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Analysis and design of axially loaded piles in rock

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第3期11卷 535-548页

作者： C.M.Haberfield A.L.E.Lochaden Golder Associates Pty.Ltd. MelbourneAustralia

Despite significant advancements in in situ test techniques,construction practices,understanding of rock joint and rock mass behaviours,and numerical analysis methods,the design of bored concrete cast-insitu piles in rock is still largely based on the assessment of bearing capacity.However,for many of the rock conditions encountered,the bearing capacity of piles is a nebulous concept and a figment of the designer’s imagination.Even if it can be reasonably quantified,it has little,if any,significance to the performance of a pile in rock.The load carrying capacity of even low strength rock(in most situations)is far in excess of the strength of the structure(for example,a building column)transmitting the load.Unsatisfactory performance of a pile in rock is usually a displacement issue and is a function of rock mass stiffness rather than rock mass strength.In addition,poor pile performance is much more likely to result from poor construction practices than excessive displacement of the rock mass.Exceptions occur for footings that are undermined,or where unfavourable structure in the rock allows movement towards a free surface to occur.Standards,codes of practices,reference books and other sources of design information should focus foundation design in rock on displacement rather than strength performance.Ground investigations should measure rock mass stiffness and defect properties,as well as intact rock strength.This paper summarises the fundamental concepts relating to performance of piles in rock and provides a basis for displacement focused design of piles in rock.It also presents comments relating to how piles are modelled in widely used commercial finite element software for soil-structure interaction analysis,within the context of the back-analysis of a pile load test,and proposes recommendations for pile analysis and design.

关键词： Pile design Pile analysis Pile load test Finite element analysis

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Bayesian data analysis to quantify the uncertainty of intact rock strength

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第1期10卷 11-31页

作者： Luis Fernando Contreras Edwin T.Brown Marc Ruest The University of Queensland St Lucia CampusBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Golder Associates Pty.Ltd. BrisbaneAustralia

One of the main difficulties in the geotechnical design process lies in dealing with uncertainty. Uncertainty is associated with natural variation of properties, and the imprecision and unpredictability caused by insufficient information on parameters or models. Probabilistic methods are normally used to quantify uncertainty. However, the frequentist approach commonly used for this purpose has some drawbacks.First, it lacks a formal framework for incorporating knowledge not represented by data. Second, it has limitations in providing a proper measure of the confidence of parameters inferred from data. The Bayesian approach offers a better framework for treating uncertainty in geotechnical design. The advantages of the Bayesian approach for uncertainty quantification are highlighted in this paper with the Bayesian regression analysis of laboratory test data to infer the intact rock strength parameters σand mused in the Hoek-Brown strength criterion. Two case examples are used to illustrate different aspects of the Bayesian methodology and to contrast the approach with a frequentist approach represented by the nonlinear least squares(NLLS) method. The paper discusses the use of a Student’s t-distribution versus a normal distribution to handle outliers, the consideration of absolute versus relative residuals, and the comparison of quality of fitting results based on standard errors and Bayes factors. Uncertainty quantification with confidence and prediction intervals of the frequentist approach is compared with that based on scatter plots and bands of fitted envelopes of the Bayesian approach. Finally, the Bayesian method is extended to consider two improvements of the fitting analysis. The first is the case in which the Hoek-Brown parameter, a, is treated as a variable to improve the fitting in the triaxial region. The second is the incorporation of the uncertainty in the estimation of the direct tensile strength from Brazilian test results within the overall evaluation of the intact rock strength.

关键词： Uncertainty Intact rock strength Bayesian analysis Hoek-Brown criterion

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Back Analysis in Rock Engineering

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2018年第3期10卷 611-612页

作者： E.T.Brown golder associates pty ltd

This volume is the fourth in the International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering(ISRM)Book Series,edited by Professor Xia-Ting Feng,ISRM Past-President and Vice Editor-in-Chief of this journal.The author,Professor Shunsuke Sakurai,of Kobe University,Japan,has also had a long and distinguished association with the ISRM,having served as the Society’s ninth President in the

关键词： In Back Analysis in Rock Engineering

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Reducing risks in the investigation, design and construction of large concrete dams

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第2期9卷 197-209页

作者： E.T.Brown golder associates pty. ltd. BrisbaneAustralia

An overview of the GeoSafe 2016 Symposium topic is provided using the example of large concrete dams for purposes of illustration.It is essential that the risks associated with large dams be evaluated rigorously and managed proactively at all stages of their lives so that the risk of failure remains As Low As Reasonably Practicable(ALARP).Rock engineering features of large concrete dams that require particular attention,assessment and monitoring during the investigation,design,construction,initial filling,inservice operation,and subsequent repair and upgrade stages of the lives of concrete dams are identified and illustrated by examples from recorded experiences.A number of major concrete dam failures,including that of the St.Francis dam,California,U.S.A.,in 1928,have led to significant developments in rock mechanics and rock engineering knowledge and techniques,as well as in dam design and review processes.More recent advances include a range of analytical,numerical modelling,probabilistic,reliability,failure mode and risk assessment approaches.

关键词： Concrete dam failure Dam engineering Risk assessment Rock engineering design Site investigation

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Rock engineering design of post-tensioned anchors for dams-A review

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岩石力学与工程学报 2015年第1期34卷 1-13页

作者： E.T.Brown Golder Associates Pty.Ltd.

