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Does Hepatitis E Virus Need to Be Considered as a Re-Emerging Problem in Both Industrialized and Developing Countries?

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2018年第10期11卷 275-288页

作者： Ziyue Zhang Tong Wu Miranda Zhong Jiawen Xiao Ziyu Dong Beijing No. 101 Middle School Beijing China Suzhou Singapore International School Suzhou China BASIS International School Shenzhen China Arrowhead christian academy Redlands CA United States Wuhan Institute of Biological Engineering Wuhan China

Hepatitis E caused by the Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) is a liver disease resulting in over 20 million cases every year. Hepatitis E is now considered by some scientists as an emerging issue as HEV is not only prevalent in developing countries but is increasingly detected in industrialized nations. In this paper, we try to provide evidence for this notion and what actions may need to be implemented to prevent further spreading of HEV. The prevalence of HEV, including its distinct genotype distribution in different geographic regions (including both developing countries and industrialized countries) will be discussed;further discussions of HEV treatments will include the availability and the mechanism of HEV vaccines and antiviral treatments used to treat and contain the disease. Additionally, the prevention and spreading of Hepatitis E disease will be discussed in the later section of the paper. With the presentation of HEV transmission route, infection regions, and treatment, we aim to raise the awareness of the general public toward this liver disease and discuss whether the high prevalence disease is an emerging disease worldwide. According to the data we collected, the rate of HEV infection is high and shows a trend of increasing, which leads to our conclusion and proves our hypothesis that Hepatitis E is a re-emerging disease.

关键词： Hepatitis E Virus Virology Transmission Prevention Treatment

Deriving Temporal and Vertical Distributions of Methane in Xianghe Using Ground-based Fourier Transform Infrared and Gas-analyzer Measurements

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2020年第6期37卷 597-607页

作者： Denghui JI Minqiang ZHOU Pucai WANG Yang YANG Ting WANG Xiaoyu SUN christian HERMANS Bo YAO Gengchen WANG Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy Brussels 1180Belgium University of Chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Meteorological Observation Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Methane(CH4)is one of the most important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere,making it worthwhile to study its temporal and vertical distributions in source areas,e.g.,North *** this purpose,a ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR),the Bruker IFS 125 HR,along with an in-situ instrument,the Picarro G2301,were deployed in Xianghe County(39.8°N,117.0°E),Hebei Province,*** have been recorded since *** the FTIR measurements,we used two observation modes to retrieve the mole fraction of CH4:the Total Carbon Column Observing Network(TCCON)method(retrieval algorithm:GGG2014),and the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change(NDACC)method(retrieval algorithm:SFIT4).Combining FTIR with in-situ measurements,we found the temporal and vertical distributions of atmospheric CH4 within three vertical layers(near the ground,in the troposphere,and in the stratosphere),and throughout the whole *** the diurnal variation of CH4 near the ground,the concentration at night was higher than during the *** the seasonal variation,CH4 was low in spring and high in summer,for all three vertical *** addition,there was a peak of CH4 in winter near the ground,both in the troposphere and the whole *** found that variation of CH4 in the tropospheric column was close to that of the in-situ measurements near the ***,the variations of CH4 in the stratospheric column could be influenced by vertical motions,since it was higher in summer and lower in winter.

关键词： winter Vertical column

Developmental differences between a Chinese and a North American isolate of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus(Tylenchida:Aphelenchoididae) under laboratory conditions

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2017年第8期60卷 921-923页

作者： Shuai Zhang Jing Ning Wei Zhang christian Salcedo Lilin Zhao State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant ProtectionChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Life Science Hebei University

Dear Editor, The pinewood nematode （PWN） Bursaphelenchus xylophilus （Steiner and Buhrer, 1934） Nickle, 1970, the causal agent of Pine Wilt Disease （PWD）, is an invasive species known to have originated from North America, where it was not re- ported to cause large-scale outbreaks （Wingfield et al., 1984）. Ecological conditions encountered by B. xylophilus in China are different from conditions in its native North American range. Ecological differences, together with short generation times, improve the chances that changes in developmental traits may occur during lengthy invasive processes.

