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Combined VEGF/PDGF improves olfactory regeneration after unilateral bulbectomy in mice

Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第10期13卷 1820-1826页

作者： Kate Beecher Louise M.Hafner Jenny Ekberg James A.St.John Fatemeh Chehrehasa School of Biomedical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith University institute of health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Menzies health institute Queensland Griffith University

The olfactory receptor neurons lining the nasal cavity have a remarkable capacity to regenerate throughout life. They are replenished continuously and their axons make new connections within the olfactory bulb. However, some factors such as head trauma and skull base surgery damage the olfactory nerve which lead to olfactory dysfunction. Losing the sense of smell has considerable effects on quality of life and life-expectancy. Therefore, there is a clear need to find a treatment for olfactory dysfunction. One such potential treatment is growth factor therapy which showed promising results in the spinal cord and brain injuries. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether combined delivery of two growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor treatment can improve the olfactory neurons regeneration in mice. The degeneration of the olfactory neurons was induced by unilateral bulbectomy. The treatment group received 1.5 μg of the combined growth factors intranasally, while the control injured group received saline. Growth factor treatment significantly increased the number of immature neurons at 5 and 7 days post injury and also the number of mature olfactory neurons at 10 and 14 days post bulbectomy. Regenerating axons extended over a larger volume in the operated cavity in the treatment group compared to control group at 14 days post bulbectomy. The growth factor treatment also significantly reduced astrocytic glia scar in the operated cavity. The results indicate that the combined delivery of the growth factors has the potential to improve olfactory dysfunction.

关键词： astrocytes olfactory bulb glial scar axon growth factors neuron

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Quantum state tomography from observable time traces in closed quantum systems

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第2期22卷 222-234页

作者： Shuixin Xiao Yuanlong Wang Qi Yu Jun Zhang Daoyi Dong Ian R.Petersen University of Michigan–Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China School of Engineering The Australian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology(Australian Research Council) Centre for Quantum DynamicsGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLD4111Australia School of Engineering and Technology University of New South WalesCanberraACT2600Australia

The task to estimate all the parameters of an unknown quantum state, also called quantum state tomography, is essential for characterizing and controlling quantum systems. In this paper, we utilize observable time traces to identify the initial quantum state of a closed quantum system, based on the state space approach in the control theory. In the informationally complete scenario, we show that with a linear regression estimation (LRE), the mean squared error (MSE) scales as , where N is the resource number. In the informationally incomplete scenario, we introduce regularization LRE to perform the state tomography task. We employ PBH test to demonstrate that closed quantum systems with only one observable are informationally incomplete and propose using observables, where d is the dimension of the quantum state, for informational completeness. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.

关键词： Quantum state tomography Time trace Quantum system identification

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Improving cell transplantation by understanding and manipulating the phagocytic activity of peripheral glia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第2期17卷 313-314页

作者： Lynn Nazareth James St John Jenny Ekberg Menzies health institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportAustralia Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research Griffith UniversityNathanAustralia griffith institute for Drug Discovery Griffith UniversityNathanAustralia

One of the key challenges in neuroscience is that the central nervous system(CNS;the brain and spinal cord), is largely unable to regene rate after injury. One factor contributing to this lack of repair is the accumulation of cellular and myelin debris at the site of injury. The debris is not efficiently phagocytosed and can persist for years after the initial injury, resulting in an inflammatory environment which inhibits axonal regrowth(Lutz and Barres, 2014).

关键词： debris contributing injury

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Factors that modulate olfactory dysfunction

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第7期13卷 1151-1155页

作者： Kate Beecher James A.St John Fatemeh Chehrehasa School of Biomedical Science Queensland University of Technology institute of health and Biomedical Innovation Queensland University of Technology Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research Griffith Institute for Drug DiscoveryGriffith University Menzies health institute Queensland Griffith University

The olfactory system is one of a few areas in the nervous system which is capable of regeneration throughout the *** sensory neurons reside in the nasal cavity are continuously replenished with new neurons arising from stem *** factors such as aging,neurodegenerative diseases,head trauma,brain tumor extraction and infection cause olfactory dysfunction which significantly influences physical wellbeing,quality of life,mental health,nutritional status,memory processes,identifying danger and is associated with increased ***,finding a treatment to improve olfactory dysfunction is *** research efforts in the field have shown some very promising new approaches to treat olfactory *** review explores the current studies that have addressed therapeutic approaches to improve olfactory neuron regeneration based on cell transplantation therapy,modulation of physiological olfactory dysfunction and drug treatments.

