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Single-cell and spatial omics:exploring hypothalamic heterogeneity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1525-1540页

作者： Muhammad Junaid Eun Jeong Lee Su Bin Lim Department of Biochemistry&Molecular Biology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical sciences Graduate School of Ajou UniversitySuwonSouth Korea Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea

Elucidating the complex dynamic cellular organization in the hypothalamus is critical for understanding its role in coordinating fundamental body functions. Over the past decade, single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly evolved, overcoming initial technical challenges in capturing and analyzing individual cells. These high-throughput omics technologies now offer a remarkable opportunity to comprehend the complex spatiotemporal patterns of transcriptional diversity and cell-type characteristics across the entire hypothalamus. Current single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing methods comprehensively quantify gene expression by exploring distinct phenotypes across various subregions of the hypothalamus. However, single-cell/single-nucleus RNA sequencing requires isolating the cell/nuclei from the tissue, potentially resulting in the loss of spatial information concerning neuronal networks. Spatial transcriptomics methods, by bypassing the cell dissociation, can elucidate the intricate spatial organization of neural networks through their imaging and sequencing technologies. In this review, we highlight the applicative value of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics in exploring the complex molecular-genetic diversity of hypothalamic cell types, driven by recent high-throughput achievements.

关键词： cellular diversity hypothalamus multi-omics single-cell transcriptomics spatial transcriptomics

Spatial Modeling Techniques for Characterizing Geomaterials: Deterministic *** Modeling for Single-Variable and Multivariate Analyses

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地球科学（中国地质大学学报） 2011年第2期36卷 209-226页

作者： Katsuaki Koike New frontier sciences Graduate School of Science and TechnologyKumamoto University

Sample data in the Earth and environmental sciences are limited in quantity and sampling location and therefore,sophisticated spatial modeling techniques are indispensable for accurate imaging of complicated structures and properties of *** paper presents several effective methods that are grouped into two categories depending on the nature of regionalized data *** I data originate from plural populations and type II data satisfy the prerequisite of stationarity and have distinct spatial *** the type I data,three methods are shown to be effective and demonstrated to produce plausible results: (1) a spline-based method,(2) a combination of a spline-based method with a stochastic simulation,and (3) a neural network *** proves to be a powerful tool for type II *** new approaches of geostatistics are presented with case studies: an application to directional data such as fracture,multi-scale modeling that incorporates a scaling law,and space-time joint analysis for multivariate *** for improving the contribution of such spatial modeling to Earth and environmental sciences are also discussed and future important problems to be solved are summarized.

关键词：地质矿石矿产资源地球科学

High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 107-115页

作者： Hanki Kim Bum Jun Kim Seungyon Koh Hyo Jin Cho Xuelian Jin Byung Gon Kim Jun Young Choi Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical sciences Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Neurology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Geriatrics The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuqianJiangsu ProvinceChina

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and ***-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain *** drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system *** it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system *** this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory *** targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

关键词： central nervous system damage-associated molecular pattern ethyl pyruvate glycyrhizzin high mobility group box 1 inflammation neural stem cells neurodevelopment oligodendrocyte progenitor cells redox status regeneration

Saline Drinking Water and Salt in Diet:An Approximate Picture of the Situation in a Coastal Area of Southeastern Bangladesh

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第2期8卷 109-120页

作者： Maiko Sakamoto Department of International Studies Graduate School of Frontier SciencesThe University of Tokyo

Coastal areas of Bangladesh have been facing increasing salinity of surface water and *** study provides the approximate scope of the problem in a coastal area of southeastern Bangladesh by using less-accurate,but lower-cost salinity measuring devices that enable local people to assess the *** local women were employed to monitor 10 tube wells each on a weekly basis,from mid-February to mid-May,during the2016 dry *** Information System and time series clustering were used to visualize the spatial distribution and seasonal change of the salinity *** addition,the tube well users were asked about the salt consumption in their daily ***-third of the monitored tube wells were found to contain more sodium than the tolerable level in terms of taste suggested by the World Health ***,the mean salinity level across all monitored tube wells was much *** salinity level varied depending on the depth of the tube wells rather than their locations or altitudes,and those deeper than 200 m were likely to be salt *** results of the diet survey showed that wealthier households tended to use more salt in their daily diets,but at the same time they tended to have deeper tube wells that are less likely to contain high levels of sodium.

关键词： Bangladesh Climate change Drinking water salinity Participatory water monitoring

Highly active and stable supported Pd catalysts on ionic liquidfunctionalized SBA-15 for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling and transfer hydrogenation reactions

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Green Energy & Environment 2019年第2期4卷 180-189页

作者： Etty N.Kusumawati Takehiko Sasaki Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido University Department of Complexity Science and Engineering Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo

Highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of immobilized ionic liquid on mesoporous silica ***(2.4 nm)_me-Im@SBA-15 catalyst was prepared by the reduction using NaBH_4 as the reducing agent with controlled feed rate and has been investigated as ligand-free catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction at room temperature in aqueous solution under *** catalyst was also prepared in situ from PdCl4_me-Im@SBA-15 during the reaction and demonstrated high activity and stability towards nitrobenzene hydrogenation at high temperature. Both catalysts were reusable at least for four recycle processes without significant loss in activity with simple procedure. The catalysts were characterized by TEM, EXAFS, FTIR and XPS.

