium (12%), chromium (11%) and zinc (9%). The thermal and microscopic analyzes revealed the kaolinitic nature of materials. The chemical depollution studies have shown elimination yields of 50% - 52.38% of sulphates;77.33% - 85.19% of phosphates;34.85% - 88.49% nitrates;91.3 - 100 of sulphides;The removal of bacteriological pollution are 92.8% - 98% of total germs;94% - 97% of total coliform and 95% - 98% of E. coli.

关键词： Clay Characterization Chemical depollution Bacteriological depollution Gutter and Well Water Makoua

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The Evolution of Pore Water Pressure in a Saturated Soil Layer between Two Draining Zones by Analytical and Numerical Methods

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2015年第4期5卷 390-398页

作者： Abib Tall Cheikh Mbow Daouda Sangaré Mapathé Ndiaye Papa Sanou Faye Laboratoire de Mé canique et Modé lisation UFR Sciences de l’Ing&eacute nieur Univer-sit&eacute de Thiè s Thi&egrave s S&eacute né gal groupe de recherches sur les dynamiques des systè mes et la Mé canique des Fluides Fac-ult&eacute des Sciences et Techniques Universit&eacute Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar S&eacute né gal Laboratoire d’Analyse Numé rique et d’Informatique UFR Sciences Appliqu&eacute es et Technologie Universit&eacute

The building of the infrastructure on the compressible and saturated soils presents sometimes major difficulties. The infrastructure undergoes strong settlement that can be due to several phenomena of consolidation of the soils. The latter results from the dissipation of the excess pore pressure and deformation of the solid skeleton. Terzaghi theory led to the equation modeling the dissipation of excess pore pressure. The objective of this study is to establish solutions, by analytical and numerical method, of the equation of the pore water pressure. We considered a compressible saturated soil layer, between two drainage areas and subjected to a uniform load. Separation of variables is used to obtain an analytical solution and the finite element method for the numerical solution. The results obtained by the finite element method have validated those of analytical resolution.

关键词： Pore Water Pressure Primary Consolidation Saturated Soil Separated Variables Finite Element

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Lignocellulosic Micro and Nanofibrillated Cellulose Produced by Steam Explosion for Wood Adhesive Formulations

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2022年第2期10卷 263-271页

作者： Saad Nader Felipe Guzman Raphael Becar Cesar Segovia Cecilia Fuentealba Miguel Peirera Evelyne Mauret Nicolas Brosse Laboratoire d’Etude et de recherches sur le Materiau Bois-Green Process For Wood(LERMaB-GP4W) Facultedes Sciences et TechnologiesUniversitede LorraineVandœuvre-les-NancyFrance Laboratoire de Genie des Procedes Papetiers(LGP2) Saint Martin D’HèresFrance Unidad de desarrollo Tecnologico(UDT) Universidad de ConcepcionCoronelChile Centre d’Essais TEchnique LORrain(CETELOR) EpinalFrance

The reinforcing impact of Lignocellulosic micro and nanofibrillated cellulose(L-MNFCs)obtained from Eucalyp-tus Globulus bark in Urea-Formaldehyde UF adhesive was tested.L-MNFCs were prepared by an environmentally friendly,low-cost process using a combination process involving steam explosion followed by refining and ultra-fine *** L-MNFCs showed a web-like morphology with some aggregates and lignin *** present a mixture of residual fibers and fine elements with a width varying between 5 nm to 20μm,*** effects of the addition of low amounts of L-MNFCs(1%wt.)on the properties of three different adhe-sives(Urea-Formaldehyde UF,Phenol-Formaldehyde PF,and Tannin-Hexamine TH)were studied by the evolution of the pH,the viscosity,and the mechanical *** showed that the viscosity of PF and UF adhesives increased with the addition of L-MNFCs,unlike ***,the addition led to better mechan-ical behavior for the three *** were then prepared using modified UF with L-MNFCs and *** showed that an amount of 1%*** L-MNFCs was sufficient to increase the internal bonding by≈67%,the modulus of elasticity by≈43%,and the modulus of rupture by≈29%.

关键词： Lignocellulosic microfibrils Eucalyptus globulus bark wood adhesives steam explosion wood panels

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HVOF喷涂成形纳米晶FeAl厚涂层的结构和热稳定性

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金属学报 2005年第6期41卷 561-567页

作者：嵇罡高泰瑞郝胜智廖汉林董闯 Laboratoire d'Etudes et de recherches sur les Matériaux les Procédés et les surfaces EA 3316Université de Technologie de Belfort-MontbéliardSite de Sevenans90010 Belfort CedexPrance Laboratoire de Métallurgie Physique et Génie des MatériauxUMR CNRS 8517Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille et Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de LilleCité Scien-tifique59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq CedexPrance Laboratoire d'Etude des Textures et Application aux Matériaux UMR CNRS 7078 Université de MetzIle du Saulcy57045 Metz Cedex 01France 大连理工大学三束材料改性国家重点实验室 Laboratoire d'Etudes et de recherches sur les Matériaux les Procédés et les surfaces EA 3316Université de Technologie de Belfort-MontbéliardSite de Sevenans90010 Belfort CedexFrance

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)成形工艺喷涂球磨粉末,成功制备了纳米晶FeAl厚涂层(5mm).分别利用SEM、图像分析、TEM以及Vickers硬度表征了该涂层的微观结构,并与用相同的喷涂参数和原料粉末制备的纳米晶薄涂层(300μm)进行了比较,研究了不... 详细信息

采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)成形工艺喷涂球磨粉末,成功制备了纳米晶FeAl厚涂层(5mm).分别利用SEM、图像分析、TEM以及Vickers硬度表征了该涂层的微观结构,并与用相同的喷涂参数和原料粉末制备的纳米晶薄涂层(300μm)进行了比较,研究了不同的喷涂条件对涂层的结构及其硬度的影响.同时,探讨了厚涂层的热稳定性.结果表明,由于涂层中较好地保留了未融粒子中的纳米晶,从而在600℃仍能保持原有的高硬度.

