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Role of the globus pallidus in motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1628-1643页

作者： Yimiao Jiang Zengxin Qi Huixian Zhu Kangli Shen Ruiqi Liu Chenxin Fang Weiwei Lou Yifan Jiang Wangrui Yuan Xin Cao Liang Chen Qianxing Zhuang Department of Physiology School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Neurosurgery Huashan HospitalShanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina National Center for Neurological Disorders ShanghaiChina Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function Restoration and Neural Regeneration ShanghaiChina State Key Laboratory of medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institute of Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina

The globus pallidus plays a pivotal role in the basal ganglia circuit. Parkinson's disease is characterized by degeneration of dopamine-producing cells in the substantia nigra, which leads to dopamine deficiency in the brain that subsequently manifests as various motor and non-motor symptoms. This review aims to summarize the involvement of the globus pallidus in both motor and non-motor manifestations of Parkinson's disease. The firing activities of parvalbumin neurons in the medial globus pallidus, including both the firing rate and pattern, exhibit strong correlations with the bradykinesia and rigidity associated with Parkinson's disease. Increased beta oscillations, which are highly correlated with bradykinesia and rigidity, are regulated by the lateral globus pallidus. Furthermore,bradykinesia and rigidity are strongly linked to the loss of dopaminergic projections within the cortical-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop. Resting tremors are attributed to the transmission of pathological signals from the basal ganglia through the motor cortex to the cerebellum-ventral intermediate nucleus circuit. The cortico–striato–pallidal loop is responsible for mediating pallidi-associated sleep disorders. Medication and deep brain stimulation are the primary therapeutic strategies addressing the globus pallidus in Parkinson's disease. Medication is the primary treatment for motor symptoms in the early stages of Parkinson's disease, while deep brain stimulation has been clinically proven to be effective in alleviating symptoms in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease,particularly for the movement disorders caused by levodopa. Deep brain stimulation targeting the globus pallidus internus can improve motor function in patients with tremordominant and non-tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease, while deep brain stimulation targeting the globus pallidus externus can alter the temporal pattern of neural activity throughout the basal ganglia–thalamus network. Therefore, the comp

关键词： anxiety basal ganglia bradykinesia deep brain stimulation depression globus pallidus externus globus pallidus internus lateral globus pallidus medial globus pallidus neural circuit Parkinson's disease

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A novel technique for sacropelvic fixation using image-guided sacroiliac screws:a case series and biomechanical study

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2019年第3期33卷 208-216页

作者： Kee D.Kim Huy Duong Aditya Muzumdar Mir Hussain Mark Moldavsky Bandon Bucklen Department of Neurological Surgery University of California Davis Department of Neurosurgery Kaiser Permanente medical Group Musculoskeletal Education and Research Center(MERC) Globus Medical Inc

In this study, we sought to assess the safety and accuracy of sacropelvic fixation performed with image-guided sacroiliac screw placement using postoperative computed tomography and X-rays. The sacroiliac screws were placed with navigation in five patients. Intact specimens were mounted onto a six-degrees-of-freedom spine motion simulator. Long lumbosacral constructs using bilateral sacroiliac screws and bilateral S1 pedicle and iliac screws were tested in seven cadaveric spines. Nine sacroiliac screws were well-placed under an image guidance system(IGS);one was placed poorly without IGS with no symptoms. Both fixation techniques significantly reduced range of motion(P<0.05) at L5-S1. The research concluded that rigid lumbosacral fixation can be achieved with sacroiliac screws,and image guidance improves its safety and accuracy. This new technique of image-guided sacroiliac screw insertion should prove useful in many types of fusion to the sacrum, particularly for patients with poor bone quality,complicated anatomy, infection, previous failed fusion and iliac harvesting.

关键词： lumbosacral fixation sacropelvic fixation sacroiliac screw computer-assisted surgery image-guided surgery

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New spinal robotic technologies

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Frontiers of Medicine 2019年第6期13卷 723-729页

作者： Bowen Jiang Tej DAzad Ethan Cottrill Corinna CZygourakis Alex MZhu Neil Crawford Nicholas Theodore Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305USA globus medical Inc.AudubonPA 19403USA

Robotic systems in surgery have developed rapidly. Installations of the da Vinci Surgical System® (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA,, USA), widely used in urological and gynecological procedures, have nearly doubled in the United States from 2010 to 2017. Robotics systems in spine surgery have been adopted more slowly;however, users are enthusiastic about their applications in this subspecialty. Spinal surgery often requires fine manipulation of vital structures that must be accessed via limited surgical corridors and can require repetitive tasks over lengthy periods of time — issues for which robotic assistance is well-positioned to complement human ability. To date, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 7 robotic systems across 4 companies for use in spinal surgery. The available clinical data evaluating their efficacy have generally demonstrated these systems to be accurate and safe. A critical next step in the broader adoption of surgical robotics in spine surgery is the design and implementation of rigorous comparative studies to interrogate the utility of robotic assistance. Here we discuss current applications of robotics in spine surgery, review robotic systems FDA-approved for use in spine surgery, summarize randomized controlled trials involving robotics in spine surgery, and comment on prospects of robotic-assisted spine surgery.

