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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 363-377页

作者： Emma J.STOKES Wildlife Conservation Society Global Conservation ProgramBronxNew YorkUSA

Wild tigers are in a critical state with an estimated population decline of more than 95%over the past *** the capacity and effectiveness of law enforcement in reducing poaching of tigers is an immediate priority to secure remaining wild populations in source *** 2008-2010,standardized patrol-based law enforcement monitoring(LEM)was established under the Tigers Forever program across 8 key tiger sites in order to improve and evaluate law enforcement ***-based monitoring has the distinct advantage of providing regular and rapid information on illegal activities and ranger performance,although,until recently,it has received relatively little scrutiny from the conservation *** present paper outlines a framework for implementation of LEM in tiger source sites using MIST,a computerized management information system for ranger-based data *** framework addresses many of the technical,practical and institutional challenges involved in the design,implementation,sustainability and evaluation of *** of such a framework for LEM is a cost-effective strategy to improve the efficiency of law enforcement efforts,to increase the motivation of enforcement staff and to promote the accountability of law enforcement agencies in addressing threats to *** combined with independent,systematic and science-based monitoring of tigers and their prey,LEM has great potential for evaluating the effectiveness of protection-based conservation investments.

关键词： law enforcement monitoring MIST protected areas protection tigers

Securing a future for wild Indochinese tigers:Transforming tiger vacuums into tiger source sites

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Integrative Zoology 2010年第4期5卷 324-334页

作者： Antony J.LYNAM Wildlife Conservation Society Global Conservation ProgramBronx New YorkUSA

A century ago,tigers(Panthera tigris Linnaeus,1758)were so common in parts of Southeast Asia as to be considered pests,and governments sponsored their *** loss and fragmentation,market-driven poaching and loss of prey have since led to the disappearance of Indochinese tigers from most their former *** 15 years of dedicated tiger conservation funding,national estimates of Indochinese tiger subpopulations can at best only be roughly *** future for the subspecies appears grim unless very focused efforts can be applied to stabilize and recover *** a regional scale,the 2 proposed subspecies Panthera tigris corbetti and *** jacksoni are effectively managed as separate conservation *** where to place conservation efforts should consider the vulnerability(likelihood of extinction)and irreplaceability(likelihood that an area contributes uniquely to regional conservation)of tiger *** 1 site in Thailand supporting10000 km^(2))block of dry forest habitat available in the region.A reintroduction program is the only option to recover tigers there.

关键词： conservation priorities Indochinese tigers irreplaceability threats vulnerability

Birds caught in spider webs in Asia

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Chinese Birds 2016年第3期7卷 180-186页

作者： Bruno A.Walther Master program in global Health and Development College of Public Health Taipei Medical University

A recent global review of birds caught in spider webs reported only three Asian cases. Given this surprisingly low number, I made a concerted effort to obtain additional Asian cases from the literature, the internet, and field workers. I present a total of 56 Asian cases which pertain to 33 bird species. As in the global dataset, mostly small bird species were caught in spider webs, with a mean body mass of 17.5 g and a mean wing chord length of 73.1 mm. Conse?quently, birds with a body mass >30 g were very rarely caught. This Asian review corroborates the global review that smaller birds are more likely to be caught and that Nephila spiders are most likely to be the predators. Continuous monitoring of spider webs is recommended to ascertain the frequency of these events.