关键词： FeAl合金,纳米晶厚涂层喷涂成形超音速火焰喷涂

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热喷涂FeAl涂层中纳米晶结构的XRD分析

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金属学报 2005年第10期41卷 1013-1019页

作者：嵇罡 T.Grosdidier 高泰瑞 A.Tidu 邹建新董闯 Laboratoire d' Etudes et de recherches sur les Matériaux les Procédés et les Surfaces EA 3316 Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbéliard Site de Sevenans Laboratoire d' Etude des Textures et Application aux Matériaux Laboratoire d'Etude des Textures et Application aux Matériaux 大连理工大学三束材料改性国家重点实验室大连116024

利用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)和大气等离子喷涂(APS)工艺分别喷涂了雾化(微米结构的)以及球磨(纳米结构的)Fe-Al粉末制备了不同结构的涂层.两种原料粉末和喷涂工艺均引起涂层的XRD峰异常宽化.由宽化峰给出的晶粒尺寸与TEM测出的晶粒尺寸有... 详细信息

利用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)和大气等离子喷涂(APS)工艺分别喷涂了雾化(微米结构的)以及球磨(纳米结构的)Fe-Al粉末制备了不同结构的涂层.两种原料粉末和喷涂工艺均引起涂层的XRD峰异常宽化.由宽化峰给出的晶粒尺寸与TEM测出的晶粒尺寸有较大的差异.结合SEM、电子探针以及TEM的测试结果,同时考虑到涂层中形成的结构缺陷以及化学成分的不均匀性,证实异常宽化来自喷涂过程中由于Al的耗损导致的FeAl相中Al的成分不均匀分布.

关键词： FleAl基涂层热喷涂纳米晶结构 X射线衍射

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Thermochemical Characterization of Casamance Biomass Residues for Production of Combustibles Briquettes

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2019年第3期9卷 170-181页

作者： Mamadou S. Ba Lat G. Ndiaye Issakha Youm Laboratoire de Chimie et de Physique des Matériaux Université Assane Seck Ziguinchor Sénégal Centre d’études et de recherches sur les énergies renouvelables de Dakar Hann Bel-Air Dakar Sénégal

The development of alternatives energies illustrates the common interest of all countries in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change. Thermochemical treatment of municipal solid waste, agricultural and forestry wastes is a major challenge for this XXIst century to replace petroleum fuels. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) makes it possible to elucidate the thermal behavior of Casamance (Senegal) biomass residues, mass losses and decomposition rate, under inert (N2) atmosphere and oxidizing (O2) atmosphere. Carbonization and briquetting techniques of these various residues encountered in this part of Senegal country, by densification in order to produce fuel briquettes (call biochars) will be used to improve stoves for cooking. Samples used in this study are peanuts shells (PNS), cashew nut shells (CNS), palm nut shells (PLS) and millet stems (MS). Elemental and approximate analyses make it possible to determine the CHNSO* composition, volatile matter, fixed carbon and ashes content of the samples used. Higher heating values (HHV) of the former residues are ranging from 28.60 MJ·kg-1, 26.51 MJ·kg-1, 29.69 MJ·kg-1 and 24.93 MJ·kg-1 respectively. The chars are obtained by slow pyrolysis with a heating rate of 5°C·min-1 from ambient temperature up to 800°C under inert atmosphere. The morphology of the samples is different for the four biomasses studied, from biomass in the form of wood fibers to a more compact biomass. The parietal composition of different samples presented was determined by Van Soest method using neutral detergents (NDS), acid detergent (ADS) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 72%);to solubilize successively extractable, hemicellulose and cellulose respectively;lignin was obtained by balance (Table 2). The samples show a high level of cellulose, this pseudo-component is very rich in carbon directly linked to the calorific value, whose values vary from 32.35%;24.20%;34.94% and 39.67% for PNS, PLS,

关键词： Co-Products Carbonization Biochar NDS ADS and TGA

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Quality Assessment of Transcriptome Data Using Intrinsic Statistical Properties

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2010年第1期8卷 57-71页

作者： Guillaume Brysbaert Franois-Xavier Pellay Sebastian Noth Arndt Benecke Institut des Hautes études Scientifiques & Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire(CNRS USR3078 Université de Lille1)91440 Bures-sur-YvetteFrance

In view of potential application to biomedical diagnosis, tight transcriptome data quality control is compulsory. Usually, quality control is achieved using labeling and hybridization controls added at different stages throughout the processing of the biologic RNA samples. These control measures, however, only reflect the performance of the individual technical manipulations during the entire process and have no bearing as to the continued integrity of the RNA sample itself. Here we demonstrate that intrinsic statistical properties of the resulting transcriptome data signal and signal-variance distributions and their invariance can be identified independently of the animal species studied and the labeling protocol used. From these invariant properties we have developed a data model, the pa- rameters of which can be estimatei：l from individual experiments and used to compute relative quality measures based on similarity with large reference datasets. These quality measures add supplementary, non-redundant in- formation to standard quality control estimates based on spike-in and hybridization controls, and are exploitable in data analysis. A software application for analyzing datasets as well as a reference dataset for AB 1700 arrays are provided. They should allow AB 1700 users to easily integrate this method into their analysis pipeline, and might instigate similar developments for other transcriptome platforms.

关键词： transcriptome microarray quality control distribution properties statistics software

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