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Chemopreventive Effect of Allspice in Azoxymethane (AOM) Induced Fisher 344 Male Rats

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第2期10卷 220-234页

作者： Ebube N. Onwasigwe Martha Verghese Hadyn Reid Carlissa Holden Lillian Smith Shantrell Willis Rajitha Sunkara Louis Shackelford Lloyd T. Walker nutritional biochemistry and Carcinogenesis Laboratory Department of Food and Animal Sciences Alabama A and M University Normal AL USA

Allspice contains phytochemicals which may have antioxidative and chemopreventive potential. The objective was to determine the effects of allspice on the AOM induced aberrant cryptic foci (ACF) in colon of Fisher 344 male rats. Rats were obtained from Harlan, IN, and raised in an environmentally controlled condition of 12 hours of light and dark cycles and at 50% relative humidity. Rats in experimental groups were fed with different concentrations of allspice (0.5%, 1% and 2%) in an AIN-93G based diet. Rats received AOM injections at 7 and 8 weeks of age at 16 mg/kg body weight. After 17 weeks, rats were asphyxiated with CO2, and liver, and colon samples were collected. Colons were stained with methylene blue to enumerate ACF and crypt multiplicity. Rats fed 0.5% allspice had the highest cecal pH (7.64) compared to control (6.88) (P ≤ 0.05). Rats in the treatment groups gained 225 g to 251 g over the 13-week period. A 29% reduction in total crypts was observed in rats fed 2% compared to 0.5% allspice. Highest number of crypts was seen in control group. Antioxidative enzyme activity was higher in rats fed allspice compared to the control group. Total tumors (0.25 - 2.5), tumor bearing rat ratio (1 - 2.5) and incidence rate (50% - 100%) in rats fed different concentrations of allspice were lower compared to rats in the control group (6.6%, 5.8%, and 100% respectively). Consumption of allspice in the diet reduced the number of ACF in Fisher 344 male rats. Allspice can be utilized in food formulations for its chemopreventive effects against colon cancer.

关键词： ACF (Aberrant Crypt Foci) AOM-Azoxymethane Methylene Blue Fisher 344 Male Rats Crypt Multiplicity

Dietary-suppression of hepatic lipogenic enzyme expression in intact male transgenic mice

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第46期19卷 8671-8677页

作者： Maria Notarnicola Maria Gabriella Caruso Angela Tafaro Valeria Tutino Giusy Bianco Mario Minoia Antonio Francavilla Laboratory of nutritional biochemistry National Institute for Digestive Diseases Animal Facility National Institute for Digestive Diseases Scientific Direction National Institute for Digestive Diseases

AIM:To study,in intact male transgenic mice,the effects of three diets based on olive oil and olive oil diet supplemented with lovastatin and orlistat on hepatic lipogenic enzymes expression,considered markers of cell ***:Forty ApcMin/+mice were randomly divided into 4 groups and fed for 10 wk:olive oil(OO)group,n=10 animals received a diet with olive oil 12%;olive oil plus lovastatin(LOVA)group,n=10 animals received the same diet with olive oil supplemented with lovastatin 5 mg/kg;olive oil plus orlistat(OR)group,n=10 animals fed the diet with olive oil supplemented with orlistat 50 mg/kg and SD group,n=10 animals fed a standard *** activity of lipogenic enzymes and their gene expression were evaluated by radiomet-ric and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay,***:After 10 wk of dietary treatment,the body weight was no different among animal groups(21.3±3.1 g for standard group,22.1±3.6 g for OO group,22.0±3.2 g for LOVA group and 20.7±3.4 g for OR group,data expressed as mean±SD),observing a generalized well-being in all *** the dietary managed treated groups presented significantly reduced hepatic levels of fatty acid synthase,farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase and 3-hydroxyl-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase activity and gene expression when compared with the mice fed the standard *** evaluate cell proliferation in the liver of treated mice,the levels of cyclin E mRNA have been measured,demonstrating a significant reduction of cyclin E gene expression in all treated *** of reduced hepatic cell proliferation was present overall in OO group ***:We confirm the role of lipogenic enzymes as markers of cell proliferation,suggesting that appropriate dietary management alone or with drugs can be a feasible approach to counteract hepatic cell proliferation in mice.

