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Immunogenicity,effectiveness,and safety of COVID‑19 vaccines among children and adolescents aged 2–18 years:an updated systematic review and meta‑analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第11期19卷 1041-1054页

作者： Peng Gao Liang‑Yu Kang Jue Liu Min Liu Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityNo.38Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China institute for global health and Development Peking UniversityNo.5Yiheyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100871China

Background During the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,there is an urgent need for safe and effective COVID-19 vaccines to protect children and *** study aims to provide scientific evidence and recommendations for the application of COVID-19 vaccines in children and adolescents by analyzing the latest *** We systematically searched MEDLINE(accessed through PubMed),Embase,and Web of Science from January 1,2020,to October 8,*** clinical trials,cohort studies,case‒control studies,and cross-sectional studies with extractable data were included in immunogenicity,effectiveness,and safety *** to the heterogeneity,we chose a fixed-effect model(when I2≤50)or a random-effects model(when I2>50)to pool effect *** A total of 88 articles were *** seroconversion rates after the first,second,and third doses of the vaccines were 86.10%,96.52%,and 99.87%,*** the first and second doses,vaccine effectiveness(VE)against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was 42.87%[95%confidence interval(CI)=27.09%–58.65%]and 63.33%(95%CI=52.09%–74.56%),*** the first and second doses,VE against COVID-19 was 60.65%(95%CI=44.80%–76.50%)and 75.77%(95%CI=63.99%–87.56%),*** against hospitalization due to COVID-19 after the first and second doses was 72.74%(95%CI=51.48%–94.01%)and 82.78%(95%CI=75.78%–89.78%),*** most common adverse events were injection site pain,fatigue/asthenia/tiredness,headache,myalgia/muscle pain,and *** incidence rate of myocarditis or pericarditis was 2.42/100,000 *** addition,the subgroup analysis showed that children aged≤5 years had the lowest incidence of adverse events,and the incidence rate of adverse events was higher for mRNA vaccines than for inactivated *** COVID-19 vaccines have good immunogenicity,effectiveness,and safety among children and *** recommend that children and adoles

关键词： Children COVID-19 vaccines Effectiveness Immunogenicity Safety

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Impact of immunization programs on 11 childhood vaccine-preventable diseases in China: 1950–2018

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The Innovation 2021年第2期2卷 109-116页

作者： Jinhua Pan Yesheng Wang Lingsheng Cao Ying Wang Qi Zhao Shenglan Tang Wenfeng Gong Lei Guo Zhixi Liu Zexuan Wen Bo Zheng Weibing Wang Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China school of public health Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of EducationFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China National Immunization Program Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Department of Social Medicine School of Public HealthFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Duke global health institute Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation SeattleWA 98109USA These authors contributed equally

To evaluate the achievements of China’s immunization program between 1950 and 2018,we chose 11 vaccine-preventable diseases(VPDs)as representative notifiable diseases and used annual surveillance data obtained between 1950 and 2018 to derive disease incidence and mortality ***-Poisson and polynomial regression models were used to estimate the impacts of specific vaccine programs,and life-table methods were used to calculate the loss of life expectancy,years of life lost,and loss of working *** total notification number for the 11 VPDs was 211,866,000 from 1950 to *** greatest number occurred in 1959,with a total incidence of 1,723 per million *** 1978 to 2018,a substantial decline was observed in the incidence of major infectious *** incidence of pertussis fell 98%from 126.35 to 1.58 per million,and the incidences of measles,meningococcal meningitis,and Japanese encephalitis fell 99%,99%,and 98%,*** regression models showed that most of the 11 diseases exhibited dramatic declines in morbidity after their integration into the Expanded Program on Immunization(EPI),while varicella and paratyphoid fever,which were not integrated into the EPI,showed increased *** 1978 to 2018,the total life expectancy for the 11 VPDs increased by 0.79 years,and similar results were obtained for different age *** has had great success in controlling VPDs in recent decades,and improving vaccination coverage is a key aspect of controlling VPDs in China.