关键词：松材线虫发生发育北美洲实验室条件中国垫刃目分离世代时间

Hydrological mass variations in the Nile River Basin from grace and hydrological models

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2019年第6期10卷 430-438页

作者： Mostafa Abd-Elbaky Shuanggen Jin Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200030China University of Chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100084China Civil Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringMinia UniversityMinia6111Egypt

Terrestrial water storage(TWS)change is a key component of the global water cycle and hydrologic ***,it is of significance to quantify TWS variations at large scale and understand how the climate changes affect in the water systems,particularly in the Nile River *** this study,TWS variations in the Nile River Basin are estimated and investigated from January 2003 to August 2016 by using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(grace).Also,the Global Land Data Assimilation System(GLDAS)and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)are used to understand the causes of the TWS variations in the Nile River Basin(NRB).The peak of precipitation has happened in July and *** one month the appearance of the influence of precipitation on soil moisture is *** the other hand,after two months the same effect of precipitation in TWS is *** the peak of soil moisture has occurred in August and September,the maximum of TWS has observed in September and *** maximum annual TWS from grace measurements is 42.66 mm in NRB during September-November(autumn),and its minimum is-33.77 mm during March-May(spring).Also,the maximum annual soil moisture is 25.22 mm in NRB during September-November(autumn),and its minimum is-23.34 mm during March-May(spring)while the peak precipitation is 100.11 mm during June-August(summer)and its minimum is 14.62 mm during December-February(winter).The trend of TWS variations in NRB is 0.04 mm/yr from ***,the TWS variations are mainly dominated by the soil moisture in the Nile River Basin with the correlation coefficient of *** addition,the correlation factor between the non-seasonal TWS and ScPDSI is 0.60,indicating that grace-derived TWS well capture the most severe droughts occurred in 2006 and 2011.

关键词： Terrestrial water storage Nile River Basin grace TRMM Climate change

Long-term and inter-annual mass changes of Patagonia Ice Field from grace

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Geodesy and Geodynamics 2019年第2期10卷 100-109页

作者： Jin Li Jianli Chen Shengnan Ni Lu Tang Xiaogong Hu Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Space Research University of Texas at Austin School of Communication and Information Engineering Shanghai University

Using more than 14 years of grace(Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite gravimetry observations, we estimate the ice loss rate for the Patagonia Ice Field(PIF) of South America. After correcting the effects of glacier isostatic adjustment(GIA) and hydrological variations, the ice loss rate is -23.5 ± 8.1 Giga ton per year(Gt/yr) during the period April 2002 through December 2016, equivalent to an average ice thickness change of-1.3 m/yr if evenly distributed over PIF. The PIF ice mass change series also show obvious inter-annual variations during the entire period. For the time spans April 2002 to December 2007, January 2008 to December 2012 and January 2013 to December 2016, the ice loss rates are -26.4,-9.0 and -25.0 Gt/yr, respectively, indicating that the ice melting experienced significant slowing down and accelerating again in the past decade. Comparison with time series from temperature and precipitation data over PIF suggests that the inter-annual ice losses might not be directly correlated with the temperature changes and precipitation anomalies, and thus their interrelation is intricate. However, the dramatic ice loss acceleration in 2016(with more than 100 Gt within the first half of the year) appears closely related with the evident temperature increase and severe precipitation shortage over 2016, which are likely correlated with the strong E1 Nino event around 2016. Moreover, we compare the grace spherical harmonic(SH) and mass concentration(Mascon) solutions in estimating the PIF ice loss rate, and find that the Mascon result has larger uncertainty in leakage error correction,while the SH solutions can better correct leakage errors based on a constrained forward modeling iterative method. Thus the grace SH solutions with constrained forward modeling recovery are recommended to evaluating the ice mass change of PIF or other glacier regions with relatively smaller spatial scales.