关键词： Lipogenic enzymes Liver Markers of cell proliferation Transgenic mice Dietary treatment

Red Yeast Rice Increases Excretion of Bile Acids in Hamsters

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2009年第4期22卷 269-277页

作者： KA-YING MA ZE-SHENG ZHANG SHU-XIN ZHAO QI CHANG YIN-MEI WONG SAI YING VENUS YEUNG Yu HUANG AND ZHEN-YU CHEN Food and nutritional Sciences Program Department of Biochemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China Faeulty of Food Engineering & Biotechnology Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193 China Department of Physiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin New Territories Hong Kong China

Objective To investigate the hypocholesterolemic activity of red yeast rice （RYR） and its underlying mechanism. Methods Three groups of hamsters were fed either the control diet or one of the two experimental diets containing by weight 0.1% RYR （0.1RYR） or 0.3% RYR （0.3RYR）. Blood （0.5 mL） was collected from the retro-orbital sinus into a heparinized capillary tube at the end of week 0, 3, and 6. Plasma lipoproteins were measured using enzymatic kits, while fecal neutral and acidic sterols were quantified using a gas-liquid chromatography. Results Plasma total cholesterol was reduced by 12% in 0.1RYR group and by 18% in 0.3RYR group compared with the control value. Similarly, plasma triacylglycerol was decreased by 11% in 0.1RYR group and by 24% in 0.3RYR group. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that RYR had no effect on sterol regulatory element binding protein 2, fiver X receptor, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-CoA reductase, LDL receptor, and cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase. HPLC analysis confirmed that RYR contained 0.88% monacolin K. It was recently found that RYR supplementation increased excretion of fecal acidic sterols by 34 folds compared with the conlrol value. Conclusion Hypocholesterolemic activity of RYR is mediated at least partially by enhancement of acidic sterol excretion.

关键词： Bile acid Cholesterol Monacolin Red yeast rice Triacylglcerols

The Use of Secondary Grape Biomass in Beef Cattle Nutrition on Carcass Characteristics, Quality and Shelf Life of Meat

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 447-469页

作者： Vitor L. Molosse Guilherme L. Deolindo Rafael V. P. Lago Bruna Klein Claiton A. Zotti Marcelo Vedovato Marcylene V. da Silveira Priscila M. Copetti Maria R. C. Schetinger Juscivete F. Favero Eliana L. Fiorentin Aleksandro S. da Silva Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC) Chapec Brazil Department of Animal Science UDESC Chapec Brazil Department of Animal Science Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina Xanxere Brazil Dean Lee Research and Extension Center Louisiana State University Alexandria LA USA Department of biochemistry Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil Department of Medicina Veterinria UNOCHAPEC Chapec Brasil

We determined whether the inclusion of 100 g/kg dry matter of grape pomace silage (GPS) and grape pomace bran (GPB) as substitutes for other traditional fiber sources in the diet of steers (Charolais x Nellore) would improve carcass characteristics, meat quality and composition, and shelf life. Twenty-four animals (248 ± 19.32 kg of initial body weight) were fed a high concentrate diet for 121 days. Carcass characteristics were measured, and the longissimus dorsi muscle was analyzed for fatty acid (FA) profile and composition. The meat was sliced and stored in air-permeable packages for 10 days. On each sampling day (d 1, 3, 7, and 10), oxidative stability, bacterial load, lipid and protein oxidation, and staining were analyzed. The experimental diets influenced the pH of cold carcasses only. The GPS group had a higher pH than the control. The GPS and GPB groups showed improved oxidant status (i.e., lower lipid peroxidation and concentrations of reactive oxygen species were in the meat of both groups than in control). On the first day of storage, the antioxidant enzyme glutathione S-transferase activity was more significant in the meat of the GPS and GPB groups than in the control. The bacterial loads in the meat were attenuated by GPS inclusion;there were lower total coliform counts and a trend toward lower counts for enterobacteria in the control group. The diets altered the FA profile of the meat;i.e., the GPB diet allowed for a more significant amount of the n-6 omegas in the meat, while the GPS diet showed a tendency for a more significant amount of n-6 and 9 omegas. Both diets (GPS and GPB) increased the amounts of long-chain FAs. The GPS diet decreased saturated FA levels. We conclude that the dietary treatments GPS and GPB are a promising alternative to maintain meat quality standards throughout in real-world retail conditions. These treatments gave rise to an improvement in the nutritional value of the meat due to the more significant amounts of FAs that im

