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Spatial Variation and Trend of Extreme Precipitation in Africa during 1981-2019 and Its Projected Changes at the End of 21^st Century

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第3期12卷 192-221页

作者： Fabien Habiyakare Tong Jiang Ibrahim Yahaya Daudi Ndabagenga James Kagabo Buda Su school of Atmospheric Sciences Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Rwanda Meteorology Agency (Meteo Rwanda) Kigali Rwanda Institute for Disaster Risk Management/school of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing China Department of Geography Gombe State University Gombe State Nigeria

This study comprehensively examines the patterns and regional variation of severe rainfall across the African continent, employing a suite of eight extreme precipitation indices. The analysis extends to the assessment of projected changes in precipitation extremes using five General Circulation Models (GCMs) from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) under four Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) scenarios at the long-term period (2081-2100) of the 21st century. Furthermore, the study investigates potential mechanisms influencing precipitation extremes by correlating extreme precipitation indices with oceanic system indices, specifically Ni?o 3.4 for El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Dipole Mode Index (DMI) for the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). The findings revealed distinct spatial distributions in mean trends of extreme precipitation indices, indicating a tendency toward decreased extreme precipitation in North Africa, Sahel region, Central Africa and the Western part of South Africa. Conversely, West Africa, East Africa and the Eastern part of South Africa exhibit an inclination toward increased extreme precipitation. The changes in precipitation extreme indices indicate a general rise in both the severity and occurrence of extreme precipitation events under all scenarios by the end of the 21st century. Notably, our analysis projects a decrease in consecutive wet days (CWD) in the far-future. Additionally, correlation analysis highlights significant correlation between above or below threshold rainfall fluctuation in East Africa and South Africa with oceanic systems, particularly ENSO and the IOD. Central Africa abnormal precipitation variability is also linked to ENSO with a significant negative correlation. These insights contribute valuable information for understanding and projecting the dynamics of precipitation extreme in Africa, providing a foundation for climate adaptation and mitigation efforts in the region.

关键词： Extreme Precipitation Mann-Kendall Trend Projections Oceanic System Africa

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Ethnopharmacological Potentials of Warburgia ugandensis on Antimicrobial Activities

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2021年第8期27卷 633-640页

作者： Denis Okello Youngmin Kang Korean Convergence Medicine Major University of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea gombe secondary school P.O.Box 192Butambala/MpigiUganda Herbal Medicine Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeon34054Republic of Korea

Warburgia ugandensis(***)is known by various names,including the East African greenheart,pepper bark tree,and Ugandan greenheart,and has a rich history of extensive use in the treatment of a host of human diseases in many African *** review is based on the botany and ethnopharmacological potentials of *** for the treatment of pneumonia,asthma,malaria,candidiasis,skin infections,human immunodeficiency virus opportunistic infections,diarrhea,and measles given the common use in the management of these *** from *** have strong antimicrobial activities against a broad spectrum of pathogens mainly because of the presence of abundant terpenoids,drimane,and coloratane type sesquditerpenoids amongst which are ugandensial,warburganal,mukaadial,and other secondary metabolites,such as tannins,flavonoids,saponins,steroids,and *** group of compounds gives the plant a high therapeutic *** on the review,there is a need for identification and isolation of the highly therapeutic phytochemical constituents and a drive for more preclinical and clinical trials to validate the safety and efficacy of the *** gives basis for the potential development of new therapeutic drugs from the plant.

关键词： Ethnopharmacological potential Warburgia ugandensis greenheart pharmacological activity review

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Occurrence of Fluoride in the Groundwater of Kaltungo Area and Environs, North Eastern Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第8期7卷 167-179页

作者： Shehu Mukkafa Jackson Makpane Ishaku Ibrahim Abdulkarim Kwami Ahmed Buba Seli Usman Adamu Abubakar Abdulwahab Mohammed Bello Usman Abubakar Musa Usman Bappa Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology Federal University Dutse Dutse Nigeria Department of Geology School of Physical Science Modibbo Adama University of Technology Yola Nigeria Geology Department Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria Departmentof Civil Engineering Adamawa State Polytechnic Yola Nigeria Departmentof Chemistry Gombe State University Gombe Nigeria

