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Single-cell and spatial omics:exploring hypothalamic heterogeneity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1525-1540页

作者： Muhammad Junaid Eun Jeong Lee Su Bin Lim Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical sciences Graduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea

Elucidating the complex dynamic cellular organization in the hypothalamus is critical for understanding its role in coordinating fundamental body functions. Over the past decade, single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly evolved, overcoming initial technical challenges in capturing and analyzing individual cells. These high-throughput omics technologies now offer a remarkable opportunity to comprehend the complex spatiotemporal patterns of transcriptional diversity and cell-type characteristics across the entire hypothalamus. Current single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods comprehensively quantify gene expression by exploring distinct phenotypes across various subregions of the hypothalamus. However, single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing requires isolating the cell/nuclei from the tissue, potentially resulting in the loss of spatial information concerning neuronal networks. Spatial transcriptomics methods, by bypassing the cell dissociation, can elucidate the intricate spatial organization of neural networks through their imaging and sequencing technologies. In this review, we highlight the applicative value of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in exploring the complex molecular-genetic diversity of hypothalamic cell types, driven by recent high-throughput achievements.

关键词： cellular diversity hypothalamus multi-omics single-cell transcriptomics spatial transcriptomics

Regression analysis of squeezing-induced hybrid nanofluid flow in Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium

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applied mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2025年第1期46卷 193-208页

作者： K.MUHAMMAD M.SARFRAZ Department of Humanities and sciences School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science National University of Sciences and Technology Department of mathematics Quaid-i-Azam University

This article presents a mathematical model addressing a scenario involving a hybrid nanofluid flow between two infinite parallel plates. One plate remains stationary, while the other moves downward at a squeezing velocity. The space between these plates contains a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. A mixture of water-based fluid with gold(Au) and silicon dioxide(Si O2) nanoparticles is formulated. In contrast to the conventional Fourier's heat flux equation, this study employs the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux equation. A uniform magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the flow direction, invoking magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) effects. Further, the model accounts for Joule heating, which is the heat generated when an electric current passes through the fluid. The problem is solved via NDSolve in MATHEMATICA. Numerical and statistical analyses are conducted to provide insights into the behavior of the nanomaterials between the parallel plates with respect to the flow, energy transport, and skin *** findings of this study have potential applications in enhancing cooling systems and optimizing thermal management strategies. It is observed that the squeezing motion generates additional pressure gradients within the fluid, which enhances the flow rate but reduces the frictional drag. Consequently, the fluid is pushed more vigorously between the plates, increasing the flow velocity. As the fluid experiences higher flow rates due to the increased squeezing effect, it spends less time in the region between the plates. The thermal relaxation, however, abruptly changes the temperature, leading to a decrease in the temperature fluctuations.

关键词： convective boundary condition Darcy-Forchheimer medium hybrid nanofluid Joule heating magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical solution squeezing flow regression analysis O361 O175.2

High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 107-115页

作者： Hanki Kim Bum Jun Kim Seungyon Koh Hyo Jin Cho Xuelian Jin Byung Gon Kim Jun Young Choi Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical sciences Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Neurology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Geriatrics The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuqianJiangsu ProvinceChina

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and ***-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain *** drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system *** it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system *** this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory *** targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

关键词： central nervous system damage-associated molecular pattern ethyl pyruvate glycyrhizzin high mobility group box 1 inflammation neural stem cells neurodevelopment oligodendrocyte progenitor cells redox status regeneration

De novo synthesis of atropisomeric benzofurans via Cu/SPDO complex catalyzed asymmetric formal [3 + 2] annulation

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期 174-180页

作者： Fan-Xiao Meng Xing-Yu Wang Ka Lu Ju-Song Yang Fu-Min Zhang Ai-Jun Ma Bao Du Yong-Qiang Tu State Key Laboratory of applied Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Lanzhou University school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University school of Biotechnology and Health sciences Wuyi University

Herein, the de novo synthesis of atropisomeric benzofurans through the Cu/spirocyclic-pyrrolidine-oxazoline(SPDO) complex catalyze asymmetric formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition between quinones and ynamides is explored, producing a range of structurally diverse axially chiral benzofurans in satisfactory yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations were applied to explain the possible reaction mechanism.

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Miyaoka-type inequalities for terminal threefolds with nef anti-canonical divisors

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Science China mathematics 2025年第1期 1-18页

作者： Masataka Iwai Chen Jiang Haidong Liu Department of mathematics Graduate School of ScienceOsaka University Shanghai Center for Mathematical sciences & school of Mathematical sciences Fudan University Department of mathematics Sun Yat-sen University

In this paper,we study Miyaoka-type inequalities on Chern classes of terminal projective 3-folds with nef anti-canonical *** X be a terminal projective 3-fold such that-KXis *** show that if c1（X） · c2（X）≠0,then c1（X） · c2（X） ≥ 1/252;if further X is not rationally connected,then c1（X） · c2（X） ≥ 4/5 and this inequality is *** order to prove this,we give a partial classification of such varieties along with many *** also study the nonvanishing of c1（X）dim X-2· c2（X） for terminal weak Fano varieties and prove a Miyaoka-Kawamata-type inequality.