关键词： Animal Nutrition Antioxidant Biomass Grape Meat Quality Microbiology Residue

Chemopreventive Potential of Canola Leafy Greens and Other Cruciferous Vegetables on Azoxymethane (AOM)-Induced Colon Cancer in Fisher-344 Male Rats

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第11期7卷 964-976页

作者： R. L. Miller-Cebert J. Boateng E. Cebert L. Shackelford M. Verghese nutritional biochemistry and Carcinogenesis Laboratory Department of Food and Animal Sciences Alabama A&M University Normal AL USA Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Alabama A&M University Normal AL USA

Cruciferous vegetables have great health benefits, and their components may be significant in the inhibition of colon tumors. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the chemopreventive potential of cabbage, turnip greens, collard greens and canola greens on azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon cancer. Following a one-week acclimatization period, forty-two Fisher-344 male rats were randomly assigned to five groups (treatment groups: n = 8;control: n = 10). Four groups were fed treatment diets consisting of the selected cruciferous vegetables at 5%, while the C group was fed AIN-93 growth diet. Colon tumors were induced by administration of AOM at 7 and 8 weeks of age and rats were killed by CO2 asphyxiation at 45 weeks of age. Results show a 42.85% tumors incidence in rats fed canola greens compared to 100% in the rats fed cabbage and the control. Rats fed control had higher tumors/ tumor bearing rat (TBR) ratio (4.5) compared to those seen in treatment groups (1 - 1.71). Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were noted in weight gain, cecal wall weight and total cecal weight in the control compared to treatment groups. Hepatic catalase (CAT) and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activities (43.05 and 2.02 μmol/mg, respectively) in rats fed canola were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control (10.22 and 0.58 μmol/mg) and other treatment groups. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (μmol/mg) in rats fed canola (0.29), cabbage (0.26) and turnip greens (0.25) were similar, however, significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control (0.09). Activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased in the order: collard greens > canola greens > turnip greens > cabbage > control. Selected cruciferous vegetables, including canola leafy greens, were effective in reducing incidence of AOM-induced colon tumors in Fisher-344 male rats and may be useful as dietary chemopreventive agents.

关键词： Antioxidative Enzymes Cancer Canola Cruciferous Vegetables Detoxification Enzymes

Feeding Soy with Probiotic Attenuates Obesity-Related Metabolic Syndrome Traits in Obese Zucker Rats

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第9期6卷 780-789页

作者： Lauren Mounts Rajitha Sunkara Louis Shackelford Simon Ogutu Lloyd T. Walker Martha Verghese nutritional biochemistry Laboratory Department of Food & Animal Sciences Alabama A & M University Normal AL USA Food Chemistry Laboratory Department of Food & Animal Sciences Alabama A & M University Normal AL USA

Obesity has reached pandemic levels, being a major concern of health. Overweight and obesity are the precursors for metabolic disturbances in the body. Probiotics and prebiotics administrations have shown to reduce the characteristics of obesity-induced metabolic syndrome in animals. The present study examined the effects of dietary supplementation of soybean meal and Bifidobacterium longum (BB536) singly and in combination on obesity-related traits in obese Zucker rats. Control group rats were fed with AIN93-M diet and treatment groups were fed with soybean meal (5 % or 10%) and Bifidobacterium longum (0.1%) in single and combinations for 100 days. Weight gain, feed intake, and % of fat in liver were recorded. Serum biochemical parameters such as cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin and glucose were analyzed. Activities of liver enzymatic markers (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyl-transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)) were determined. Dietary supplementation of soymeal at 10% with B. longum reduced the weight gain by 30% and liver fat content by 35%. Feeding Bifidobacterium longum alone did not have any effect in analyzing serum biochemical parameters and activity of liver enzymatic markers. Serum glucose and insulin levels in rats were lowered by 18% - 24% and 22% - 25% respectively when fed with administration of combinational feeding of soymeal at 5% and 10% with Bifidobacterium longum. Hepatic enzyme activity was reduced by 1.3 fold with the combinational diet at higher concentration (soy 10%). The present study provides evidence that supplementation with soymeal with probiotic, B. longum attenuates the metabolic disorders induced by obesity in obese Zucker rats.

