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Influence of indoor airflow on airborne disease transmission in a classroom

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Building Simulation 2024年第3期17卷 355-370页

作者： Mojtaba Zabihi Ri Li Joshua Brinkerhoff School of engineering Faculty of Applied ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaKelownaCanada

It has been widely accepted that the most effective way to mitigate airborne disease transmission in an indoor space is to increase the ventilation airflow,measured in air change per hour(ACH).However,increasing ACH did not effectively prevent the spread of *** better understand the role of ACH and airflow large-scale patterns,a comprehensive fully transient computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation of two-phase flows based on a discrete phase model(DPM)was performed in a university classroom setting with people *** investigations encompass various particle sizes,ventilation layouts,and flow *** findings demonstrated that the particle size threshold at which particles are deemed airborne is highly influenced by the background flow strength and large-scale flow pattern,ranging from 5µm to 10µm in the cases *** effects of occupants are significant and must be precisely accounted for in respiratory particle transport *** enhanced ventilation design(UFAD-CDR)for university classrooms is introduced that places a premium on mitigating airborne disease *** to the baseline design at the same ACH,this design successfully reduced the maximum number density of respiratory particles by up to 85%.A novel airflow-related parameter,Horizontality,is introduced to quantify and connect the large-scale airflow pattern with indoor aerosol *** underscores that ACH alone cannot ensure or regulate air *** addition to the necessary ACH for air exchange,minimizing horizontal bulk motion is essential for reducing aerosol transmissibility within the room.

关键词： aerosol transmission airflow pattern horizontality COVID-19 simulation classroom ventilation

Non-Kramers doublet ground state in a quaternary cubic compound PrRu_(2)In_(2)Zn_(18) investigated by ultrasonic measurements

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第6期33卷 405-411页

作者：张化远 Kazuhei Wakiya Mitsuteru Nakamura Masahito Yoshizawa Yoshiki Nakanish graduate School of science and engineering Iwate UniversityMorioka 020-8551Japan

We performed ultrasonic measurements on a quaternary cubic compound PrRu_(2)In_(2)Zn_(18) to explore the ground state properties derived from non-Kramers Γ_(3) doublet of Pr^(3+).PrRu_(2)In_(2)Zn_(18) is a quaternary derivative of the ternary compound PrRu_(2)Zn_(20) that exhibits a structural phase transition at T_S=138 *** PrRu_(2)In_(2)Zn_(18),the Zn atoms at the 16c site in PrRu_(2)Zn_(20) are selectively replaced by In atoms.A monotonic increase was observed in the temperature dependence of elastic constants C_L=(C_(11)+2C_(12)+4C_(44))/3 and C_(T)=(C_(11)-C_(12)+C_(44))/3 in the temperature range around T_(S) to which an elastic softening was observed in(C_(11)-C_(12))/2 for PrRu_(2)Zn_(20).The disappearance of the softening indicates that the structural transition in PrRu_(2)Zn_(20) is suppressed by the substitution of Zn ions by In ones with a larger ionic ***,the C_(T) of PrRu_(2)In_(2)Zn_(18) exhibits a precursor Curie-type elastic softening toward low temperatures being responsible for the non-Kramers Γ_(3) ground *** discuss the ground state and the evolution of the elastic properties of the different single-crystal samples of PrRu_(2)In_(2)Zn_(18) grown under different conditions.

关键词： ultrasonic measurements non-Kramers doublet structural phase transition crystalline electric field effect

Introducing urea into tirapazamine derivatives to enhance anticancer therapy

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National science Review 2024年第4期11卷 245-253页

作者： Yajun Xu Jianlin Lv Chaoying Kong Ya Liu Kun Wang Zhaohui Tang Xuesi Chen Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences School of applied Chemistry and engineering University of Science and Technology of China