关键词： olfactory neuron regeneration anosmia loss of smell degeneration bulbectomy ensheathing cells growth factor epithelium receptor

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Reliable cell purification and determination of cell purity:crucial aspects of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation for spinal cord repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第11期15卷 2016-2026页

作者： Ronak Reshamwala Megha Shah Lucy Belt Jenny A.K.Ekberg James A.St John griffith institute for Drug Discovery Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia Menzies health institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportQLDAustralia Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells,the glia of the primary olfactory nervous system,has been trialed for spinal cord injury repair with promising but variable outcomes in animals and *** ensheathing cells can be harvested either from the lamina propria beneath the neuroepithelium in the nasal cavity,or from the olfactory bulb in the *** these areas contain several other cell types,isolating and purifying olfactory ensheathing cells is a critical part of the *** is largely unknown how contaminating cells such as fibroblasts,other glial cell types and supporting cells affect olfactory ensheathing cell function post-transplantation;these cells may also cause unwanted *** is also,however,possible that the presence of some of the contaminant cells can improve ***,we reviewed the last decade of olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation studies in rodents,with a focus on olfactory ensheathing cell *** analyzed how purification methods and resultant cell purity differed between olfactory mucosa-and olfactory bulb-derived cell *** analyzed how the studies reported on olfactory ensheathing cell purity and which criteria were used to define cells as olfactory ensheathing ***,we analyzed the correlation between cell purity and transplantation *** found that olfactory bulb-derived olfactory ensheathing cell preparations are typically purer than mucosa-derived *** concluded that there is an association between high olfactory ensheathing cell purity and favourable outcomes,but the lack of olfactory ensheathing cell-specific markers severely hampers the field.

关键词： antibody astrocyte fibroblast glia glial cell injury nerve neuron trauma surgery

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Synchronous colorectal cancer: Clinical, pathological and molecular implications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第22期20卷 6815-6820页

作者： Alfred King-Yin Lam Sally Sze-Yan Chan Melissa Leung Cancer Molecular Pathology Griffith Health InstituteGriffith UniversityGold Coast QLD 4222QueenslandAustralia

Synchronous colorectal carcinoma refers to more than one primary colorectal carcinoma detected in a single patient at initial presentation. A literature review has shown that the prevalence of the disease is approximately 3.5% of all colorectal carcinomas. This disease has a male to female ratio of 1.8:1. The mean age at presentation of patients with synchronous colorectal cancer is in the early half of the seventh decade. Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease), hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, familial adenomatous polyposis and serrated polyps/hyperplastic polyposis are known to have a higher risk of synchronous colorectal carcinoma. These predisposing factors account for slightly more than 10% of synchronous colorectal carcinomas. Synchronous colorectal carcinoma is more common in the right colon when compared to solitary colorectal cancer. On pathological examination, some synchronous colorectal carcinomas are mucinous adenocarcinomas. They are usually associated with adenomas and metachronous colorectal carcinomas. Most of the patients with synchronous colorectal cancer have two carcinomas but up to six have been reported in one patient. Patients with synchronous colorectal carcinoma have a higher proportion of microsatellite instability cancer than patients with a solitary colorectal carcinoma. Also, limited data have revealed that in many synchronous colorectal carcinomas, carcinomas in the same patient have different patterns of microsatellite instability status, p53 mutation and K-ras mutation. Overall, the prognosis of patients with synchronous colorectal carcinoma is not significantly different from that in patients with solitary colorectal carcinoma, although a marginally better prognosis has been reported in patients with synchronous colorectal carcinoma in some series. A different management approach and long-term clinical follow-up are recommended for some patients with synchronous colorect