关键词： Obesity Metabolic Syndrome Soy Bifidobacterium longum

Effects of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Marrubium vulgare in female rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017年第2期10卷 154-158页

作者： Rim Aouni Mossadok Ben Attia Mohamed Habib Jaafoura Amina Bibi-Derbel Mustapha Haouari Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte Department of life Sciences7021 JarzounaUniversity of Carthage INNTA SURVEN Research Laboratory(Monitoring and nutritional epidemiology in Tunisia) Laboratoire Biomonitoring of the Environment Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte.7021 JarzounaUniversity of Carthage Orthopedic InstituteMohamed Kassab Laboratory of Cyto-Morphology and Anatomy Pathologic National Institute of Nutrition and Food technology Clinical laboratory of biochemistry Ecole Superior of Science and Technology of Health of Tunis University of Tunis El Manar

Objective:To evaluate the effects of ethanol–water(80:20) extract of Marrubium vulgare(***) on the hematological parameters,macroscopic and histological aspects of the uterus and fetus in non-pregnant and pregnant ***:Female rats were divided into 4 equal groups(n = 9),group N(normal rats) and group G(pregnant rats) considered as control groups,group NE(normal rats treated with the ethanol–water(80:20,v/v) extract of ***) and group GE(pregnant rats treated with the extract).The ethanol–water(80:20) plant extract was administered in a single daily dose 1 g/kg at the morning,during 19 *** the 19 day of the experiment,animals were sacrificed,the uterus and fetuses were removed for the morphological and histological studies and the blood was collected in EDTA tubes for the measurement of hematological parameters with the use of an automate ‘HORIBA ABX Micros 60 Hematology Analyzer'.Results:Our results showed,in group NE and GE,a significant decrease on hematological parameters:red blood cells(NE:18.6%;GE:38.4%),hematocrit(NE:13.8%;GE:20.4%),hemoglobin(NE:12.1%;GE:8.3%) and mean corpuscular volume(NE:6.4%;GE:2%) with P more less a ***,the extract of *** caused a significant decrease on the mean implantations of fetuses(82.5%,P<0.001) and their size(47.2%,P< 0.01).As for the macroscopic and histological appearance of uterus,our data showed no change in normal treated *** contrast,the treated pregnant rats showed a severe histological change characterized by the existence of location of stopped ***,it was also found in the uterus of these rat lyses placental and embryo ***:All these results support the hypothesis of an abortifacient effect of ***.

关键词： Vegetal extract Abortificiant effect Hematological parameters Fetuses Uterus Histology

Beneficial effect of refined red palm oil on lipid peroxidation and monocyte tissue factor in HCV-related liver disease： a randomized controlled study

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2016年第2期15卷 165-172页

作者： Roberto Catanzaro Nicola Zerbinati Umberto Solimene Massimiliano Marcellino Dheeraj Mohania Angelo Italia Antonio Ayala Francesco Marotta Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine Gastroenterology Section University of Catania Catania Italy CMP-Medical Center & Laboratories Pavia Italy WHO-center for Traditional Medicine & Biotechnology University of Milano Milano Italy ReGenera Research group for Aging-Intervention Milano Italy Department of Research Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Rajinder Nagar New Delhi India biochemistry and Molecular Biology Seville University Sevilla Spain

BACKGROUND： A large amount of endotoxin can be detected in the peripheral venous blood of patients with liver cirrhosis, contributing to the pathogenesis of hepatotoxicity because of its role in oxidative stress. The present study aimed to test the effect of the supplementation with red palm oil（RPO）, which is a natural oil obtained from oil palm fruit（Elaeis guineensis） rich in natural fat-soluble tocopherols, tocotrienols and carotenoids, on lipid peroxidation and endotoxemia with plasma endotoxin-inactivating capacity, proinflammatory cytokines profile, and monocyte tissue factor in patients with chronic liver disease. METHODS： The study group consisted of sixty patients（34 males and 26 females; mean age 62 years, range 54-75） with Child A/B, genotype 1 HCV-related cirrhosis without a history of ethanol consumption, randomly enrolled into an 8-week oral daily treatment with either vitamin E or RPO. All patients had undergone an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 8 months before, and 13 out of them showed esophageal ***： Both treatments significantly decreased erythrocyte malondialdehyde and urinary isoprostane output, only RPO significantly affected macrophage-colony stimulating factor and monocyte tissue factor. Liver ultrasound imaging did not show any change. CONCLUSIONS： RPO beneficially modulates oxidative stress and, not least, downregulates macrophage/monocyte inflammatory parameters. RPO can be safely advised as a valuable nutritional implementation tool in the management of chronic liver diseases.