关键词： China vaccine-preventable diseases morbidity mortality immunization

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Facilities for Centralized Isolation and Quarantine for the Observation and Treatment of Patients with COVID-19

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Engineering 2021年第7期7卷 908-913页

作者： Xianliang Wang Jiao Wang Jin Shen John SJi Lijun Pan Hang Liu Kangfeng Zhao Li Li Bo Ying Lin Fan Liubo Zhang Lin Wang Xiaoming Shi China CDC Key Laboratory of Environment and Population health National Institute of Environmental HealthChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 100021China Environmental Research Center Duke Kunshan UniversityKunshan 215316China Nicholas school of the Environment Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708USA Center for global health School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic increased the burden on many healthcare systems and in the process,exposed the need for medical resources and physical *** few studies discussed the efficient utilization of medical resources and physical space so ***,this study aimed to summarize experiences related to facilities used for centralized isolation for medical observation and treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic in China and to provide suggestions to further improve the management of confirmed cases,suspected cases,and close *** China,three types of facilities for centralized isolation(Fangcang shelter hospitals,refitted non-designated hospitals,and quarantine hotels)underwent retrofitting for the treatment and isolation of confirmed and suspected *** facilities mitigated the immediate high demand for ***,in order to minimize infection risks in these facilities,regulators and governmental agencies implemented new designs,management measures,and precautionary measures to minimize infection *** countries and regions could refer to China’s experience in optimally allocating social resources in response to the COVID-19 *** a conclusion,government should allocate social resources and construct centralized isolation and quarantine facilities for an emergency response,health authorities should issue regulations for centralized isolation facilities and pay strict attention to the daily management of these facilities,a multidisciplinary administration team is required to support the daily operation of a centralized isolation facility,in-depth studies and international collaboration on the centralized isolation policy are encouraged.

关键词： Centralized isolation Risk control Infectious patients Close contacts Coronavirus disease

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Factors determining membership in community-based health insurance in West Africa:a scoping review

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global health Research and Policy 2022年第1期7卷 44-60页

作者： Kaba Kanko Conde Aboubacar Mariama Camara Manar Jallal Mohamed Khalis Saad Zbiri Vincent De Brouwere International school of public health Mohammed VI University of Health SciencesBld Mohammed Taïeb NaciriCommune Hay Hassani82403 Casa-blancaMorocco Laboratory of public health Health Economics and Health ManagementMohammed VI University of Health SciencesCasablancaMorocco Knowledge for health Policies Centre CasablancaMorocco Department of public health Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBel-gium school of Tropical Medicine and global health University of NagasakiNagasakiJapan

Background:In many low-income countries,households bear most of the health care ***-based health insurance(CBHI)schemes have multiplied since the 1990s in West *** have significantly improved their members’access to health ***,a large proportion of users are reluctant to subscribe to a local *** the major factors affecting membership will be useful for improving CBHI *** objective of this research is to obtain a general overview of existing evidence on the determinants of CBHI membership in West ***:A review of studies reporting on the factors determining membership in CBHI schemes in West Africa was conducted using guidelines developed by the Joanna Briggs *** databases were searched(PubMed,ScienceDirect,global health database,Embase,EconLit,***,BDPS,Cochrane database and Google Scholar)for relevant articles available by August 15,2022,with no methodological or linguistic restrictions in electronic databases and grey ***:The initial literature search resulted in 1611 studies,and 10 studies were identified by other *** eliminating duplicates,we reviewed the titles of the remaining 1275 studies and excluded 1080 irrelevant studies based on title and 124 studies based on *** the 71 full texts assessed for eligibility,32 additional papers were excluded(not relevant,outside West Africa,poorly described results)and finally 39 studies were included in the *** that negatively affect CBHI membership include advanced age,low education,low household income,poor quality of care,lack of trust in providers and remoteness,rules considered too strict or inappropriate,low trust in administrators and inadequate information ***:This study shows many lessons to be learned from a variety of countries and initiatives that could make CBHI an effective tool for increasing access to quality health care in order to achieve universal health cover

关键词： Community-based health insurance Mutual health organisations Membership Universal health coverage health financing West Africa

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Modifiable Risk Factors in the Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes:Implications and Future Directions for China