关键词： robotics spine surgery Mazor ExcelsiusGPS ROSA pedicle screw

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Synthesis and Pharmacological Studies on a Cyclooligopeptide from Marine Bacteria

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2011年第9期29卷 1911-1916页

作者： Rajiv, Dahiya Hemendra, Gautam Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Globus College of Pharmacy Bhojpur Road Bhopal-462 045 Madhya Pradesh India Department of Pharmacology Institute of Pharmacy Invertis University Bareilly-243 123 Uttar Pradesh India

A natural proline-rich tetrapeptide cyclo-prolyl-leucyl-prolyl-phenylalanyl was prepared employing solu- tion-phase method of peptide synthesis through coupling of dipeptide fragments Boc-l-Pro-l-Leu-OH and 1-Pro-l-Phe-OMe which utilizes diisopropylcarbodiimide （DIPC） as coupling agent and N-methylmorpholine （NMM） as the base. Deprotection of linear tetrapeptide unit followed by its cyclization provided a cyclopeptide, identical in all aspects to the natural molecule. Pharmacological evaluation showed cytotoxic, antifungal and antihelmintic po- tential of synthesized peptide against Dalton＇s Lymphoma Ascites （DLA） and Ehrlich＇s Ascites Carcinoma （EAC） cell lines, pathogenic dermatophytes and earthworms.

关键词： marine bacteria natural product solution phase synthesis peptides biological activity cytotoxicity

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Rikkunshito improves globus sensation in patients with proton-pump inhibitor-refractory laryngopharyngeal reflux

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第31期19卷 5118-5124页

作者： Ryoji Tokashiki Isaku Okamoto Nobutoshi Funato Mamoru Suzuki Department of Otolaryngology Tokyo Medical University Tokyo 160-0023 Japan

AIM: To investigate the effect of rikkunshito on laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR) symptoms and gastric emptying in patients with proton-pump inhibitor(PPI)refractory ***: In total,22 patients with LPR were *** a 2-wk treatment with PPI monotherapy,PPI-refractory LPR patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups(rikkunshito alone or rikkunshito plus the PPI,lansoprazole).LPR symptoms were assessed using a visual analog scale(VAS) score,gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed using the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale(GSRS),and gastric emptying was assessed using the radio-opaque marker method prior to and 4 wk following ***: The 4-wk treatment with rikkunshito alone and with rikkunshito plus the PPI significantly decreased the globus sensation VAS *** VAS score for sore throat was significantly decreased following treatment with rikkunshito plus PPI but not by rik kunshito *** treatment significantly changed the GSRS *** improved delayed gastric *** found a significant positive correlation between improvements in globus sensation and in gastric emptying(r2= 0.4582,P globus sensation in patients with PPI-refractory LPR,in part,because of stimulation of gastric ***,rikkunshito is an effective treatment for PPI-refractory LPR.

关键词： Laryngopharyngeal reflux Gastroesophageal reflux disease globus sensation Gastric emptying Rikkunshito

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globus hystericus co-treated with acupuncture and five-element music therapy

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World Journal of Acupuncture-Moxibustion 2019年第1期29卷 80-82页

作者： Lin-xia QIAN Fa-cai LIN Second Clinical medical School Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023China

In order to mutually regulate mental and physical conditions, the authors adopted acupuncture in combination with five-element music therapy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for 1 case of globus hystericus. Bǎihui(百会 GV 20),Hégǔ(合谷 LI 4)、Zhōngwǎn(中脘 CV 12).Qìhǎi(气海 CV 6) et al. were needled once every other day and music of Zhi tone was played for the patient. A further study is needed for the application of this therapeutic method.