Tirapazamine（TPZ） has been approved for multiple clinical trials relying on its excellent anticancer ***,as a typical hypoxia-activated prodrug（HAP）,TPZ did not exhibit survival advantages in Phase Ⅲ clinical trials when used in combination therapy due to the insufficient hypoxia levels in patients' *** this study,to improve the therapeutic effects of TPZ,we first introduced urea to synthesize a series of urea-containing derivatives of *** urea-containing TPZ derivatives showed increased hypoxic cytotoxicity（9.51-30.85-fold） compared with TPZ,while maintaining hypoxic ***,one of these derivatives,showed 20-fold higher cytotoxicity than TPZ while maintaining a similar hypoxic cytotoxicity *** highly efficiently deliver TPZP to the tumors and reduce its side effects on healthy tissues,we further prepared TPZP into a nanodrug with fibrin-targeting ability:***4-NPs,a vascular disrupting agent,was used to increase the fibrin level within tumors and exacerbate tumor *** being combined with CA4-NPs,FT11-TPZP-NPs can accumulate in the hypoxia-aggravated tumors and activate sufficiently to kill tumor *** a single-dose treatment,FT11-TPZP-NPs+CA4-NPs showed a high inhibition rate of 98.1% against CT26 tumor models with an initial volume of ～480 mm3and four out of six tumors were completely eliminated;it thereby exerted a significant antitumor *** study provides a new strategy for improving the therapeutic effect of TPZ and other HAPs in anticancer therapy.

关键词： tirapazamine vascular disrupting agent hypoxia-activated prodrug combretastatin A4 urea

Large aperture disk standing-wave unstable resonator with intra-cavity adaptive correction

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Chinese Optics Letters 2024年第5期22卷 57-61页

作者：于益易家玉徐浏尚建力吴晶童立新高清松唐淳张卫陈磊 Department of Optical engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China graduate School of China Academy of engineering Physics Beijing 100193China institute of applied Electronics China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900China

An unstable resonator with seven large aperture ceramic disks and intra-cavity adaptive correction is *** composite ceramic disks with absorption rings were adopted to suppress amplified spontaneous *** intra-cavity aberration non-conjugate correction based on round-trip wavefront and relaxation iteration was applied in the *** tilt and defocus were corrected in turn,an average output power of 4.5 kW was *** corresponding beam quality factorβwas *** tilt,defocus,and high order aberrations were corrected,the average output power was increased to 5.4 kW,and the beam quality factorβwas improved to 6.8.

关键词： Nd:YAG disk unstable resonator intra-cavity adaptive optics composite ceramic

Advances in large viewing angle and achromatic 3D holography

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1224-1225页

作者： Jiaming Huang Yu Chen Guixin Li Department of Materials science and engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China institute for applied Optics and Precision engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

Optical holography is a promising technique to achieve a naked-eye 3D ***,the narrow viewing angle and chromatic aberration are the two key issues that usually limit the holographic display performance.A recent work proposes a novel way to circumvent these constraints by introducing a color liquid crystal grating into a timesequenced holography system.

关键词： angle chromatic holographic

Categorizing methods for integrating machine learning with executable specifications

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science China(Information sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 5-19页

作者： David HAREL Raz YERUSHALMI Assaf MARRON Achiya ELYASAF Department of Computer science and applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science Department of Software and Information Systems engineering Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

Deep learning(DL),which includes deep reinforcement learning(DRL),holds great promise for carrying out real-world tasks that human minds seem to cope with quite *** promise is already delivering extremely impressive results in a variety of ***,while DL-enabled systems achieve excellent performance,they are far from *** has been demonstrated,in several domains,that DL systems can err when they encounter cases they had not hitherto ***,the opacity of the produced agents makes it difficult to explain their behavior and ensure that they adhere to various requirements posed by human *** the other end of the software development spectrum of methods,behavioral programming(BP) facilitates orderly system development using self-standing executable modules aligned with how humans intuitively describe desired system *** this paper,we elaborate on different approaches for combining DRL with BP and,more generally,machine learning(ML) with executable specifications(ES).We begin by defining a framework for studying the various approaches,which can also be used to study new emerging approaches not covered *** then briefly review state-of-the-art approaches to integrating ML with ES,continue with a focus on DRL,and then present the merits of integrating ML with *** conclude with guidelines on how this categorization can be used in decision making in system development,and outline future research challenges.