The aim of the study is to assess the occurrence of fluoride in the groundwater of Kaltungo area and environs. Consumption of high fluoride waters clearly manifests in the majority inhabitant of the area in form of dental fluorosis especially in the majority of the populace. Thirty groundwater samples were collected from hand-dug wells and boreholes using standard method and were analyzed to determine the fluoride level. The results revealed that the Fluoride in the waters ranges from 0.8 to 1.94 mg/l with a mean value of 1.65 mg/l. No clear variations in fluoride content have been observed in both the borehole samples and those from the hand-dug wells. Ca-Mg-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl are the two major water types obtained in the area, which have a good association with fluoride. Negative correlation is observed between fluoride and temperature, fluoride and magnesium, fluoride and potassium and poor correlation is observed between fluoride and chloride, fluoride and nitrate, fluoride and phosphates which rules out the possibility of anthropogenic source of the fluoride in the waters. Positive correlation between fluoride and iron, indicates that the presence of fluoride in the water is as a result of dissolution of biotite within the host rock (Basalt).

关键词： Anthropogenic Correlation Fluoride Kaltungo

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Energy-efficient Virtual Machine Allocation Technique Using Flower Pollination Algorithm in Cloud Datacenter:A Panacea to Green Computing

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2019年第2期16卷 354-366页

作者： Mohammed Joda Usman Abdul Samad Ismail Hassan Chizari Gaddafi Abdul-Salaam Ali Muhammad Usman Abdulsalam Yau Gital Omprakash Kaiwartya Ahmed Aliyu Department of Maths Bauchi State University GadauBauchi 81007Nigeria Department of Computer Science Universiti Teknology MalaysiaSkudai Johor 81310Malaysia school of Computing and Technology Park CampusUniversity of Gloucestershire Cheltenham GL50 4SHUK Department of Computer Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasi 00233Ghana Department of Maths and Computer Federal College of Education Technical GombeGombe 072158Nigeria Department of Maths Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University BauchiBauchi 81027Nigeria Department of Computer and Information Technology Northumbria UniversityNewcastle NE1SSTUK

Cloud computing has attracted significant interest due to the increasing service demands from organizations offloading computationally intensive tasks to ***,datacenter infrastructure comprises hardware resources that consume high amount of energy and give out carbon emissions at hazardous *** cloud datacenter,Virtual Machines(VMs)need to be allocated on various Physical Machines(PMs)in order to minimize resource wastage and increase energy *** allocation problem is *** finding an exact solution is complicated especially for large-scale *** this con text,this paper proposes an Energy-oriented Flower Pollination Algorithm(E-FPA)for VM allocation in cloud datacenter environments.A system framework for the scheme was developed to enable energy-oriented allocation of various VMs on a *** allocation uses a strategy called Dynamic Switching Probability(DSP).The framework finds a near optimal solution quickly and balances the exploration of the global search and exploitation of the local *** considers a processor,storage,and memory constraints of a PM while prioritizing energy-oriented allocation for a set of *** performed on MultiRecCloudSim utilizing planet workload show that the E-FPA outperforms the Genetic Algorithm for Power-Aware(GAPA)by 21.8%,Order of Exchange Migration(OEM)ant colony system by 21.5%,and First Fit Decreasing(FFD)by 24.9%.Therefore,E-FPA significantly improves datacenter performance and thus,enhances environmental sustainability.

关键词： virtualization green computing cloud datacenter energy optimization

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Effects of improved sanitation on diarrheal reduction for children under five in Idiofa,DR Congo:a cluster randomized trial

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1215-1226页

作者： Seungman Cha JaeEun Lee DongSik Seo Byoung Mann Park Paul Mansiangi Kabore Bernard Guy Jerome Nkay Mulakub-Yazho Honore Minka Famasulu Korea International Cooperation Agency 825 Daewangpangyo-roSujeong-guSeongnam-siGyeongi-doRepublic of Korea Department of Disease Control Faculty of Infectious and Tropical DiseaseLondon School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineKeppel Street London WC1E 7HTLondonUK Korea Environment Corporation 42 Hwangyeong-roSeo-guIncheonRepublic of Korea Kinshasa University 18 Denis streetYolo-Sud QuarterKalamu ZoneKinshasaDemocratic Republic of the Congo Water and Sanitation for Africa Ouaga 03Secteur 27441Rue NabaKiibaBoulsaOuagadougouBurkina Faso Service National d’Hydraulique Rurale Av.Colonel Lukusa No.111-112 C/GombeKinshasaDemocratic Republic of the Congo