关键词： grace Spherical harmonic solution Mascon solution Patagonia Ice Field Inter-annual mass change

Global Freshwater Storage Capability across Time Scales in the grace Satellite Era

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第6期38卷 905-917页

作者： Enda ZHU Xing YUAN Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia(RCE-TEA) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Hydrology and Water Resources Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Freshwater is recharged mainly by rainfall and stored inland for a period of time,which is directly affected by its storage *** storage capability of river basins has different spatiotemporal features that are important for the predictability of freshwater ***,the estimation of freshwater storage capability(FSC)remains a challenge due to the lack of observations and quantification ***,we use a metric that characterizes hydrological“inertia”after rainfalls to analyze FSC over the 194 largest global major river basins based on satellite observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(grace)and simulations from the Community Land Model version 5(CLM5).During 2003–16,the global land was observed to retain 28%of precipitation after one month based on grace observations,and the simulation depicts that the retained proportions decrease from 42%after one day to 26%after one month,with smaller FSC partly attributed to wetter conditions and higher vegetation *** root zone contributes about 40%to the global land FSC on daily to monthly time *** the time scale increases,the contribution from the surface soil decreases from 26%to 14%,while the contribution from the deep soil increases from 4%to 10%.Snow contributes over 20%of land FSC,especially over high *** six decades of CLM5 long-term simulations,it is revealed that the change of FSC in most basins is related to internal climate *** FSC of river basins which displays the proportion of precipitation retained on land is worthy of further attention regarding the predictability of water resources.

关键词： freshwater grace land surface model soil moisture climate variability storage capability

Carbon dioxide exchange processes over the grassland ecosystems in semiarid areas of China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2012年第4期55卷 644-655页

作者： DU Qun LIU HuiZhi WANG Lei HUANG JianPing ZHANG Wu christian BERNHOFER State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Graduate University of Chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Atmospheric Sciences Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology Dresden University of TechnologyDresden 01737Germany

Based on the carbon fluxes measured over the grassland ecosystems in Inner Mongolia （UG79 site）, Loess Plateau （SACOL site）, and Tongyu, Jilin Province （TY site） in the semiarid areas from 2007 to 2008 with the eddy covariance method, we have investigated the carbon exchange processes over semiarid grassland ecosystem and its main affecting environmental variables. The precipitations at UG79 and TY sites in 2007 were below the historical average, especially for TY site, which was 50% be- low the historical average annual precipitation. The precipitation in SACOL site was close to average in 2007 but below average in 2008. The variation of monthly diurnal average NEE showed that the diurnal mean NEE decreased in the order of TY site, UG79 site, and SACOL site. However, a longer net carbon uptake period was observed at SACOL site. The diurnal course of NEE at UG79 site was similar between 2007 and 2008. The diurnal average NEE remained large during July and August in growing sea- son （May to September） at UG79 site, with maximum values approaching 0.08 mg C m^-2 s^-1 in August of 2008. The diurnal av- erage NEE of 2007 was larger than 2008 at SACOL site, with maximum values of 0.07 mg C m^-2 sq in September of 2007. A shorter carbon uptake period was recorded in 2007 at TY site, lasting from July to August. A larger diurnal average NEE oc- curred in 2008 at TY site, with maximum values of 0.12 mg C m^-2 s^-1. The ecosystem respirations of three sites were controlled by both soil temperature and soil volumetric water content （at a depth of 5 cm below the land surface）. Both UG79 site and SACOL site acted as a carbon sink during the growing periods of 2007 and 2008. Annual NEE in the growing seasons of 2007 and 2008 ranged from -68 to -50 g C m^-2 at UG79 site and from -109 to -55 g C m^-2at SACOL site. Alternation between car- bon source and carbon sink was found at TY site, with respective values of annual NEE in the growing seasons of 0.32 g C m^-2 and -73 g C m^-2 i