关键词： machine learning artificial intelligence grey box learning domain knowledge rules behavioral programming deep reinforcement learning survey

GraphSTGAN:Situation understanding network of slow-fast high maneuvering targets for maritime monitor services of IoT data

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Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第3期10卷 620-630页

作者： Guanlin Wu Haipeng Wang Yu Liu You He Shenzhen International graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen518071China institute of Space science and applied Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen518055China Department of Electronic engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

With the rapid growth of the maritime Internet of Things(IoT)devices for Maritime Monitor Services(MMS),maritime traffic controllers could not handle a massive amount of data in *** unmanned MMS,one of the key technologies is situation ***,the presence of slow-fast high maneuvering targets and track breakages due to radar blind zones make modeling the dynamics of marine multi-agents difficult,and pose significant challenges to maritime situation *** order to comprehend the situation accurately and thus offer unmanned MMS,it is crucial to model the complex dynamics of multi-agents using IoT big ***,previous methods typically rely on complex assumptions,are plagued by unstructured data,and disregard the interactions between multiple agents and the spatial-temporal correlations.A deep learning model,Graph Spatial-Temporal Generative Adversarial Network(GraphSTGAN),is proposed in this paper,which uses graph neural network to model unstructured data and uses STGAN to learn the spatial-temporal dependencies and *** experiments show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.

关键词： Internet of things Multi-agents Graph neural network Maritime monitoring services

Deep bed filtration model for cake filtration and erosion

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applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第2期45卷 355-372页

作者： L.I.KUZMINA Y.V.OSIPOV A.R.PESTEREV Department of applied Mathematics HSE UniversityMoscow 101000Russia Department of Computer science and applied Mathematics Moscow State University of Civil EngineeringMoscow 129337Russia

Many phenomena in nature and technology are associated with the filtration of suspensions and colloids in porous media. Two main types of particle deposition,namely, cake filtration at the inlet and deep bed filtration throughout the entire porous medium, are studied by different models. A unified approach for the transport and deposition of particles based on the deep bed filtration model is proposed. A variable suspension flow rate, proportional to the number of free pores at the inlet of the porous medium, is considered. To model cake filtration, this flow rate is introduced into the mass balance equation of deep bed filtration. For the cake filtration without deposit erosion,the suspension flow rate decreases to zero, and the suspension does not penetrate deep into the porous medium. In the case of the cake filtration with erosion, the suspension flow rate is nonzero, and the deposit is distributed throughout the entire porous medium. An exact solution is obtained for a constant filtration function. The method of characteristics is used to construct the asymptotics of the concentration front of suspended and retained particles for a filtration function in a general form. Explicit formulae are obtained for a linear filtration function. The properties of these solutions are studied in detail.

关键词： deep bed filtration cake filtration porous medium particle deposition and erosion analytical solution concentration front

Microstructure and magnetocaloric properties of melt-extracted SmGdDyCoAl high-entropy amorphous microwires

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1234-1242页

作者： Shi-Jie Wei Hong-Xian Shen Lun-Yong Zhang Lin Luo Xin-Xing Tang Jian-Fei Sun Xiao-Qing Li School of Materials science and engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin150001China applied Materials Physics Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKTH-Royal Institute of Technology10044StockholmSweden

This paper presents a systematic investigation of the microstructure and magnetocaloric properties of melt-extracted Sm_(20)Gd_(20)Dy_(20)Co_(20)Al_(20)high-entropy *** fabricated wires exhibited an amorphous structure,and the temperature interval of the undercooled liquid AT was 45 *** microwires underwent a second-order magnetic transition from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state near the Curie temperature(T_(C)=52 K),The maximum magnetic entropy change(-ΔS_M^(max)),the relative cooling power and the refrigeration capacity reached 6.34 J·kg^(-1)·K^(-1).422.09 J·kg^(-1)and 332.94 J·kg^(-1),respectively,under a magnetic field change of 5 *** addition,the temperature-averaged entropy changes with two temperature lifts(3 and 10 K)were 6.32 and 6.27 J·kg^(-1)·K^(-1),*** good magnetocalorie performance highlights the significant potential for the Sm_(20)Gd_(20)Dy_(20)Co_(20)Al_(20)microwires to be used as magnetic refrigerant materials in low-temperature region *** work will serve as a valuable reference for future investigations on low-temperature high-entropy magnetocaloric materials.

关键词： Melt-extraction High-entropy amorphous microwires Magnetocaloric effect Magnetic refrigeration