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Growing research and development of targeted anticancer drugs in China

Journal of the National Cancer Center 2023年第2期3卷 129-134页

作者： Huiyao Huang Jingting Du Xinyu Meng Dawei Wu Yue Yu Shuhang Wang Lili Wang Wenya Wang Yu Tang Ning Li Clinical Trials Center National Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina School of Population and global Health the University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Beijing Genomics Institute BeijingChina Tsinghua University

Objective:To deliver a comprehensive picture of the landscape and changing trend of trials and approvals on targeted anticancer drugs in China from 2012 to ***:Trials,investigated products,and listed drugs were acquired from national *** status quo,changing trend of absolute number,and proportion of targeted trials,products,and drugs,as well as the corre-sponding difference between domestic and foreign companies were ***:A total of 2,632 trials on 1,167 targeted antitumor drugs were identified,accounting for 81.5%of all registered *** number and proportion of trials on targeted drugs increased steadily,with an average growth rate of 36.0%and 6.2%,respectively.A similar growth trend was observed in the number(33.7%)and proportion(13.8%)of targeted *** drugs and trials owned by domestic companies accounted for a higher proportion than that by foreign companies(80.5%vs.19.5%;83.2%vs.16.8%,respectively),and the growing trend for both targeted drugs(13.8%vs.5.7%)and trials(13.8%vs.33.7%)owned by domestic companies was *** proportion of targeted drug trials(80.5%vs.85.6%)and multicenter trials(6.0%vs.69.9%)initiated by domestic companies was lower than that by foreign companies,with the gap gradually *** the identified 18 targets of the 126 immune drugs under development,only one globally new target was ***:Research and development of targeted antitumor drugs in China are booming and advancing rapidly,and domestic enterprises have become the *** genomics activities and establishing incentives and public-private collaboration frameworks are crucial for innovation-oriented drug development in China.

关键词： Neoplasm Clinical trial China Personlized medicine Drug

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Addressing Barriers to Off-Grid Rural Electrification in Africa： The Botswana and Namibia Experience

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2014年第8期8卷 1351-1359页

作者： Pushpendra K. Jain Prem Jain Philimon Dhafana Department of Physics University of Botswana Private Bag 0022 Gaborone Botswana Department of Physics University of Zambia PO Box 32379 Lusaka Zambia Botswana Power Corporation P O Box 48 Gaborone Botswana

Africa is the most affected continent with energy poverty. Wood fuel is the main source of energy for remote and rural populations. At the same time, most parts of Africa are endowed with abundant solar energy. Together with a highly developed global solar industry and ever declining cost of solar systems, solar has unprecedented potential to combat energy poverty in Africa. However, dissemination of solar systems is faced with a number of barriers and challenges amongst where sustainable financing and lack of technological support for installation, maintenance and repair of systems are the most significant. This paper discusses the cases of Botswana and Namibia where financing schemes based on different partnership models have been successfully implemented. These schemes have the potential for success and adaptation by countries with similar socio-economic conditions. We conclude with recommendations on training programs for different levels of intervention to overcome the lack of technological support.

关键词： Energy poverty off-grid rural electrification solar energy financing mechanisms training needs Africa Botswana Namibia.

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Scaling up private investment in low-carbon energy systems through regional cooperation: Effective trade policy measures

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Resources and Environmental Economics 2019年第2期1卷 80-88页

作者： Kaliappa Kalirajan Huong Thi Thu Tran Yichang Liu Venkatachalam Anbumozhi Crawford School of public Policy Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia Jakarta Indonesia

How to ensure energy supply and reduce environment pollution have turned into governments’ top priorities and key factors to maintain sustainable development. In this context, two major trade and investment agreements that could lead to profound influence on low-carbon energy systems development around the Asia-Pacific region are the Regional comprehensive economic partnership (RCEP) consisted of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) plus Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, and Republic of Korea and the Belt and road initiative (BRI) initiated by China. In order to have a smooth transition to low-carbon energy systems in Asia, besides RCEP and BRI, it is imperative to boost private sector investment. Success of encouraging private sector investment depends on appropriate government policies towards promoting innovations and reducing financial risks to private investors. The research questions that are examined in this study are: What type of policy measures affects trade in low-carbon transition, particularly renewable energy (RE) transition? How can investment signals and incentives be reframed to scale up private finance in RE? The objective is to investigate and to provide several feasible trade policy and investment policy tools for both national and regional markets that governments could adopt to accelerate the speed of private financing of the low-carbon energy industry, particularly the RE industry.