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The secondary periodic element ■ and its applications

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Science China mathematics 2025年第1期 207-222页

作者： Jianguo Hong Xiangjun Wang Yu Zhang Science College Shijiazhuang University school of Mathematical sciences Nankai University Center for applied mathematics Tianjin University

Let p≥7 be a *** prove that ■ survives to E∞in the Adams-Novikov spectral ***,using the Thom map Φ:■,we can see that h0h3also survives to E∞in the classical Adams spectral *** an application of these results,we ...

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Establishing a new testing protocol of the electrochemical stability window for electric double-layer capacitors

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第01期 217-225页

作者： Ruilin Hou Xiaoxi Zhao Tingting Liang Qingyun Dou Shan Xu Xingbin Yan school of Materials Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Laboratory of Clean Energy Chemistry and Materials Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Engineering and applied sciences Nanjing University Center of Industrial Analysis and Testing Guangdong Academy of Science

The electrochemical stability window(ESW) is crucial for determining the energy density of electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs). However, current ESW testing protocols of EDLCs are strongly affected by artificial factors, thereby leading to unreliable result. To solve this problem, we first identify the key shortcomings of the traditional protocols by analyzing their test principles. Subsequently, taking an aqueous carbon-based EDLC as an example, we design a side reaction descriptor to represent the response difference in the charging capacitance to side reactions between the cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic chargedischarge methods. With the aid of this descriptor, we propose a new ESW testing protocol, which is not only able to completely avoid the adverse influence of subjective factors but also fully consider the operating condition limitations. The protocol can be extended from the single electrode to the full device. This work proposes a more rigorous definition of ESW and provides a reliable protocol for evaluating the ESW of EDLCs.

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Insights from an academic endeavor into central nervous system drug discovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1717-1718页

作者： Lieve van Veggel An M.Voets Tim Vanmierlo Rudy Schreiber BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Division of Translational NeuroscienceEuropean Graduate School of NeuroscienceSchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Section of Psychopharmacology Neuropsychology and PsychopharmacologyFaculty of Psychology and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands University MS Center(UMSC) Hasselt-PeltBelgium

Historically,"big pharma"did most central nervous system drug discovery R&D ***,in modern times their"management reductionism"resulted in disappointing pipelines and pharma resided to(late)development,regulatory approval,and marketing(Thong,2015).This had significant consequences for financing and executing research,resulting in a larger role for funding by governments and patient-organizations and a shift of research to academia(Mazzucato,2013).

关键词： academic approval consequences

A Robust Security Detection Strategy for Next Generation IoT Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第1期82卷 443-466页

作者： Hafida Assmi Azidine Guezzaz Said Benkirane Mourade Azrour Said Jabbour Nisreen Innab Abdulatif Alabdulatif Technology Higher school Essaouira Cadi Ayyad UniversityEssaouira44000Morocco IMIA Laboratory MSIA TeamFaculty of Sciences and TechniquesMoulay Ismail University of MeknesErrachidia50050Morocco CRIL-CNRS Artois UniversityLens62300France Department of Computer Science and Information Systems College of Applied SciencesAlMaarefa UniversityDiriyahRiyadh13713Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science College of ComputerQassim UniversityBuraydah52571Saudi Arabia

Internet of Things(IoT)refers to the infrastructures that connect smart devices to the Internet,operating *** connectivitymakes it possible to harvest vast quantities of data,creating new opportunities for the emergence of unprecedented *** ensure IoT securit,various approaches have been implemented,such as authentication,encoding,as well as devices to guarantee data integrity and *** these approaches,Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)is an actual security solution,whose performance can be enhanced by integrating various algorithms,including Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL),enabling proactive and accurate detection of *** study proposes to optimize the performance of network IDS using an ensemble learning method based on a voting classification *** combining the strengths of three powerful algorithms,Random Forest(RF),K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),and Support Vector Machine(SVM)to detect both normal behavior and different categories of *** analysis focuses primarily on the NSL-KDD dataset,while also integrating the recent Edge-IIoT dataset,tailored to industrial IoT *** results show significant enhancements on the Edge-IIoT and NSL-KDD datasets,reaching accuracy levels between 72%to 99%,with precision between 87%and 99%,while recall values and F1-scores are also between 72%and 99%,for both normal and attack *** the promising results of this study,it suffers from certain limitations,notably the use of specific datasets and the lack of evaluations in a variety of *** work could include applying this model to various datasets and evaluating more advanced ensemble strategies,with the aim of further enhancing the effectiveness of IDS.

关键词： IoT security intrusion detection RF KNN SVM EL NSL-KDD Edge-IIoT