关键词： endotoxin isoprostane macrophage-colony stimulating factor monocyte tissue factor oxidative stress red palm oil

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汉斯·克雷布斯与谷氨酰胺在临床营养的应用

中华临床营养杂志 2014年第1期22卷 1-8页

作者： Malcolm Watford John T. Brosnan 李娟(译) 赵维纲(校) Department of nutritional Sciences School of Environmental and Biological Sciences Rutgers The State University New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA Department of biochemistry Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's NL A1B 3X9 Canada 不详

汉斯·阿道夫·克雷布斯（Hans Adolf Krebs）（1953年诺贝尔奖获得者）为谷氨酰胺在临床营养的应用开创了新的舞台,本文对其在谷氨酰胺代谢方面的研究贡献进行阐述.本文两位作者在谷氨酰胺代谢方面也进行了多年研究,并在克雷布斯教授... 详细信息

汉斯·阿道夫·克雷布斯（Hans Adolf Krebs）（1953年诺贝尔奖获得者）为谷氨酰胺在临床营养的应用开创了新的舞台,本文对其在谷氨酰胺代谢方面的研究贡献进行阐述.本文两位作者在谷氨酰胺代谢方面也进行了多年研究,并在克雷布斯教授指导下完成了牛津大学哲学博士学位训练.1923年,克雷布斯成为一名医生,并参加了3年的临床培训.1926年,他进入奥托·沃伯格（Otto Warburg）（1931年诺贝尔奖获得者）实验室开始了他的科研生涯.克雷布斯利用沃伯格测压法等技术对肿瘤相关蛋白降解代谢进行相关研究.1931年克雷布斯开始研究合成反应,并于1932年描述了第一个生化循环路径——尿素循环.1933年克雷布斯移居英格兰,同时将研究集中于氨基酸代谢,从分子水平阐述动物组织谷氨酰胺代谢,为临床营养应用谷氨酰胺奠定了基础.其研究以谷氨酰胺异常代谢为起点,之后,他将注意力转移到谷氨酰胺水解产生谷氨酸与氨的过程.克雷布斯于1935年发表文章阐述谷氨酰胺代谢的重要酶学研究,如谷氨酰胺的合成是一个吸热反应,需要能量供应.同时,他鉴定了谷氨酰胺酶对谷氨酰胺的水解作用,且不同组织含有不同亚型的谷氨酰胺酶.此外,他还阐述了分布最广泛的“脑型”谷氨酰胺酶的基本调节特点,证实其受谷氨酸负反馈调节,而“肝型”谷氨酰胺酶则不受此调节.1935年的文章发表后,克雷布斯仍致力于应用当时最先进的技术方法对氨基酸代谢进行各种研究,并将注意力转移到谷氨酰胺其他代谢过程.20世纪70年代,克雷布斯与其同事合作,发现谷氨酰胺是肝糖异生与尿素合成的底物,肾糖异生与氨的产物,且是小肠上皮细胞的代谢底物.此外,克雷布斯团队还发现骨骼肌可以释放大量谷氨酰胺,同时阐述了肝在谷氨酰胺利用与合成中的作用.直到克雷布斯去世（1981年）前,他仍致力于支链氨基酸与谷氨酰胺代谢关系的研究.在过去的20-30年大量研究中,威尔莫（Wilmor）与弗斯特（Furst）团队最先发表文章描述谷氨酰胺在临床肠外营养中的补充应用.关于在临床营养中补充谷氨酰胺,已发表了大量研究文章与综述,一些研究展示了其非常显著的有效性,更多的研究显示它具有一定效果,也有研究发现它在某些人群中会产生不良反应.总而言之,谷氨酰胺在临床营养的运用在很大程度上应归功于克雷布斯与他的同事和实习生所做的大量工作.描述与克雷布斯工作“个人追忆”的本文作者,非常感谢作为谷氨酰胺之父的汉斯·阿道夫·克雷布斯教授对他们科学研究技术的培养.

关键词：谷氨酰胺三羧酸循环临床应用