关键词： private investment low-carbon energy regional cooperation trade policy

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Health problems and utilization of health services among Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals in Bangladesh

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global Health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 97-109页

作者： Lal B.Rawal Kie Kanda Tuhin Biswas MdImtiaz Tanim Padam Kanta Dahal Md.Rajibul Islam Tarique Md.Nurul Huda Tahmina Begum Berhe W.Sahle Andre M.N.Renzaho Iqbal Anwar School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences Collage of Science and Sus-tainabilityCentral Queensland UniversitySydney CampusSydneyAustralia Physical Activity Research Group Appleton InstituteCentral Queensland UniversityWayvilleAustralia Translational Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversitySydneyAustralia School of Nursing and Midwifery Western Sydney UniversitySydneyAustralia The University of Queensland BrisbaneAustralia mPower Social Enterprises Ltd. DhakaBangladesh Health Intervention and Technology Assessment Program(HITAP) Non-thaburiThailand Infectious Diseases Division icddrbDhakaBangladesh Health Systems and Population Division icddrbDhakaBangladesh School of Nursing and Midwifery Deakin UniversityGeelongVICAustralia Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research(QPS) Alfred Health PartnershipMel-bourneVICAustralia Melbourne School of Population and global Health University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia School of Medicine Western Sydney UniversitySydneyAustralia

Background:Access to and utilization of health services have remained major challenges for people living in low-and middle-income countries,especially for those living in impaired public health environment such as refugee camps and temporary *** study presents health problems and utilization of health services among Forcibly Displaced Myanmar Nationals(FDMNs)living in the southern part of ***:A mixed-method(quantitative and qualitative)approach was *** 999 household surveys were conducted among the FDMNs living in makeshift/temporary settlements and host *** used a grounded theory approach involving in-depth interviews(IDIs),focus group discussions(FGDs),and key informant interviews(KIIs)including 24 IDIs,10 FGDs,and 9 *** quantitative data were analysed with ***:The common health problems among the women were pregnancy and childbirth-related complications and violence against *** the children,fever,diarrhoea,common cold and malaria were frequently observed health *** general health,HIV/AIDS,insecurity,discrimination,and lack of employment opportunity were common problems for ***,61.2%women received two or more antenatal care(ANC)visits during their last pregnancy,while 28.9%did not receive any ANC *** majority of the last births took place at home(85.2%)assisted by traditional birth attendants(78.9%),a third(29.3%)of whom suffered pregnancy-and childbirth-related *** clinics run by the non-governmental organizations(NGOs)(76.9%)and private health facilities(86.0%)were the most accessible places for seeking healthcare for the FDMNs living in the makeshift *** participants heard about HIV/AIDS.78.0%of them were unaware about the means of HIV transmission,and family planning methods were poorly used(45.2%).Conclusions:Overall,the health of FDMNs living in the southern part of Bangladesh is poor and they have inadequate access to and utilization o

关键词： Rohingya refugees Bangladesh Family planning HIV/AIDS Health services

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An intersectional gender analysis of familial and socio-cultural drivers of inequitable scientific career progression of researchers in Sub-Saharan Africa

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global Health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 180-195页

作者： Millicent L.Liani Isaac K.Nyamongo Justin Pulford Rachel Tolhurst Department of International public Health Liverpool School of Tropical MedicinePembroke PlaceLiverpool L35QAUK Faculty of Health and Life Sciences University of LiverpoolLiverpool L693BXUK Division of Research and Innovation The Cooperative University of KenyaNairobiKenya