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China CDC weekly 2023年第45期5卷 999-1000页

作者： Tingting Geng Gang Liu An Pan school of public health&institute of Nutrition Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina school of public health Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan CityHubei ProvinceChina

Diabetes,marked by an elevated concentration of blood glucose,presents a substantial global public health *** is estimated that around 537 million adults(20-79 years)globally suffer from diabetes,primarily type 2 diabetes in *** figure is projected to increase to 783 million by *** of 2021,the countries with the greatest number of adults living with diabetes are China,India,and Pakistan(1).According to data obtained from the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factors Surveillance,the estimated prevalence of diabetes was 12.4%in 2018(2).Diabetes is acknowledged as a multifaceted cardiorenal-metabolic ailment associated with diverse metabolic and homeostatic disturbances that evolve over time(3).Although genetics contribute to the susceptibility to diabetes,increasing evidence suggests that modifiable risk factors,such as lifestyle(including nutrition and physical activity)and socioeconomic status(SES),play a pivotal role in both preventing and managing the disease.

关键词： Diabetes globally evolve

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Preventing Birth Defects:Implications and Prospects

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China CDC weekly 2023年第36期5卷 789-790页

作者： Jufen Liu institute of Reproductive and Child health/National health Commission Key Laboratory of Reproductive health Peking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina

Efforts to lower maternal and neonatal mortality rates and enhance the quality of maternal and child care are pivotal,particularly in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).These initiatives are critical for the realization of the Sustainable Development Goals by *** 2019,congenital anomalies ranked as the tenth leading cause of global health loss(1).These conditions,also known as birth defects(BDs).

关键词： income realization Sustainable

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Melatonin and probiotics ameliorate nanoplastics-induced hematopoietic injury by modulating the gut microbiotametabolism

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Nano Research 2023年第2期16卷 2885-2894页

作者： Lei Zhang Jiaru Jing Lin Han Ziyan Liu Jingyu Wang Wei Zhang Ai Gao Department of Occupational health and Environmental health School of Public HealthCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology Capital Medical UniversityBeijing 100069China

Plastic pollution has become a non-negligible global pollution ***(NP)can reach the bone marrow with blood circulation and develop hematotoxicity,but potential mechanisms and prevention strategies are ***,we report the biological distribution of NP particles in the bone marrow of mice and hematopoietic toxicity after exposure to 60μg of 80 nm NP for 42 *** exposure inhibited the capability of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells to renew and ***,probiotics and melatonin supplementation significantly ameliorated NP-induced hematopoietic damage,and the former was superior to the *** interestingly,melatonin and probiotic interventions may involve different microbes and *** melatonin intervention,creatine showed a stronger correlation with NP-induced gut microbiota *** contrast,probiotic intervention reversed the levels of more gut microbes and plasma *** these,threonine,malonylcarnitine,and 3-hydroxybutyric acid might be potential performers in the regulation of hematopoietic toxicity by gut microbes,as they had a more significant relationship with the identified *** conclusion,supplementation with melatonin or probiotics may be two candidates to prevent hematopoietic toxicity attributable to NP ***,the multi-omics results may lay the foundation for future investigations into in-depth mechanisms.

关键词： gut microbiota-metabolism melatonin probiotics nanoplastics exposure hematopoietic injury

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Towards Sustainable Development Goals:Study on the Consequences of Food Insecurity Among global Population—Worldwide,2022

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China CDC weekly 2022年第27期4卷 583-587,I0002页

作者： Ping He Wanwei Dai Yanan Luo Ruoxi Ding Xiaoying Zheng China Center for health Development Studies Peking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Scientific Research Administration Peking University The Third HospitalBeijingChina Department of global health School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina school of Population Medicine and public health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina.

Summary What is already known about this topic?The global population is predicted to reach 8 billion by the end of 2022,which can delay the progress and exacerbate the challenges of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),especially the goal of“Zero Hunger.”What is added by this report?During the next 15 years,it is predicted that the world’s population will increase from 8 billion to 9 billion *** food insecurity is anticipated to decrease over the next three decades for most of the world,food insecurity is anticipated to increase in *** population growth is projected to lead to larger percentages of infants with low birth weight and of children under 5 years old with stunted *** are the implications for public health practice?Rapid population growth will make it more difficult to achieve the SDGs for ending hunger and ensuring good health and *** is important to develop foresight and adopt proactive planning that is guided by careful demographic analysis.