关键词： Synchronous carcinoma Colorectal carcinoma Prevalence Microsatellite instability Review

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Determinant variables on the isotopic values of particulate organic matter in a neotropical floodplain

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第4期42卷 1173-1185页

作者： Vinícius de ANDRADE URBANO Matheus MAXIMILIAN RATZ SCOARIZE Gustavo HENRIQUE ZAIA ALVES Driele DELANIRA-SANTOS Marcela da SILVA CAETANO Evanilde BENEDITO Departamento de Biologia(DBI) Laboratório de Ecologia EnergéticaUniversidade Estadual de Maringá(UEM)Maringá87020-900Brasil Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais(PEA) Universidade Estadual de Maringá(UEM)Maringá87020-900Brasil Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa(UEPG)Campus UvaranasPonta Grossa 84030-900Brasil Australian Rivers institute(ARI) Griffith UniversityNathan QLD 4111Australia

Particulate organic matter(POM)is an important energy source for aquatic consumers,understanding its origin and composition is essential for understanding the energetic dynamics of aquatic *** aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between POM and phytoplankton(isotopic values and chlorophyll concentration)and abiotic variables during dry and rainy *** was conducted in rivers and lagoons in the floodplain of the Upper Paraná*** found a greater difference in ^(δ13)C values of POM between sampling points than between seasons,indicating that the composition of regional sources influences the composition of POM more than dry and rainy *** addition,the concentration of chlorophyll during the dry season was positively correlated with ^(δ13)C values during that rainy ***,we found a relationship between factors limiting the growth of phytoplankton and ^(δ13)C values of POM,such as phosphate ions,indicating that variables that regulate phytoplankton growth tend to influence the composition of POM in river ***,maintaining the variables that regulate the phytoplankton community is of fundamental importance for the composition of POM,an important energy source in aquatic environments.

关键词： freshwater wetland stable isotopes food web subtropical environment

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Tree structure and diversity shape the biomass of primary temperate mountain forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 568-579页

作者： Dheeraj Ralhan Ruffy Rodrigo Heather Keith Annemiek Irene Stegehuis Jakob Pavlin Yumei Jiang Milos Rydval Juliana Nogueira Alexandre Fruleux Marek Svitok Martin Mikolas Daniel Kozak Martin Dusatko Pavel Janda Oleh Chaskovsky Catalin-Constantin Roibu Miroslav Svoboda Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesKamycka 129Suchdol16521 Praha 6Czech Republic Department of Forest Science Biliran Province State UniversityBiliran6549Philippines griffith Climate Action Beacon Griffith UniversityParklands DriveSouthportGold CoastQueensland4222Australia Laboratoire de Geologie IPSLCNRSUMR 8538Ecole Normale SuperieurePSL UniversityParisFrance Univ.Lille Institut Mines-TelecomUniv.ArtoisJuniaULR 4515LGCgELaboratoire de Genie Civil et Geo-EnvironnementF-59000LilleFrance Department of Biology and General Ecology Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenMasaryka 2496001ZvolenSlovakia institute of Forest Management Ukrainian National Forestry UniversityLvivUkraine Forest Biometrics Laboratory–Faculty of Forestry Stefan Cel Mare University of SuceavaUniversitații Street Number.13Suceava720229Romania