关键词： Palladium nanoparticle Ionic liquid SBA-15 Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling Hydrogenation

Phase Equilibrium for the CaO-SiO_2-FeO-P_2O_5 System at 1673K for Dephosphorization With Multi Phase Flux

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S2期18卷 84-86页

作者： Hiroyuki MATSUURA Fumitaka TSUKIHASHI graduate school of frontier sciences The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Chiba 277-8561 Japan

Development of the efficient hot metal dephosphorization processes during steelmaking process is one of the most essential topics for the production of high grade clean steels. Since the formation of solid solution composed of tricalcium phosphate and dicalcium silicate could obtain a considerable mass transfer of phosphorus from liquid slag into solid phase during hot metal dephosphorization, itcould obviously sustain a high phosphatecapacityof theliquid slag without huge consumption of lime or addition of fluxes, such as fluorite. The above outlines are the main idea of multi phase flux dephosphorization. For the last few decades, many studies have been done towards the scientific principles and the commercial utilization of this technique. However, the reaction mechanism by using multi phase fluxes remains unclear even by now due tolack of evidence. Based on those previous works, providing a reliable and available phase diagram for the fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanism of multi phase flux dephosphorization has become the main purpose of present research. As well known, the CaO-SiO2-FeO-P2O5 slag is the main component of current steelmaking process. Hence the CaO-SiO2-FeO-P2O5 system at equilibrium has been studied at 1673K with low oxygen partial pressure. The solid phase coexisting with liquid flux is approved to be the solid solution composed of CaO, SiO2 and P2O5. Phosphorus distributes mainly in solid solution rather than liquid phase.

关键词： steelmaking dephosphorization multi phase flux thermodynamics phase diagram

Can color vision variation explain sex differences in invertebrate foraging by capuchin monkeys?

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Current Zoology 2010年第3期56卷 300-312页

作者： Amanda D.MELIN Linda M.FEDIGAN Hilary C.YOUNG Shoji KAWAMURA Department of Anthropology University of Calgary Department of Biological sciences University of Calgary Department of Integrated Biosciences Graduate School of Frontier SciencesUniversity of Tokyo

Invertebrates are the main source of protein for many small-to-medium sized monkeys. Prey vary in size, mobility, degree of protective coveting, and use of the forest, i.e. canopy height, and whether they are exposed or embed themselves in substrates. Sex-differentiation in foraging patterns is well documented for some monkey species and recent studies find that color vision phenotype can also affect invertebrate foraging. Since vision phenotype is polymorphic and sex-linked in most New World monkeys - males have dichromatic vision and females have either dichromatic or trichromatic vision - this raises the possibility that sex differences are linked to visual ecology. We tested predicted sex differences for invertebrate foraging in white-faced capuchins Cebus capucinus and conducted 12 months of study on four free-ranging groups between January 2007 and September 2008. We found both sex and color vision effects. Sex： Males spent more time foraging for invertebrates on the ground. Females spent more time consuming embedded, colonial invertebrates, ate relatively more ＂soft＂ sedentary invertebrates, and devoted more of their activity budget to invertebrate foraging. Color Vision： Dichromatic monkeys had a higher capture efficiency of ex- posed invertebrates and spent less time visually foraging. Trichromats ate relatively more ＂hard＂ sedentary invertebrates. We con- elude that some variation in invertebrate foraging reflects differences between the sexes that may be due to disparities in size, strength, reproductive demands or niche preferences. However, other intraspecific variation in invertebrate foraging that might be mistakenly attributed to sex differences actually reflects differences in color vision [Current Zoology 56 （3）： 300-312, 2010].

关键词： Male Foraging Female Foraging Cebus Dichromacy Trichromaey Invertebrate Foraging

Miyaoka-type inequalities for terminal threefolds with nef anti-canonical divisors

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Science China Mathematics 2025年第01期 1-18页

作者： Masataka Iwai Chen Jiang Haidong Liu Department of Mathematics Graduate School of ScienceOsaka University Shanghai Center for Mathematical sciences & school of Mathematical sciences Fudan University Department of mathematics Sun Yat-sen University

In this paper,we study Miyaoka-type inequalities on Chern classes of terminal projective 3-folds with nef anti-canonical *** X be a terminal projective 3-fold such that-KXis *** show that if c1（X） · c2（X）≠0,then c1（X） · c2（X） ≥ 1/252;if further X is not rationally connected,then c1（X） · c2（X） ≥ 4/5 and this inequality is *** order to prove this,we give a partial classification of such varieties along with many *** also study the nonvanishing of c1（X）dim X-2· c2（X） for terminal weak Fano varieties and prove a Miyaoka-Kawamata-type inequality.

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Insights from an academic endeavor into central nervous system drug discovery

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1717-1718页

作者： Lieve van Veggel An M.Voets Tim Vanmierlo Rudy Schreiber BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute Faculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology Division of Translational NeuroscienceEuropean Graduate School of NeuroscienceSchool for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands Section of Psychopharmacology Neuropsychology and PsychopharmacologyFaculty of Psychology and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands University MS Center(UMSC) Hasselt-PeltBelgium

Historically,"big pharma"did most central nervous system drug discovery R&D ***,in modern times their"management reductionism"resulted in disappointing pipelines and pharma resided to(late)development,regulatory approval,and marketing(Thong,2015).This had significant consequences for financing and executing research,resulting in a larger role for funding by governments and patient-organizations and a shift of research to academia(Mazzucato,2013).

关键词： academic approval consequences