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Complex Mutation and Weak Selection together Determined the Codon Usage Bias in Bryophyte Mitochondrial Genomes

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第12期52卷 1100-1108页

作者： Bin Wang Jing Liu Liang Jin Xue-Ying Feng Jian-Qun Chen State Key Laboratory of pharmaceutical biotechnology Department of Biology Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China

Mutation and selection are two major forces causing codon usage biases. How these two forces influence the codon usages in green plant mitochondrial genomes has not been well investigated. In the present study, we surveyed five bryophyte mitochondrial genomes to reveal their codon usage patterns as well as the determining forces. Three interesting findings were made. First, comparing to Chara vulgaris, an algal species sister to all extant land plants, bryophytes have more G, C-ending codon usages in their mitochondrial genes. This is consistent with the generally higher genomic GC content in bryophyte mitochondria, suggesting an increased mutational pressure toward GC. Second, as indicated by Wright＇s Nc-GC3s plot, mutation, not selection, is the major force affecting codon usages of bryophyte mitochondrial genes. However, the real mutational dynamics seem very complex. Context-dependent analysis indicated that nucleotide at the 2nd codon position would slightly affect synonymous codon choices. Finally, in bryophyte mitochondria, tRNA genes would apply a weak selection force to fine-tune the synonymous codon frequencies, as revealed by data of Ser4-Pro-Thr-Val families. In summary, complex mutation and weak selection together determined the codon usages in bryophyte mitochondrial genomes.

关键词： PLANT mutation PLANT genomes BRYOPHYTES MITOCHONDRIA CHARA vulgaris NATURAL selection GENETIC code MITOCHONDRIAL DNA

The production of biobased diamines from renewable carbon sources: Current advances and perspectives

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第2期34卷 4-13页

作者： Xin Wang Siyuan Gao Jing Wang Sheng Xu Hui Li Kequan Chen Pingkai Ouyang State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816JiangsuChina Zhejiang Zhongshan Chemical Industry group Co.Ltd Huzhou 313100Chin

Bio-based diamines are considered to be a promising alternative to traditional fossil-fuel-based diamines,the important platform chemical for the synthesis of polymer *** this review,the current status of the art of the synthesis of aliphatic and aromatic diamines from renewable biomass are *** the case of aliphatic diamines,we describe strategies for biologically producing diamines with different carbon numbers including 1,3-diaminopropane,1,4-butanediamine,1,5-pentanediamine,1,6-diaminohexane,1,8-diaminooctane,1,10-diaminodecane,and 1,*** addition,aromatic diamines produced from various kinds of renewable biomass,including lignin,cashew nut shell,and terpenoids,are reviewed ***,the application of typical diamines in synthesis of polyurethane and polyamide are also reviewed.

关键词： Aliphatic diamines Aromatic diamines Polyamide Polyurethane

Safety and in Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Ficus umbellata (Vahl.) Leaves

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第3期12卷 94-112页

作者： Atchadé Pascal Tchogou Steven Amour Pyus Tanguy Vignon Chokki Gbèssohèlè Justin Behanzin Tétédé Rodrigue Christian Konfo Perside Savoeda Félicienne Agbogba Léocardie Akpoli Lamine Baba-Moussa Maximin Senou Alphonse Sezan Experimental and Clinical Biology Unit (UBEC) Biotechnology Research Laboratory Medical and Pharmaceutical (LaRBiMeP) Na-tional School of Biosciences and Biotechnology of Dassa-Zoumé (ENSBBA) National University of Science Technology and Engi-neering of Abomey (UNSTIM) Dassa-Zoumé Benin Laboratory of Pharmacology and Improved Traditional Medicines (LPMTA) Faculty of Science and Technology (FAST) University of Abomey-Calavi (UAC) Abomey-Calavi Benin National University of Agriculture (UNA) Schools of Science and Techniques for Preservation and Processing of Agricultural Prod-ucts (ESTCTPA) Sakété Benin Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Faculty of Science and Technology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin

Toxicity is the totality of adverse effects, which can be functional and morphological lesions in a living organism, caused by a substance introduced in relatively high single doses or in small, repeated doses. The aim of this study was to assess the OECD-recommended acute oral toxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Ficus umbellata leaves. Animals were given a single oral dose of 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/Kg body weight (BW) of the extract. For the anti-inflammatory activity test, rats were given the ethanolic extract of F. umbellata leaves at doses of 100, 300 and 500 mg/Kg or aspirin® at a concentration of 100 mg/Kg PC orally, one hour before injection of 0.05 ml of 1% formalin under the plantar fascia of the rat’s right hind paw. Paw volume measurements were taken one, two and three hours after formalin injection, using an electronic caliper. After 14 days of observation, no deaths were observed in treated rats. The LD50 of ethanolic extract of Ficus umbellata leaf powder is greater than 5000 mg/Kg body weight. This extract has no significant effects on hematological parameters and on the main markers of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity for a single dose of less than 5000 mg/Kg PC. It reduces formalin-induced edema. Evaluation of the percentage inhibition showed that the extract had greater anti-inflammatory activity at 3 hours after the start of the experiment. However, better inhibition of inflammatory oedema of the paw of rats treated with 500 mg/Kg was observed at 5 hours after the start of the experiment, with a percentage inhibition of 69.23 ± 1.02, compared with the reference group treated with aspirin® 100 mg/Kg, which showed an inhibition of 63.50 ± 0.98. These results show that F. umbellata leaves possess anti-inflammatory activity, which would justify their use in traditional African medicine to prevent or treat inflammation.

