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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第9期16卷 432-448页

作者： Yirong Wang Yaohui Cheng Chunchun Yin Jinming Zhang Jingxuan You Jizheng Wang Jinfeng Wang Jun Zhang Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100190People’s Republic of China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049People’s Republic of China Nanjing University Nanjing 210023People’s Republic of China Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200People’s Republic of China

In perovskite solar cells(PsCs),the inherent defects of perovskite film and the random distribution of excess lead iodide(PbI_(2))prevent the improvement of efficiency and ***,natural cellulose is used as the raw material to design a series of cellulose derivatives for perovskite crystallization *** cationic cellulose derivative C-Im-CN with cyano-imidazolium(Im-CN)cation and chloride anion prominently promotes the crystallization process,grain growth,and directional orientation of ***,excess PbI_(2)is transferred to the surface of perovskite grains or formed plate-like crystallites in local *** effects result in suppressing defect formation,decreasing grain boundaries,enhancing carrier extraction,inhibiting non-radiative recombination,and dramatically prolonging carrier ***,the PsCs exhibit a high power conversion efficiency of 24.71%.Moreover,C-Im-CN has multiple interaction sites and polymer skeleton,so the unencapsulated PsCs maintain above 91.3%of their initial efficiencies after 3000 h of continuous operation in a conventional air atmosphere and have good stability under high humidity *** utilization of biopolymers with excellent structure-designability to manage the perovskite opens a state-of-the-art avenue for manufacturing and improving PsCs.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells Defect passivation Biomass additives Crystal orientation

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Electron density measurement by the three boundary channels of HCOOH laser interferometer on the HL-3 tokamak

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第3期26卷 88-93页

作者：牟俊任李永高李远王再宏丁宝钢王浩西易江石中兵 southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041People's Republic of China East china Normal University Shanghai 200241People's Republic of China

Far-infrared(FIR)interferometer is widely used to measure the electron density in the magnetically confined fusion plasma devices.A new FIR laser interferometer with a total of 13 channels(8 horizontal channels and 5 oblique channels)is under development on the HL-3tokamak by using the formic-acid laser(HCOOH,f=694 GHz).In order to investigate the boundary electron density activity during the divertor discharge,three horizontal interferometry channels located at Z=-97,-76,76.5 cm have been successfully developed on HL-3 in 2023,and put into operation in recent experimental campaign,with a time resolution ofs and lineintegrated electron density resolution of~7.0×10^(16) m^(-2).This paper mainly focuses on the optical design of the three-channel interferometry system,as well as optical elements and recent experimental result on HL-3.

关键词： electron density interferometer HL-3

Plasma current tomography for HL-2A based on Bayesian inference

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第5期26卷 165-173页

作者：刘自结王天博吴木泉罗正平王硕孙腾飞肖炳甲李建刚 College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China southwestern Institute for Physics Chengdu 610200People’s Republic of China Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China University of science and Technology of china Hefei 230026People’s Republic of China

An accurate plasma current profile has irreplaceable value for the steady-state operation of the *** this study,plasma current tomography based on Bayesian inference is applied to an HL-2A device and used to reconstruct the plasma current *** different Bayesian probability priors are tried,namely the Conditional Auto Regressive(CAR)prior and the Advanced squared Exponential(AsE)kernel *** to the CAR prior,the AsE kernel prior adopts nonstationary hyperparameters and introduces the current profile of the reference discharge into the hyperparameters,which can make the shape of the current profile more flexible in *** results indicate that the AsE prior couples more information,reduces the probability of unreasonable solutions,and achieves higher reconstruction accuracy.

关键词： plasma current tomography Bayesian inference machine learning Gaussian distribution

superhydrophobic surface-Assisted Preparation of Microspheres and supraparticles and Their Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第4期16卷 110-138页

作者： Mengyao Pan Huijuan shao Yue Fan Jinlong Yang Jiaxin Liu Zhongqian Deng Zhenda Liu Zhidi Chen Jun Zhang Kangfeng Yi Yucai su Dehui Wang Xu Deng Fei Deng Institute of Fundamental and Frontier sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People’s Republic of China school of Materials science and Engineering Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510275People’s Republic of China shenzhen Institute for Advanced study University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaShenzhen 518110People’s Republic of China Pharmaceutical Glass Co.Ltd Zibo 256100People’s Republic of China Department of Nephropathy School of MedicineSichuan Provincial People’s HospitalUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduPeople’s Republic of China Department of Nephrology Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital Jinniu HospitalChengdu Jinniu District People’s HospitalChengduPeople’s Republic of China

superhydrophobic surface(sHs) has been well developed, as sHs renders the property of minimizing the water/solid contact interface. Water droplets deposited onto sHs with contact angles exceeding 150°, allow them to retain spherical shapes, and the low adhesion of sHs facilitates easy droplet collection when tilting the substrate. These characteristics make sHs suitable for a wide range of applications. One particularly promising application is the fabrication of microsphere and supraparticle materials. sHs offers a distinct advantage as a universal platform capable of providing customized services for a variety of microspheres and supraparticles. In this review, an overview of the strategies for fabricating microspheres and supraparticles with the aid of sHs, including cross-linking process, polymer melting,and droplet template evaporation methods, is first presented. Then, the applications of microspheres and supraparticles formed onto sHs are discussed in detail, for example, fabricating photonic devices with controllable structures and tunable structural colors, acting as catalysts with emerging or synergetic properties, being integrated into the biomedical field to construct the devices with different medicinal purposes, being utilized for inducing protein crystallization and detecting trace amounts of analytes. Finally,the perspective on future developments involved with this research field is given, along with some obstacles and opportunities.