关键词： Spider Predator–prey relationships Asia

Journey Through the Groan Zone with Academics and Practitioners: Bridging Conflict and Difference to Strengthen Disaster Risk Reduction and Recovery Work

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2018年第3期9卷 421-428页

作者： Katherine E.Browne Caela O'Connell Laura Meitzner Yoder Department of Anthropology Colorado State University Department of Anthropology – Disasters Displacement and Human Rights Program University of Tennessee program in Human Needs and global Resources Wheaton College

Academic-practitioner divides in disaster management and research can be persistent and pernicious,bearing consequences for disaster survivors and future affected populations. The gap between disaster professionals and academic researchers is often treated as an unavoidable structural problem or a neutral accident of professional silos and circumstance. We suggest that these gaps are not neutral, and that they can and must be overcome. With hundreds of millions of people affected by disaster each year and recovery costs skyrocketing, there is urgency in connecting researcher and practitioner knowledges to avoid expensive mistakes and most importantly, to decrease human suffering. Yet the difficulties that US academic anthropologists and practitioners experienced in their efforts to collaborate became evident in a cross-sector National Science Foundation(NSF)-funded workshop on the relevance of culture in disaster work. We suggest and illustrate how more systematic cross-field communication can be operationalized through engaging in an ongoing and relational process of bridging. Such a process can offer long-term benefits to the people and institutions involved,dramatically enhance the science of disaster management,and help reduce the social and material costs of disaster impacts.

关键词： Academic and practitioner divide Applied research Cross-sector communication Culture and disaster Disaster anthropology Disaster management

The Developmental Sources of South Korean Neoliberalism

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2022年第1期15卷 41-61页

作者： Kevin Hockmuth global Studies program Akita International UniversityAkitaJapan

How do South Korea's developmental legacies influence its contemporary political economy?The discourse surrounding this question has tended to diverge over the extent to which South Korea's state-led developmental model has been supplanted by a market-led,neoliberal mode of political-economic organization Though this debate has indeed fostered many important individual contributions,it has also yielded a muddled and ambiguous theoretical *** clarify this cluttered terrain,this paper draws from recent advances in the study of neoliberalism to establish critical points of consonance between statist perspectives on Korean development and neoliberalism To this end,it identifies key threads of continuity binding South Korea's developmental past with its neoliberal *** paper finds that critical aspects of the developmental state's interaction with society,from coercion to ideological suasion furnished elemental building blocks to those actively constructing a South Korean neoliberalism Thus,exploring these historical contours producesa fresh means for apprehending the interactions of enduring statist developmental legacies with contemporary neoliberal reforms,both theoretically and *** such,this study yields an improved set of conceptual tools for grasping the complex empirical phenomena shaping the interplay of neoliberalism,developmentalism,and democracy within contemporary South Korea.

关键词： South Korea Political economy Developmental state Neoliberalism Developmental politics Democracy Labor

Brain age estimation:premise,promise,and problems

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第8期20卷 2313-2314页

作者： Jarrad Perron Ji Hyun Ko Graduate program in Biomedical Engineering Price Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada PrairieNeuro Research Centre Kleysen Institute for Advanced MedicineHealth Sciences CentreWinnipegMBCanada Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science Rady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMBCanada

Premise:The com bined effects of modern healthcare practices which prolong lifespan and declining birthrates have created unprecedented changes in age demographics worldwide that are especially pronounced in Japan,South Korea,Europe,and North *** old age is the most significant predictor of dementia,global healthcare systems must rise to the challenge of providing care for those with neurodegenerative disorders.

关键词： estimation providing birth

Prevalence of Human Immune Deficiency among Registered Tuberculosis Patients across Pakistan during 2013-2015<br/>—Prevalence of tb-HIV Co-Infection in Pakistan

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2018年第1期6卷 96-103页

作者： Muhammad Aamir Safdar Razia Fatima Nasir Mahmood Khan Aashifa Yaqoob Afshan Khurshid Mahboob Ul Haq Ahmad Wali National tb Control program Ministry of National Health Services Regulation & Coordination Islamabad Pakistan Provincial tb Control program Sindh Pakistan Provincial tb Control program Balochistan Pakistan

The problem of Tuberculosis (tb) and Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection becomes vital when it is seen in the context of under developed countries like Pakistan. Pakistan ranks 5th high burden countries for drug-susceptible and 6th among drug-resistant tb patients [1]. Objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of tb-HIV Co-infection at the designated Sentinel Sites across Pakistan. A cross-sectional study is based on retrospective record review of routinely maintained tb program data at all 17 designated sentinel sites of tb Control program from 2013-15. Among the screened tb patients 145 (0.66%) were found HIV reactive. The prevalence of HIV was higher (1.02%) in extra-pulmonary and male tb patients (1.23 %) as compared to pulmonary (0.55%) and female patients (0.09%). Scale up tb surveillance activities, integrating tb-HIV care services, active case finding among key affected populations will have a positive impact on tb-HIV co-infection and disease control.