关键词： Ficus umbellata Toxicity Anti-Inflammatory Edema Inflammation

EjGASA6 promotes flowering and root elongation by enhancing gibberellin biosynthesis

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第5期23卷 1568-1579页

作者： Qian Chen Shunyuan Yong Fan Xu Hao Fu Jiangbo Dang Qiao He Danlong Jing Di Wu Guolu Liang Qigao Guo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River(Ministry of Education)/College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University/Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Southwest University Chongqing 400715China College of Agronomy and biotechnology Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

The Gibberellic Acid-stimulated Arabidopsis(GASA)gene family is involved in the regulation of gene expression and plant growth,development,and stress *** investigate the function of loquat GASA genes in the growth and developmental regulation of plants,a loquat EjGASA6 gene homologous to Arabidopsis AtGASA6 was ***6 expression was induced by gibberellin,and ectopic transgenic plants containing this gene exhibited earlier bloom and longer primary roots since these phenotypic characteristics are related to higher gibberellin *** analysis and qRT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of GA3ox1 and GA20ox1,which encode key enzymes in gibberellin biosynthesis,were significantly ***,we confirmed that EjGASA6 could promote the expression of GA20ox1 via the luciferase reporter ***,our results suggest that EjGASA6 promotes blooming and main-root elongation by positively regulating gibberellin *** findings broaden our understanding of the role of GASAs in plant development and growth,and lay the groundwork for future research into the functions of EjGASA6 in regulating loquat growth and development.

关键词： loquat EjGASA6 gibberellin synthesis biological function

The Arabidopsis phosphatase PP2C49 negatively regulates salt tolerance through inhibition of At HKT1;1

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2021年第3期63卷 528-542页

作者： Moli Chu Pengwang Chen Sufang Meng Peng Xu Wenzhi Lan State Key Laboratory for pharmaceutical biotechnology School of Life SciencesNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Type 2C protein phosphatases(PP2Cs)are the largest protein phosphatase ***2Cs dephosphorylate substrates for signaling in Arabidopsis,but the functions of most PP2 Cs remain ***,we characterized PP2 C49(AT3G62260,a group G PP2C),which regulates Na^(+)distribution under salt stress and is localized to the cytoplasm and ***2C49 was highly expressed in root vascular tissues and its disruption enhanced plant tolerance to salt *** with wild type,the pp2c49 mutant contained more Na^(+)in roots but less Na^(+)in shoots and xylem sap,suggesting that PP2C49 regulates shoot Na^(+)*** grafting revealed a root-based mechanism underlying the salt tolerance of pp2 *** Na+distribution largely depends on AtHKT1;1 and loss of function of AtHKT1;1 in the pp2c49 background overrode the salt tolerance of pp2c49,resulting in salt ***,compared with plants overexpressing PP2C49 in the wild-type background,plants overexpressing PP2C49 in the athtk1;1 mutant background were sensitive to salt,like the athtk1;1 ***,protein-protein interaction and two-voltage clamping assays demonstrated that PP2C49 physically interacts with AtHKT1;1 and inhibits the Na^(+)permeability of AtHKT1;*** study reveals that PP2C49 negatively regulates AtHKT1;1 activity and thus determines systemic Na^(+)allocation during salt stress.

关键词： Arabidopsis At HKT1,1 Na+distribution translocation PP2C PP2C49 salt stress

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 1,3-Trans-1,4-cis- 3,4-di(4-bromophenyl)-1',2',3'-trihydro-1-hydroxy- benzo[g]bicyclo[3.3]octane-2-spiro-2'-indene-1'-one

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2006年第2期25卷 187-191页

作者： SHI Da-Qing LI Zheng-Yi SHI Chun-Ling DOU Guo-Lan Department.of Chemistry Xuzhou Normal University Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116 China Key Laboratory of biotechnology on Medical plants of Jiangsu Province Xuzhou 221116 China

The title compound C35H30Br2O3 （C32H24Br2O2·CH3COCH3） has been synthesized by the dimerization of 2-（4＇-bromobenzal）-1-indenone induced by low-valent titanium reagent, and characterized by elemental analysis, IR,^1H NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to triclinic, space group P1^- with a = 10.273（7）, b = 11.036（7）, c = 13.944（9） ,A°, a = 73.972（9）, β =76.577（10）,γ= 88.871（10）°, V = 1476.3（17）A°^3, Mr = 658.41, Z = 2, Dr = 1.481 g/cm^3, μ（MoKa） = 2.780 mm^-1, F（000） = 668, the final R = 0.0452 and wR = 0.0975. X-ray analysis reveals that the two cyclopentane rings spiro-fused each other adopt envelope conformations, while the other cyclopentane ring （C（1）--C（2）-C（7）-C（9）） is coplanar. In addition, there is a classical intermolecular hydrogen bond O（1）-H（1）...O（2） connecting the adjacent molecules into dimers.