Background:Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA)suffers from a dearth of concrete information on the causes of women’s under-representation in scientific research workforce particularly at higher levels compared with the wealth of information that exists in the global *** goal of this study was to illuminate familial and socio-cultural drivers that contribute to intersectional gender inequities in scientific career progression in SSA to inform strategies that could promote career equity for African scientific ***:This study was nested within the context of‘Developing Excellence in Leadership,Training and Science in Africa’(DELTAS Africa)—a health-based scientific research capacity strengthening *** adopted an exploratory qualitative cross-sectional study ***-depth interviews were conducted among 58(32 Female and 26 Male)trainees/research fellows at various career stages,affiliated to three purposively selected African Research *** interviews were conducted between May and December 2018 in *** data were analysed inductively based on emergent ***:The study participants were nationals of thirteen SSA *** female than male participants had young *** themes were *** illustrate women’s and men’s characterisation of the normative career pathway and progression requirements which calls for significant‘time’commitments(theme 1),and how social power relations of gender within the family and wider society shapes their participation in scientific research activities(theme 2).This culminates in researchers’’differential experiences of navigating between the‘two different lives’—family and career,and the resultant implications for their career progression and personal well-being(theme 3).Women researchers made different and conscious trade-offs for navigating the‘two different lives’by utilising various metaphors such as the‘biological clock and career clock’,the‘glass ball and rubber ball’,and t

关键词： Researchers’lived experiences Socio-cultural influences Family Gender equity Intersectional gender analysis Scientific career progression Sub-Saharan Africa Social power relations Research capacity strengthening

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The Multiple Roles of Egypt in China’s‘Belt and Road’Initiative

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Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 2019年第3期13卷 428-444页

作者： Mahmoud Ahmed Mohamed Mohamed Soliman Jun Zhao School of International Relations and public Affairs Shanghai International Studies UniversityShanghaiChina Middle East Studies Institute Shanghai International Studies UniversityShanghaiChina

Egypt was the first country in Africa and the Arab World to establish diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of *** 2016,the official visit of President Xi Jinping to Egypt began a new chapter in the two countries’relations and will open a brand-new page in their foreign *** paper,based on the changes that have taken place in Egypt’s diplomacy,highlights the core concepts of Egypt’s diplomatic strategy towards China and focuses on how these outlooks can be compatible with China’s‘Belt and Road’Initiative(BRI).Egypt boasts many important features:a unique geographic location which makes Egypt the meeting point of the Arab World,Africa,Asia,and Europe through the Mediterranean Sea and Red Sea;a unique civilisation and culture,with a longstanding history and interactions throughout millennia with the empires of Greece,Persia,Rome,Turkey,and *** is also considered a converging point of Islam and Christianity,boasting a relatively stable political and social order,and a fully-fledged economic *** these features help Egypt to have global outreach;it contributes great value to China’s BRI and enables Egypt to play a key role in the world with China as a strategic *** paper also analyses the characteristics of Egypt’s new diplomacy and how they lay a solid foundation for the development of Sino-Egyptian *** strategic vision between Egypt and China is not limited to trade and investments,but there are still missing pieces to fill in which depend on the regional and global arenas,such as the Palestinian-Israeli conflict,Middle East security governance,national defense,and counterterrorism.

关键词： China and Egypt Belt and Road Initiative Egyptian studies China and the Middle East strategic partnership

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An Analysis of NGO Avenues for Civil Participation in China

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Social Sciences in China 2007年第2期28卷 137-146页

作者：贾西津 Associate Professor at the School of public Policy and Management Tsinghua University

Civil participation was endowed with growing significance in democratic systems in the second half of the 20^th century, becoming a form of development of representative democracy. Classical civil participation mainly refers to citizens＇ influence on the government and policy through voting and other avenues. However, the New public Involvement originating in America in the mid 1960＇s, as well as global Governance since the 1990＇s, have broken through the boundaries of civil participation - passive, indirect, voting or representative, thus gaining a more extensive and varied significance. The connotations of modem civil participation have been expanded in three ways. Firstly, civil participation as a legitimate power has been extended from democratic election to democratic decisionmaking and administration. ＂public Involvement＂ emphasizes civil participation as one of the legal procedures in public decisionmaking.2 Secondly, the aims of civil participation have expanded from government and policy to the outcome of public affairs, raising citizens＇ status as subjects of action. Concepts like Citizen Governance and the revival of the idea of civil society are examples in this regard. Thirdly, active civil participation is stressed more strongly, indicating the development of strong democracy. For instance, activities including ＂active citizens,＂ and ＂neighborhood engagement＂ manifest trends in the government＇s efforts to construct an equal relationship of ＂partnership＂ with ordinary people. The expansion of civil participation represents a rethinking of the professional centralized model of state power in the 20^tn century, as well as a return to traditional values of local control and civic status^3

关键词：中国公民参与非政府组织公民权力

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Influencing Factors of Healthy Aging Risk Assessed Using Biomarkers:A Life Course Perspective