关键词： Population population delay

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State fragility and the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic:an ecologic analysis of data from 146 countries

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global health Journal 2021年第1期5卷 18-23页

作者： Yuqi Duan Junxiong Ma Yangmu Huang Xinguang Chen Zhi-Jie Zheng Department of global health School of Public HealthPeking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China institute for global health Peking University38 Xueyuan RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100191China Department of Epidemiology College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32610USA

Background:global spread and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic are determined to a large extent,by resistance to the pandemic and public response of all countries in the world;while a country's resistance and response are in turn determined by its political and socio economic *** inform future disease prevention and control,we analyzed global data to exam the relationship between state vulnerabilities and COVID-19 incidences and ***:Vulnerability was measured using the Fragile States Index(FSI).FSI is created by the Fund for Peace to assess levels of fragility for individual *** FSI score and scores for 12 specific indicators were used as the predictor *** variables were national cumulative COVID-19 cases and deaths up to September 16,2020,derived from the World health *** incidence rates were computed using 2019 National population derived from the World Bank,and case fatality rates were computed as the ratio of deaths/COVID-19 *** with incomplete data were excluded,yielding a final sample of 146 *** regression was used to examine the association between the predictor and the outcome ***:There were dramatic cross-country variations in both FSI and COVID-19 epidemiological *** total scores were negatively associated with both COVID-19 cumulative incidence rates(β=-0.0135,P<0.001)and case fatality rates(β=-0.0147,P<0.05).Of the 12 FSI indicators,three negatively associated with COVID-19 incidences were E1(Economic Decline and Poverty),E3(Human Flight and Brain Drain),and S2(Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons);two positively associated were P1(State Legitimacy)and X1(External Intervention).With regard to association with case fatality rates,C1(Security Apparatus)was positive,and P3(Human Rights and Rule of Law)and X1 was ***:With FSI measures by the Fund of Peace,overall,more fragile countries are les

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Pandemic State fragility State fragility index Preparedness and response strengthening

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Factors influencing COVID-19 testing:a qualitative study in Bhutan

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global health Research and Policy 2022年第1期7卷 482-493页

作者： Sonam Yangchen Solip Ha Abraham Assan Tashi Tobgay institute of health Partners ThimphuBhutan Seoul National University Graduate school of public health SeoulSouth Korea global Policy and Advocacy Network(GLOOPLAN) AccraGhana

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic has reaffirmed an all-knowing truth—that health is central in the 2030 Sustainable Development *** fully control the infection in a community,accurate testing of suspected cases along with effective tracing and appropriate treatment(3Ts)is still crucial to slowing transmission of COVID-19 virus This study explored factors that influenced COVID-19 testing in *** lessons learned from this study could serve as a roadmap to strengthen the current respond to COVID-19 and for future outbreaks,particularly in low-and middle-income ***:The study employed an exploratory qualitative *** collection methods included interviews with key informants with a purposively selected sample of 20 *** interview findings were augmented by reviewing both published literature and unpublished *** the analysis of qualitative interviews,a hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding and theme development was conducted to analyze findings.A tailored version of the WHO health System Framework incorporating the Essential public health Function was used to guide data ***:Political will through the influence and leadership of the King of Bhutan played a crucial role in raising attention to the problem,and provision of adequate financial and technical relief to ensure that all people irrespective of their socioeconomic status do not pay to get tested of COVID-19.A compassionate leadership,Whole of Society approach is backed by the scientific community,functional health systems and community-based approaches,use of information technology for awareness creation and improved surveillance system,and fast-tracked COVID-19 testing service ***:Bhutan’s success relied greatly on multi-sectoral and systematic approach during policy design,implementation and monitoring,and active collaborative efforts involving consultation and engagements with a broad range of local(community memb

关键词： testing qualitative inductive

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