关键词： superhydrophobic surface Microspheres and supraparticles Photonic devices Catalysts Biomedical and trace detections

Dynamic propagation velocity of a positive streamer in a 3 m air gap under lightning impulse voltage

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第4期26卷 114-121页

作者：李志伟雷挺苏宇姚修远杨冰雪刘德龙律方成丁玉剑 North china Electric Power University Beijing 102206People’s Republic of China china Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192People’s Republic of China

streamers represent an important stage in the initiation of gap discharge. In this work, we used an eight-frame intensified charge-coupled device camera to capture the streamer development process when a lightning impulse voltage of 95%–100% U50% was applied in a 3 m rod–plate gap and the streamer velocity was analyzed. Analysis of the observations shows that streamer velocity can be defined by three stages: rapid velocity decline(stage 1), rapid velocity rise(stage 2)and slow velocity decline(stage 3). The effects of electrode shape, applied voltage and gap breakdown or withstanding on streamer velocity were analyzed. The electrode with a larger radius of curvature will result in a higher initial velocity, and a higher voltage amplitude will cause the streamer to propagate faster at stage 3. Gap withstanding or breakdown has no obvious effect on streamer velocity. In addition, the experimental results are compared with previous results and the statistical characteristics of the primary streamer discharge are discussed.

关键词： lightning impulse 3 m air gap development process streamer velocity

A dual-route optical emission spectroscopy diagnostic with wide spectral range and high wavelength resolution on HL-2A tokamak

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第3期26卷 25-30页

作者：陈越高继昆龙婷聂林高金明马尧黄渊田文静刘延民朱晓东庄革钟武律许敏 school of Physical sciences School of Nuclear Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026People's Republic of China southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041People's Republic of China Tsinghua University Beijing 100084People's Republic of China

A dual-route optical emission spectroscopy(D-OEs)diagnostic is newly developed to monitor the optical emission from the X-point plasma region on the HL-2 A *** diagnostic is composed of an imaging system,a beam-splitting system for dual-route measurements,fiber bundles,a spectrometer system,and a control and acquisition *** route is used to obtain wide-spectral-range spectra,and the other route is used to acquire high-wavelengthresolution line *** spectral resolution of the wide-range spectrometers is 0.8 nm with a coverage of 800 nm(@200-1000 nm).The spectral resolution of the high-resolution spectrometer is 0.01 nm with a coverage of 6 nm(@200-660 nm).The spatial resolution of each route of D-OEs is about 4 cm with 11 *** temporal resolution is 16 ms at maximum in the single-channel ***-range spectra(containing Balmer series and a Fulcher band)and highly resolved Ha line shapes are obtained by D-OEs in the hydrogen glow discharge in the lab.D-OEs measurements are carried out in the high-density deuterium experiments of *** electron density n_(e)and deuterium temperature T_(D) in the X-point multifaceted asymmetric radiation from the edge(MARFE)region are derived simultaneously by fitting the measured D_(a) *** density n_(e)is observed to increase from~8.7×10^(18)m^(-3)to~7.8×10^(19)m^(-3),and the temperature T_(D)drops from~14.4 eV to~2.3 eV after the onset of MARFE in the discharge#38260.

关键词： optical emission spectroscopy Balmer series tokamak

Observation of Doppler shift f_(D) modulated by the internal kink mode using conventional reflectometry in the EAsT tokamak

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第3期26卷 1-9页

作者：李恭顺张涛耿康宁文斐叶凯萱徐立清朱翔张学习钟富彬周振杨书琪周子强喻琳兰婷王守信提昂张寿彪刘海庆李国强高翔 the EAsT Team Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People's Republic of China Advanced Energy Research Center Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People's Republic of China University of science and Technology of china Hefei 230026People's Republic of China

In this paper we present a new experimental observation using a conventional reflectometry technique,poloidal correlation reflectometry(PCR),in the Experimental Advanced superconducting Tokamak(EAsT).The turbulence spectrum detected by the PCR system exhibits an asymmetry and induced Doppler shift f_(D)during the internal kink mode(IKM)rotation *** Doppler shift f_(D)is the target measurement of Doppler reflectometry,but captured by conventional *** show that the Doppler shift f_(D)is modulated by the periodic changes in the effective angle between the probing wave and cutoff layer normal,but not by plasma *** fishbone mode and saturated long-lived mode are typical IKMs,and this modulation phenomenon is observed in both ***,the value of the Doppler shift f_(D)is positively correlated with the amplitude of the IKM,even when the latter is ***,the positive and negative frequency components of the Doppler shift f_(D)can be asymmetric,which is related to the plasma configuration.A simulated analysis is performed by ray tracing to verify these *** results establish a clear link between f_(D)and IKM rotation,and are helpful for studying the characteristics of IKM and related physical phenomena.