关键词： Tuberculosis HIV Co-Infection Pakistan

Genetic improvement of wheat grain quality at CIMMYT

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019年第3期6卷 265-272页

作者： Carlos GUZMáN Karim AMMAR Velu GOVINDAN Ravi SINGH global Wheat program The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)

The International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center(CIMMYT) is the global leader in publiclyfunded maize and wheat research and in farming systems based on these *** leads the global Wheat program(GWP), which includes some of the largest wheat breeding programs in the *** GWP has been successful in developing wheat germplasm that is used extensively *** quality improvement is a central component of all the breeding efforts at CIMMYT and the Wheat Chemistry and Quality Laboratory represents an integral part of the breeding *** quality is addressed at CIMMYT over the full range of this very wide and variable concept with milling,processing, end-use and nutritional quality *** progenitors and advanced lines developed by the breeders are assessed for diverse quality attributes, with the aim of identifying those that fulfill the requirements in terms of milling, processing, end-use and nutritional quality in different target *** research is conducted to make more efficient the integration of wheat quality traits in the breeding *** main topics being addressed are(1) methodologies to analyze grain quality traits,(2) genetic control and environmental effects on quality traits,(3) characterization of genetic resources for quality improvement, and(4) diversifying grain properties for novel uses.

关键词： biofortification breeding grain quality wheat

Technology innovation for infectious diseases in the developing world

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2012年第1期1卷 6-14页

作者： Anthony D So Quentin Ruiz-Esparza program on global Health and Technology Access Sanford School of Public Policy and Duke Global Health InstituteDuke University302 Towerview DriveCB#90312DurhamNorth Carolina 27708USA

Enabling innovation and access to health technologies remains a key strategy in combating infectious diseases in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).However,a gulf between paying markets and the endemicity of such diseases has contributed to the dearth of R&D in meeting these public health *** the pharmaceutical industry views emerging economies as potential new markets,most of the world’s poorest bottom billion now reside in middle-income countries-a fact that has complicated tiered access ***,product development partnerships-particularly those involving academic institutions and small firms-find commercial opportunities in pursuing even neglected diseases;and a growing pharmaceutical sector in BRICS countries offers hope for an indigenous base of *** innovation will be shaped by 1)access to building blocks of knowledge;2)strategic use of intellectual property and innovative financing to meet public health goals;3)collaborative norms of open innovation;and 4)alternative business models,some with a double bottom *** such resource constraints,LMICs are poised to develop a new,more resource-effective model of innovation that holds exciting promise in meeting the needs of global health.

关键词： Innovation Technology Access Policy Public health R&D collaboration R&D Business model Open source Open innovation

The Ebola virus:a review of progress and development in research

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014年第12期4卷 928-936页

作者： Yitades Gebre Teshome Gebre Abena Peters HIV/STI TB and Viral HepatitisPan American Health Organization/World Health Organization(PAHO/WHO) Regional Director for Africa Task Force for Global Health

The Ebola virus was identified in the year 1976 and has caused periodic outbreaks in West African *** disease has a case fatality rate up to 90%.Ebola has been classified as a biosafety level four pathogen and there is no currently approved vaccine or treatment for the ***,remarkable progress has been demonstrated by researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of the Ebola *** animal models have been cultivated to develop diagnostics,vaccines and therapeutic drugs.

关键词： Ebola virus disease Ebola vaccines Ebola therapeutic drugs Ebola non-human primates Ebola research