关键词： benzo[g]bicyclo[3.3]octane-2-spiro-2'-indene-1'-one synthesis crystal structure,low-valent titanium

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate attenuates cardiac dysfunction and improves survival of rats with cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2018年第11期16卷 846-855页

作者： MENG Zheng-Jie WANG Chao MENG Ling-Tong BAO Bei-Hua WU Jin-Hui HU Yi-Qiao College of biotechnology and pharmaceutical Engineering Nanjing Tech University State Key Laboratory of pharmaceutical biotechnology Medical School Nanjing University School of pharmaceutical Sciences Nanjing Tech University Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae Research College of Pharmacy Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine

Cardiac dysfunction, a common consequence of sepsis, is the major contribution to morbidity and mortality in patients. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate(STS) is a water-soluble derivative of Tanshinone IIA(TA), a main active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which has been widely used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebral system diseases. In the present study, the effect of STS on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction was investigated and its effect on survival rate of rats with sepsis was also evaluated. STS treatment could significantly decrease the serum levels of C-reactive protein(CRP), procalcitonin(PCT), cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTn-Ⅰ), cardiac troponin T(cTn-T), and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) in cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)-induced) septic rats and improve left ventricular function, particularly at 48 and 72 h after CLP. As the pathogenesis of septic myocardial dysfunction is attributable to dysregulated systemic inflammatory responses, several key cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-10(IL-10) and high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1), were detected to reveal the possible mechanism of attenuation of septic myocardial dysfunction after being treated by STS. Our study showed that STS, especially at a high dose(15 mg×kg–1), could efficiently suppress inflammatory responses in myocardium and reduce myocardial necrosis through markedly reducing production of myocardial TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1. STS significantly improved the 18-day survival rate of rats with sepsis from 0% to 30%(P < 0.05). Therefore, STS could suppress inflammatory responses and improve left ventricular function in rats with sepsis, suggesting that it may be developed for the treatment of sepsis.

关键词： Sodium tanshinone II A sulfonate Sepsis Cardiac dysfunction Cytokine Cecal ligation and puncture model

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of N_3-(Dimethyl-pyrimidine)-N_4-(tri-O-acetyl-xylosyl) Thiourea

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2008年第3期27卷 321-325页

作者：王小明张锁秦朱凌王思思李鑫源方千荣尹雅乐刘昊琰李耀先贾高峰赵卫国庞延军戚金亮王修强杨永华 State Key Laboratory of pharmaceutical biotechnology School of Life SciencesNanjing University College of Chemistry Jilin University

The crystal structure of the title compound （C18H24N4O7S, Mr = 440.47） was prepared by the condensation of 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl isothiocyanate with 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-amine and structurally determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal belongs to the monochnic system, space group P2 1 with a = 7.5500（17）, b = 10.498（2）, c = 14.208（3） A, β = 99.929（4）°, V = 1109.2（4） A^3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.319 g/cm^3,μ = 0.191, F（000） = 464, Flack = 0.00（15）, R = 0.0684 and wR = 0.1103. In the crystal structure, the xylose ring adopts a ^4C1 chair conformation. Due to the hydrogen bonding interaction between N（4）-H（4A） and N（1）, the pyrimidine ring is well positioned.

关键词： xylopyranosyl isothiocyanate 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-amine crystal structure synthesis

Structures of 1-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) ethanone and Its Hydrate Complex

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Chinese Journal of Structural Chemistry 2011年第3期30卷 330-335页

作者：肖竹平张芳朱建梁文德易守福彭晓春朱海亮 School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering Jishou University State Key Laboratory of pharmaceutical biotechnology Nanjing University

The title compounds, C16H16O5 （I） and C16H16O5·H2O （II）, were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound I crystallizes in monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 10.5574（10）, b = 8.3576（9）, c = 16.5528（16） A, β = 91.762（3）°, Z = 4, R = 0.0524 and wR = 0.1084. The molecules are jointed into a chain by intermolecular O-H···O and C-H···O hydrogen bonds, which form layers parallel to （001）. The chains run along the [110] and [110] directions alternatively layer by layer, and are assembled into a network by intermolecular O-H···O （carboxyl） hydrogen bonds. On the other hand, the hydrate complex （II） crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 5.1451（2）, b = 10.4583（4）, c = 14.8267（5） , α = 70.900（2）, β = 82.478（2）, γ = 81.359（2）°, Z = 2, R = 0.0393 and wR = 0.0983. The molecules are linked into infinite two-dimensional ribbons by O-H···O （carbonyl） and solvent-bridged O-H···O hydrogen bonds.

关键词： deoxybenzoins hydrate complex crystal structure hydrogen bond