High-capacity, post-tensioned anchors have found wide-spread use, originally in initial dam design and construction, and more recently in the strengthening and rehabilitation of concrete dams to meet modern design and safety standards. Despite the advances that have been made in rock mechanics and rock engineering during the last 80 years in which post-tensioned anchors have been used in dam engineering, some aspects of the rock engineering design of high-capacity rock anchors for dams have changed relatively little over the last 30 or 40 years. This applies, in particular, to the calculations usually carried out to establish the grouted embedment lengths required for deep, post-tensioned anchors.These calculations usually make simpli fi ed assumptions about the distribution and values of rock e grout interface shear strengths, the shape of the volume of rock likely to be involved in uplift failure under the in fl uence of a system of post-tensioned anchors, and the mechanism of that failure. The resulting designs are generally conservative. It is concluded that these aspects of the rock engineering design of large, posttensioned rock anchors for dams can be significantly improved by making greater use of modern,comprehensive, numerical analyses in conjunction with three-dimensional(3D) models of the rock mass structure, realistic rock and rock mass properties, and the results of prototype anchor tests in the rock mass concerned.

关键词： Dam engineering Post-tensioned anchors Rock engineering design Groutetendon bond Rockegrout bond Rock mass uplift failure

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Rock Mechanics Based on an Anisotropic Jointed Rock Model

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2015年第5期7卷 607-608页

作者： E.T.Brown golder associates pty ltd

(AJRM),Walter Wittke.Ernst & Sohn:A Wiley Brand(2014).ISBN:978-3-433-03079-0(Hbk),978-3-433-60431-1(ePDF)For several decades,the author of this impressive book,Professor Dr.-Ing.Walter Wittke,has been a leading figure in rock mechanics and rock engineering,both in his native Germany and internationally.He served as the 5th President of the International

关键词： rock Rock Mechanics Based on an Anisotropic Jointed Rock Model FEM than

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Rock Engineering Risk

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2015年第4期7卷 479-480页

作者： John A.Hudson Xia-Ting Feng E.T.Brown golder associates pty ltd

The invaluable book reports the outcome of the work of the Commission on Design Methodology of the International Society for Rock Mechanics （ISRM） in the ISRM＇s 2011-2015 term of office during which Professor John Hudson acted as Commission Presi- dent while Professor Xia-Ting Feng served as ISRM President. It pro- vides a sequel to the authors＇ previous book, Rock Engineering Design （Feng and Hudson, 2011）, which reported the work of the Commission in the ISRM＇s 2007-2011 term of office when Profes- sor Feng acted as Commission President and Professor Hudson served as ISRM President. It is also the first volume in the newly established ISRM Book Series published by CRC Press/Balkema of the Taylor ＆ Francis Group, an initiative taken during Professor Feng＇s recent term of office as ISRM President.

关键词： rock Rock Engineering Risk

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Rock mechanics for design of Brisbane tunnels and implications of recent thinking in relation to rock mass strength

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第3期11卷 676-683页

作者： L.B.McQueen A.Purwodihardjo S.V.L.Barrett Golder Associates Pty.Ltd. 124 Pacific HighwaySt.LeonardsNSW2065Australia Golder Associates Pty.Ltd. 147 Coronation DriveMiltonQueensland4064Australia Golder Associates Pty.Ltd. Building 7Botanicca Corporate Park570 e 588 Swan StreetRichmondVictoria3121Australia

This paper explores the potential implications of recent thinking in relation to rock mass strength for future tunnelling projects in Brisbane,Australia,particularly as they are constructed within deep horizons where the in situ stress magnitudes is larger.Rock mass failure mechanisms for the current tunnels in Brisbane are generally discontinuity controlled and the potential for stress-induced failure is relatively rare.For the road tunnels which have been constructed in Brisbane over the last 12 years,the strength of the more massive rock masses for continuum analysis has been estimated by the application of the Hoek-Brown(H-B)failure criterion using the geological strength index(GSI)to determine the H-B parameters mb,s and a.Over the last few years,alternative approaches to estimating rock mass strength for‘massive to moderately jointed hard rock masses’have been proposed by others,which are built on the work completed by E.Hoek and E.T.Brown in this area over their joint careers.This paper explores one of these alternative approaches to estimating rock mass strength for one of the geological units(the Brisbane Tuff),which is often encountered in tunnelling projects in Brisbane.The potential implications of these strength forecasts for future tunnelling projects are discussed along with the additional work which will need to be undertaken to confirm the applicability of such alternative strength criteria for this rock mass.

关键词： Rock mass strength Hoek-Brown(H-B)failure criterion Triaxial testing Brittle failure Brisbane Tuff

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Editorial

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2015年第4期7卷 359-360页

作者： E.T.Brown golder associates pty. ltd.

The writer is pleased to have been given this opportunity to offer an Editorial to Issue 4, Volume 7, 2015, of our journal, for the first time. The major focus of this Editorial is on the paper, ＂A theoretical derivation of the Hoek-Brown failure criterion for rock materials＂ by Jianping Zuo, Huihai Liu and Hongtao Li, pub- lished in this Issue. In the following, this paper will be referred to as Zuo et al. （2015）. Using this paper as a vehicle, some comments will be offered on this journal＇s important peer review system.

关键词： rock Editorial

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Editorial

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第2期9卷 195-196页

作者： E.T. Brown golder associates pty. ltd. P.O. Box 1734 Milton QLD 4064 Australia

The Aims and Scope of the Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(JRMGE)indicate that it"is concerned with the latest research achievements in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering The topics covered by the JRMGE include new theories,new technologies,new methods and experiences,in-situ and laboratory tests,new developments,case studies and timely reviews on selected subjects in rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering."

关键词： AIMS SCOPE MECHANICS

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