关键词： semiarid grassland ecosystem carbon flux eddy covariance method

Genome architecture and tetrasomic inheritance of autotetraploid potato

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Molecular Plant 2022年第7期15卷 1211-1226页

作者： Zhigui Bao Canhui Li Guangcun Li Pei Wang Zhen Peng Lin Cheng Hongbo Li Zhiyang Zhang Yuying Li Wu Huang Mingwang Ye Daofeng Dong Zhukuan Cheng Peter VanderZaag Evert Jacobsen christian W.B.Bachem Suomeng Dong Chunzhi Zhang Sanwen Huang Qian Zhou Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120China Key Laboratory for Potato Biology of Yunnan Province The CAAS-YNNU-YINMORE Joint Academy of Potato ScienceYunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500China Institute of Vegetables and Flowers Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Tuber and Root CropMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing100081.China Plant Breeding Wageningen University and ResearchDroevendaalsesteeg 16708 PB Wageningenthe Netherlands Vegetable Research Institute Shandong Academy of Agricultural SciencesJinan 250100China State Key Lab of Plant Genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyInnovation Academy for Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Sunrise Potato Storage Ltd. AllistonON L9R1V3Canada Department of Plant Pathology and Key Laboratory of Plant Immunity Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Peng Cheng Laboratory Shenzhen 518055China

Potato(Solanum tuberosum)is the most consumed non-cereal food *** commercial potato cultivars are autotetraploids with highly heterozygous genomes,severely hampering genetic analyses and *** leveraging the state-of-the-art sequencing technologies and polyploid graph binning,we achieved a chromosome-scale,haplotype-resolved genome assembly of a cultivated potato,Cooperation-88(C88).lntra-haplotype comparative analyses revealed extensive sequence and expression differences in this tetraploid *** identified haplotype-specific pericentromeres on chromosomes,suggesting a distinct evolutionary trajectory of potato homologous ***,we detected double reduction events that are unevenly distributed on haplotypes in 1021 of 1034 selfing progeny,a feature of autopolyploid *** distinguishing maternal and paternal haplotype sets in C88,we simulated the origin of heterosis in cultivated tetraploid with a survey of 3110 tetra-allelic loci with deleterious mutations,which were masked in the heterozygous condition bytwo *** study provides insights into the genomic architecture of autopolyploids and will guide their breeding.

关键词： potato genome polyploid genome haplotype-resolved assembly haplotype diversity potato centromere

grace terrestrial water storage data assimilation based on the ensemble four-dimensional variational method PODEn4DVar:Method and validation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第12期58卷 371-384页

作者： SUN Qin XIE ZhengHui TIAN XiangJun State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics(LASG) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese academy of Sciences Numerical Weather Prediction Center China Meteorological Administration

Seasonal and interannual changes in the Earth's gravity field are mainly due to mass exchange among the atmosphere,ocean,and continental water *** terrestrial water storage changes,detected as gravity changes by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(grace) satellites,are mainly caused by precipitation,evapotranspiration,river transportation and downward infiltration *** this study,a land data assimilation system LDAS-G was developed to assimilate the grace terrestrial water storage(TWS) data into the Community Land Model(CLM3.5) using the POD-based ensemble four-dimensional variational assimilation method PODEn4 DVar,disaggregating the grace large-scale terrestrial water storage changes vertically and in time,and placing constraints on the simulation of vertical hydrological variables to improve land surface hydrological *** ideal experiments conducted at a single point and assimilation experiments carried out over China by the LDAS-G data assimilation system showed that the system developed in this study improved the simulation of land surface hydrological variables,indicating the potential of grace data assimilation in large-scale land surface hydrological research and applications.

关键词： data assimilation land surface model terrestrial water storage ensemble four-dimensional variational data assimilation method