Background:The lack of safe water and sanitation contributes to the rampancy of diarrhea in many developing ***:This study describes the design of a cluster-randomized trial in Idiofa,the Democratic Republic of the Congo,seeking evidence of the impact of improved sanitation on diarrhea for children under *** the 276 quartiers,18 quartiers were randomly allocated to the intervention or control *** hundred and-twenty households were sampled and the youngest under-four child in each household was registered for this *** primary endpoint of the study is diarrheal incidence,prevalence and duration in children under ***:Material subsidies will be provided only to the households who complete pit digging plus superstructure and roof construction,regardless of their income *** study employs a Sanitation Calendar so that the mother of each household can record the diarrheal episodes of her under-four child on a daily *** diary enables examination of the effect of the sanitation intervention on diarrhea duration and also resolves the limitation of the small number of clusters in the *** addition,the project will be monitored through the‘Sanitation Map’,on which all households in the study area,including both the control and intervention arms,are *** avoid information bias or courtesy bias,photos will be taken of the latrine during the household visit,and a supervisor will determine well-equipped latrine uptake based on the *** reduces the possibility of recall bias and under-or over-estimation of diarrhea,which was the main limitation of previous *** registration:The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the school of Public Health,Kinshasa University(ESP/CE/040/15;April 13,2015)and registered as an International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial(ISRCTN:10,419,317)on March 13,2015.

关键词： Sanitation Diarrhea Well-equipped latrine Sanitation calendar

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Weed Species Composition in Paddy Field of Usur Town,Bade Local Government,Yobe State,Nigeria

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Journal of Botanical Research 2023年第2期5卷 29-48页

作者： Mohammed Alhaji Bello Halima Mohammed Abba Umar Mohammed Department of Biological Science Education School of SciencesUmar Suleiman College of Education GashuaP.M.B.02Yobe StateNigeria Department of Botany Faculty of SciencesGombe State UniversityGombe State760211Nigeria Department of Agricultural Science Education School of Vocational EducationUmar Suleiman College of Education GashuaP.M.B.02Yobe StateNigeria

Farmers are eager to know the various types of weeds in paddy *** will help in choosing the best weed management practice for effective weed control as well as reducing rice yield *** objectives of the study are to identify the weeds species affecting the rice field,to assess the composition of weeds species,to classify the weed species into different families,genera,species,common names,Hausa names,lifecycles,life forms,native/exotic species,propagation and uses,and to determine the dominant weed *** vegetation surveys were *** observed were photographed,and prepared as herbarium *** key manuals and checklists were utilized for weed identification and later organized using the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group(APG)classification system.A total number of 72 plants species distributed within 16 families and 50 genera were *** annuals(66.67%)were the dominant weed followed by perennials(33.33%)while biennials were the *** broad leaves were the dominant weed(44.61%)identified followed by Poaceae(27.7%)and Sedges(11.11%).Results obtained from this study could be useful in choosing the best management practice and in making a decision on the choice of herbicides and directing research towards improved weed control measures.

关键词： Rice Dominant weeds Exotic species Native species Weed classification

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Quantification of Annual Urban Growth of Dar es Salaam Tanzania from Landsat Time Series Data

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2017年第3期6卷 175-191页

作者： Kamara Emanuel gombe Ichio Asanuma Jong-Geol Park Graduate school of Informatics Tokyo University of Information Sciences Chiba Japan

The information on urban land cover distribution and its dynamics is useful for understanding urbanization and its impacts on the hydrological cycle, water management, surface energy balances, urban heat island, and biodiversity. This study utilizes machine learning, texture variables and spectral bands to quantify the urban growth annually. We used multi-temporal Landsat satellite image sets from 2007 to 2016 and Random Forest classification to map urban land-use in Dar es Salaam. We also applied Annual classification approach to detect the spatiotemporal patterns of urban areas. This approach improved classification accuracy and aided in understanding the urban land-use system dynamics operating in our study area. The results pointed out that, the total built-up areas have grown from 318 km2, 388.6 km2 and 634.7 km2 in 2007, 2012 and 2016 respectively. The built up areas growth rate is almost 8%, which makes Dar es Salaam be among the fastest growing cities in Africa. The results indicate that, combining spectral bands, texture variables (NDVI BCI, MNDWI) and annual classification map approach was sufficient to map the urban areas. The approach applied in this research provides a useful guide to the urban growth studies and may also serve as a tool for land management planners.

关键词： Random Forest Annual Classification Map Texture Analysis Dar es Salaam

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