关键词： Acupuncture Five-element music Music therapy Emotion globus hystericus

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Modulation of firing activity by endogenous GABA_A receptors in the globus pallidus of MPTP-treated parkinsonian mice

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2013年第6期29卷 701-707页

作者： Xin-Yi Chen Yan Xue Hua Wang Su-Hong Zhu Xiao-Meng Hao Lei Chen Clinical Medicine 2009 Shandong University Medical School Department of Physiology Qingdao University Department of Physiology Binzhou Medical College

The globus pallidus in rodents,equivalent to the external segment of the globus pallidus in primates,plays an important role in movement *** studies have shown abundant γ-aminobutyric acid（GABA）ergic innervation and GABAA receptors in the globus *** this study,we investigated the effects of endogenous GABAA receptors on the spontaneous firing activity of pallidal neurons in both normal and MPTP-treated mice using multi-barrel electrodes extracellular recordings in *** found that in normal mice,pressure ejection of 0.1 mmol/L gabazine,a specific GABA A receptor antagonist,increased the spontaneous firing rate of globus pallidus neurons by 27.6 ± 5.6%.Furthermore,in MPTP mice（14 days after MPTP treatment）,0.1 mmol/L gabazine increased the firing rates by 51.0 ± 7.9%,significantly greater than in normal *** results suggest that endogenous GABAA receptors modulate the activity of globus pallidus *** present findings may provide a rationale for investigations into the potential role of GABAA receptors in Parkinson’s disease.

关键词： globus pallidus GABA A receptor Parkinson’s disease single unit recording

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Acupuncture Treatment of globus Hystericus

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2007年第1期27卷 76-79页

作者：胡金生王新中（翻译） Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion China Academy of Chinese Medical Science Beijing 100700 China 不详

Case History Ms Zhang, 21 years old, an actress of a song and dance troupe, paid her first visit on Oct. 10, 2005, with the chief complaint of a foreign body sensation in the throat for one year. The patient used to ... 详细信息

关键词：癔球病咽异感症针刺疗法中医辨证

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Effect of low-dose amitriptyline on globus pharyngeus and its side effects

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第42期19卷 7455-7460页

作者： Le-Qing You Jing Liu Lin Jia Shu-Man Jiang Gui-Qin Wang Department of Gastroenterology Guangzhou First People’s HospitalGuangzhou Medical University Department of Gastroenterology Guangzhou Nansha Central Hospital

AIM:To compare the efficacy and side effects of lowdose amitriptyline(AMT)with proton pump inhibitor treatment in patients with globus ***:Thirty-four patients who fulfilled the RomeⅢcriteria for functional esophageal disorders were included in this *** were randomly assigned to receive either 25 mg AMT before bedtime(AMT group)or 40 mg Pantoprazole once daily for 4 wk(conventional group).The main efficacy endpoint was assessed using the Glasgow Edinburgh Throat Scale(GETS).The secondary efficacy endpoints included the medical Outcomes Study 36-item short form health survey[social functioning(SF)-36]and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality *** response was defined as a>50%reduction in GETS *** patients entering this study recorded side effects at days 1,8,15,22 and 29 using a visual analogue ***:Thirty patients completed the *** 4 wk of treatment,the AMT group had a greater response than the conventional group(75%vs 35.7%,P=0.004).At day 3,the AMT group showed significantly more improvement than the Conventional group in GETS score(3.69±1.14 vs 5.64±1.28,P=0.000).After 4 wk of treatment,the AMT group showed significantly greater improvement in GETS score and sleep quality than the Conventional group(1.25±1.84 vs 3.79±2.33,4.19±2.07 vs 8.5±4.97;Pglobus pharyngeus.

关键词： Amitriptyline globus pharyngeus Side effect Pantoprazole Treatment response

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Clinical Observations on 46 Cases of globus Hystericus Treated with Modified Banxia Houpu Decoction

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2010年第2期30卷 103-107页

作者：卜平陈齐鸣朱海杭张旭东徐海荣张瑜曹有军段树民 medical College of Yangzhou University Taixing People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province Clinical medical College of Yangzhou University

Objective： To observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of modified Banxia Houpu decoction on globus hystericus. Methods： The 95 patients with globus hystericus were randomly divided into a treatment group of 46 cases treated with modified Banxia Houpu decoction and a control group of 49 cases treated with Manyanshuning （Granula for Clearing the Throat）. In addition, a normal group of 24 healthy people was set up. SCL-90 scale was adopted to observe the therapeutic effect, evaluate the psychological state of patients and build a database on combination of four diagnoses. Results： The effect of the modified Banxia Houpo decoction was better than that of the control group in relieving depression, anxiety and improving the psychological state （P〈0.05 or P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Modified Banxia Houpu decoction has definite therapeutic effect on globus hystericus. Its mechanism may be related to its function in relieving depression and anxiety and regulating the osvchological state.

关键词： modified Banxia Houpo decoction globus hystericus SCL-90 scale

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