Primary forests are spatially diverse terrestrial ecosystems with unique characteristics,being naturally regenerative and heterogeneous,which supports the stability of their carbon storage through the accumulation of live and dead ***,little is known about the interactions between biomass stocks,tree genus diversity and structure across a temperate montane primary ***,we investigated the relationship between tree structure(variability in basal area and tree size),genus-level diversity(abundance,tree diversity)and biomass stocks in temperate primary mountain forests across Central and Eastern *** used inventory data from726 permanent sample plots from mixed beech and spruce across the Carpathian *** used nonlinear regression to analyse the spatial variability in forest biomass,structure,and genus-level diversity and how they interact with plot-level tree age,disturbances,temperature and *** found that the combined effects of genus and structural indices were important for addressing the variability in biomass across different spatial *** processes in disturbance regimes and uneven tree age support forest hete rogeneity and the accumulation of live and dead biomass through the natural regeneration,growth and decay of the forest *** complexities in basal area index,supporte d by genus-level abundance,positively influence total biomass stocks,which was modulated by tree age and *** forests showed higher tree density and basal area than mixed beech forests,though mixed beech still contributes significantly to biomass across *** heterogeneity was strongly influenced by complexities in forest composition(tree genus diversity,structure).We addressed the importance of primary forests as stable carbon stores,achieved through structure and *** such ecosystems is critical for ensuring the stability of the primary forest,carbon store and biodiversity into the future.

关键词： Biodiversity indicators Biomass carbon stock Ecosystem functioning Forest composition Primary forest structure Tree size distribution

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The link between olfactory ensheathing cell survival and spinal cord injury repair: a commentary on common limitations of contemporary research

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1848-1849页

作者： Ronak Reshamwala Megha Shah James St.John Jenny Ekberg griffith institute for Drug Discovery Griffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia Menzies health institute Queensland Griffith UniversitySouthportQLDAustraliaClem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell ResearchGriffith UniversityBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Olfactory ensheathing cells(OECs)are crucial players in the continuous regeneration of the olfactory nervous system that occurs through out life and are thought to have unique growth-promoting *** this reason,OEC transplantation has been thoroughly explored for the potential to promote neural repair after both central and peripheral nervous system *** studies have shown that OEC transplantation is safe and can promote recovery after spinal cord injury(SCI),both in animal models and in human clinical *** date,a variety of injury types and time-points after injury,as well as different delivery methods,have been *** have been encouraging(in rodent models including,for example,restoration of locomotion,breathing and climbing ability along with induction of axonal sprouting and some axonal regeneration)but highly variable(Barnett and Riddell,2007;Gomez et al.,2018).

关键词： injuries injury limitations

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Understanding the oxidation chemistry of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)sheets and their catalytic performances

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 437-445,I0010页

作者： Suvdanchimeg Sunderiya Selengesuren Suragtkhuu Solongo Purevdorj Tumentsereg Ochirkhuyag Munkhjargal Bat-Erdene Purevlkham Myagmarsereejid Ashley DSlattery Abdulaziz SRBati Joseph GShapter Dorj Odkhuu Sarangerel Davaasambuu Munkhbayar Batmunkh Department of Chemistry Division of Natural SciencesSchool of Arts and SciencesNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatar 14200Mongolia Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityNathan campusBrisbaneQueensland 4111Australia Department of Physics Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Republic of Korea Australian institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia Adelaide Microscopy The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia 5005Australia Centre for Organic Photonics&Electronics School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia

Transition metal carbides and nitrides(MXenes)nanosheets are attractive two-dimensional(2D)materials,but they suffer from oxidation/degradation issues during storage and/or applications due to their sensitivity to water and *** the great research progress,the exact oxidation kinetics of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)and their final products after oxidation are not fully ***,we systematically tracked the oxidation process of few-layer Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) nanosheets in an aqueous solution at room temperature over several *** also studied the oxidation effects on the electrocatalytic properties of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) for hydrogen evolution reaction and found that the overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)increases from 0.435 to 0.877 V after three weeks of degradation,followed by improvement to stabilized values of around 0.40 V after eight *** results suggest that severely oxidized MXene could be a promising candidate for designing efficient *** to our detailed experimental characterization and theoretical calculations,unlike previous studies,black titanium oxide is formed as the final product in addition to white Ti(IV)oxide and disordered carbons after the complete oxidation of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).This work presents significant advancements in better understanding of 2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)oxidation and enhances the prospects of this material for various applications.

关键词： 2D materials MXene Chemical degradation Catalysis Hydrogen evolution reaction

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