关键词： microwave reflectometry Doppler shift internal kink mode

Cleaning of two mirrors in the first mirror unit using radiofrequency capacitively coupled plasma

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第9期26卷 165-171页

作者： Chenxue WANG Rong YAN Yuming LIU su XU Lei MU Wei ZHENG Rui DING Junling CHEN Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China University of science and Technology of china Hefei 230026People’s Republic of China school of Computer Engineering Anhui Sanlian UniversityHefei 230601People’s Republic of China

First mirror(FM)cleaning,using radio frequency(RF)plasma,has been proposed to recover FM reflectivity in nuclear fusion reactors such as the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor(ITER).To investigate the influence of simultaneous cleaning of two mirrors on mirror cleaning efficiency and uniformity,experiments involving single-mirror cleaning and dual-mirror cleaning were conducted using RF capacitively coupled plasma in the *** the test and simultaneous cleaning of two mirrors,the FM and second mirror(sM),both measuring 110 mm×80 mm,were placed inside the first mirror unit(FMU).They were composed of 16 mirror samples,each with a dimension of 27.5 mm×20 *** mirror samples consist of a titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy substrate,a 500 nm Mo intermediate layer and a 30 nm Al_(2)O_(3) surface coating as a proxy for Be *** cleaning of a single first mirror(sFM)and the simultaneous cleaning of the FM and sM(DFM and DsM)lasted for 9 h using Ar plasma at a pressure of 1 *** total reflectivity of mirror samples on the DsM did not fully recover and varied with location,with a self-bias of−140 *** a self-bias of−300 V,the total reflectivity of mirror samples on the sFM and DFM was fully *** energy dispersive spectrometer results demonstrated that the Al_(2)O_(3) coating had been completely removed from these mirror ***,the mass loss of each mirror sample on the sFM and DFM before and after cleaning varied depending on its location,with higher mass loss observed for mirror samples located in the corners and lower loss for those in the *** with sM cleaning,the simultaneous cleaning of two mirrors reduced the difference between the highest and lowest mass ***,this mass loss for the mirror samples of the DFM facing the DsM was *** indicated that mirror samples cleaned face to face in the FMU simultaneously could influence each other,highlighting the need for special attention in

关键词： first mirror unit dual-mirror cleaning reflectivity sputtering rate

Development of a 2D spatial displacement estimation method for turbulence velocimetry of the gas puff imaging system on EAsT

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第3期26卷 17-24页

作者：李乐天刘少承颜宁刘晓菊高翔 Anhui University Hefei 230039People's Republic of China Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People's Republic of China

A gas puff imaging(GPI)diagnostic has been developed and operated on EAsT since 2012,and the time-delay estimation(TDE)method is used to derive the propagation velocity of fluctuations from the two-dimensional GPI ***,with the TDE method it is difficult to analyze the data with fast transient events,such as edge-localized mode(ELM).Consequently,a method called the spatial displacement estimation(sDE)algorithm is developed to estimate the turbulence velocity with high temporal *** on the sDE algorithm,we make some improvements,including an adaptive median filter and super-resolution *** the development of the algorithm,a straight-line movement and a curved-line movement are used to test the accuracy of the algorithm,and the calculated speed agrees well with preset *** sDE algorithm is applied to the EAsT GPI data analysis,and the derived propagation velocity of turbulence is consistent with that from the TDE method,but with much higher temporal resolution.

关键词： gas puff imaging spatial displacement estimation sDE edge turbulence velocity TDE EAsT tokamak

Analysis and verification of electrodynamic force,thermal stress and current sharing for CRAFT converter structure design

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Plasma science and Technology 2024年第8期26卷 104-111页

作者：王重马石朝毅张秀青卢文武张胜高先和许涛邵兴星黄连生 Hefei University Hefei 230000People’s Republic of China Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People’s Republic of China

In the design realm of fusion power supplies,structural components play a pivotal role in ensuring the safety of fusion *** verify the reliability of the converter structure design at the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology(CRAFT),meticulous analysis of the converter's dynamic impact is carefully performed based on the worst fault current(400k A),***,the thermal stress analysis based on the maximum allowable steadystate temperature is finished,and the equivalent thermal stress,thermal deformation,maximum shear stress of a single bridge arm and the whole converter are ***,a simple research method involving the current-sharing characteristics of a bridge arm with multithyristor parallel connection is proposed using a combination of simplorer with Q3D in *** results show that the current-sharing characteristics are ***,the structural design has been meticulously tailored to meet the established requirements.

关键词： electrodynamic analysis thermal stress current-sharing characteristics CRAFT