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China CDC weekly 2024年第11期6卷 219-224,I0014-I0017页

作者： Cedric Zhang Bo Lua Yajie Gao Jinming Li Xingqi Cao Xinwei Lyu Yinuo Tu Shuyi Jin Zuyun Liu Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Healththe Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou CityZhejiang ProvinceChina Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care University College LondonLondonUK College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou CityZhejiang ProvinceChina

Assessing individual risks of healthy aging using biomarkers and identifying associated factors have become important areas of *** this study,we conducted a literature review of relevant publications between 2018 and 2023 in both Chinese and English *** studies have predominantly used single biomarkers,such as C-reactive protein,or focused on specific life course stages and factors such as socioeconomic status,mental health,educational levels,and unhealthy *** summarizing the progress in this field,our study provides valuable insights and future directions for promoting healthy aging from a life course perspective.

关键词： such insight directions

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Escaping from poverty trap:a choice between government transfer payments and public services

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global Health Research and Policy 2017年第1期2卷 215-230页

作者： Sixia Chen Jianjun Li Shengfeng Lu Bo Xiong School of public Finance and Taxation Zhongnan University of Economics and LawWuhanHubeiChina School of public Finance and Taxation Southwestern University of Finance and EconomicsChengduSichuanChina Economics and Management School Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubeiChina

Background:Anti-poverty has always been an important issue to be *** policies should be selected to help individuals escaping from the poverty trap:by directly offering transfer payments or indirectly providing public services?This paper is among the first to explore the effects of public anti-poverty programs system in ***:We Using unbalanced panel data of China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)from 1989 to 2009,we demonstrate how the individual poverty status is determined through a four-staged simultaneous *** choose the 3SLS(Three Staged Linear Squared)methodology to do the ***:GTPs(Government Transfer Payments)don’t have positive effects on poverty *** results demonstrate that GTPs increasing by 10%makes private transfer payments decrease by 3.9%.Meanwhile,GTPs increasing by 10%makes the household income decreased by 27.1%.However,public services(such as medical insurance,health services,hygiene protection etc.)have significantly positive impacts on poverty *** services share a part of living cost of the poor,and are conducive for people to gain higher household ***:GTPs given by governments are not effective in reducing the poverty,as a result of“crowd-out effect”and“inductive effect”.However,public services are suggested to be adopted by governments to help the poor out of the poverty trap.

关键词： Government transfer payments public services Anti-poverty Crowd-out effect Inductive effect

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private hospital expansion in China:a global perspective

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global Health Journal 2018年第2期2卷 33-46页

作者： Chenhui Deng Xiaosong Li Jay Pan West China School of public Health Sichuan UniversityNo.17Section 3Ren Min Nan RoadChengdu 610041China West China Research Center for Rural Health Development Sichuan UniversityNo.17Section 3Ren Min Nan RoadChengdu 610041China

Objective:To assess the private hospital development in China during 2005-2016 from a global ***:We searched the English and Chinese literature in PubMed,CNKI and Google Scholar databases with the keywords including“private hospitals in China”,“hospital ownership”,“public and private hospital”,“private hospital development”.Descriptive statistical analysis was used to assess the trend of the private hospital development in China and *** the change of private hospitals in supply capacity and health care delivery were studied in this *** number of hospitals,number of hospital beds and the average number of hospital beds per hospital were employed to measure the supply *** visit number,inpatients number,and bed occupancy rate(BOR)were used to measure the healthcare *** data was collected from the China Health Statistical Yearbook and the“Organisation for Economic and Co-operation and Development(OECD)Statistics”***:The private sector rapidly expanded in China’s hospital market in recent *** number of private hospitals exceeded the public in *** has also been a signi cant rise for the indicators of both the supply capacity(including number of hospitals,number of hospital beds and the average number of hospital beds per hospital)and the health care delivery(inpatients number and BOR)of the private ***,the growth rates of them were relatively lower than the *** expansion trend of China’s private sector in the hospital market accorded with most the OECD countries around the *** 2016,China was above the medium level of the share of the private hospitals’number with the OECD countries,but below the medium for the supply capacity,in terms of the hospital ***:As a result of the economic growth and supporting policy,the private sector has experienced a vast expansion in China’s hospital market in the past *** rising gap in average size between private and pub

关键词： private hospital publicly owned hospital health reform China

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