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Exploring the association of paid sick leave with healthcare utilization and health outcomes in the United States:a rapid evidence review

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global Health Journal 2023年第1期7卷 9-17页

作者： Suhang Song Brian H.Calhoun James E.Kucik Kristin J.Konnyu Renata Hilson Policy Research Analysisand Development OfficeOffice of the Associate Director for Policy and StrategyUS Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA 30329USA The Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Oak RidgeTN 37830USA Department of Health Policy and Management College of Public HealthUniversity of GeorgiaAthenGA 30602USA Center for Evidence Synthesis in Health School of Public HealthBrown UniversityProvidence RI02912USA

Objective:Paid sick leave(PSL)laws mandate employers give workers paid time off when they are sick or *** current study aims to examine whether access to PSL is associated with healthcare utilization and health outcomes and to summarize the types of utilization and outcomes which have been reported to be associated with ***:We conducted a rapid evidence *** search of seven databases,including Medline,Embase,PsycINFO,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Scopus,and JSTOR,on September 21,2020,identified 757 studies,30 of which were ***:Previous evidence is mostly provided by cross-sectional studies with survey *** this study,evidence suggests that PSL is significantly associated with some types of healthcare utilization and health *** terms of healthcare utilization,findings indicate PSL is associated with an increase in the use of some preventive sendees and a decrease in the use of emergency care;while findings are mixed regarding associations of PSL with health provider visits and the use of mammograms and pap *** for health outcomes,findings suggest PSL is associated with improved mental and self-rated health,decreased incidence of influenza-like illness,and lower occupational injuries and mortality ***:PSL may be an effective tool in improving some healthcare utilization and health *** research could help identify mechanisms through which PSL access works and identify what policy components lead to better outcomes.

关键词： Paid sick leave healthcare utilization Health outcomes Rapid evidence revie

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The barriers to global eye care equity and the role of digital innovations

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Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research 2021年第2期1卷 1-4页

作者： Sifan Zheng Justin Choo Jessica Chen Sarala Joshi Zhaohui Sun GKT school of Medical Education King's College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom Imperial College school of Medicine LondonUnited Kingdom Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina

*** Ophthalmology has benefited from a myriad of digital innovations ranging from simple virtual clinics to complex deep-learning imaging analysis.1 With an increasingly ageing global population,the need for population eye health planning is paramount and should be recognised as an essential aspect of overall health.2 However,high-quality eye health services are often not universally *** is especially the case in low middle-income countries(LMICs),whose populations suffer far more in blindness and visual impairment compared to wealthier countries.3 Numerous social determinants,including low education levels,poverty,physical distance,and socio-cultural situations,can all contribute towards inequitable access to eye care services.4 New modes of healthcare delivery proposed by digital innovations have the potential to reduce inequity.

关键词： services global income

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国内外全科医生离职意愿研究进展

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中国全科医学 2021年第22期24卷 2770-2776页

作者：申鑫姜恒冯晶甘勇卢祖洵华中科技大学同济医学院公共卫生学院湖北省武汉市430030 school of Psychology and Public Health La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoria VIC 3000Australia

降低全科医生离职意愿,加强全科医生人才队伍建设,是加强基层医疗卫生服务体系建设、建立分级诊疗制度、维护和增进人民群众健康、实现“健康中国”目标意义的关键环节。本研究从全球范围内初级卫生保健供给不足、我国对全科医学与全科... 详细信息

降低全科医生离职意愿,加强全科医生人才队伍建设,是加强基层医疗卫生服务体系建设、建立分级诊疗制度、维护和增进人民群众健康、实现“健康中国”目标意义的关键环节。本研究从全球范围内初级卫生保健供给不足、我国对全科医学与全科医生的重视日益提高的现状入手,探讨全科医生在初级卫生保健中的作用,系统分析降低全科医生离职意愿的重要意义,全面总结影响全科医生离职意愿的人口学特征、工作满意度、组织认同度、薪酬待遇和工作积极性关键因素,提出应对我国全科医生离职意愿的政策建议,为相关部门制定政策和措施、稳定全科医生队伍、提升全科医生的职业吸引力提供参考。

关键词：全科医生离职意愿综述

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Climate factors affect forest biomass allocation by altering soil nutrient availability and leaf traits

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2023年第10期65卷 2292-2303页

作者： Hede Gong Wenchen Song Jiangfeng Wang Xianxian Wang Yuhui Ji Xinyu Zhang Jie Gao school of Geography and Ecotourism Southwest Forestry UniversityKunming 650224China College of Life Sciences Minzu University of ChinaBeijing 100081China College of Life Sciences Xinjiang Normal UniversityUrumqi 830054China College of Biological Sciences University of California DavisDavis 95616CaliforniaUSA Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes of Ministry of Education College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100091China

Biomass in forests sequesters substantial amounts of carbon;although the contribution of aboveground biomass has been extensively studied, the contribution of belowground biomass remains understudied. Investigating the forest biomass allocation is crucial for understanding the impacts of global change on carbon allocation and ***, the question of how climate factors affect biomass allocation in natural and planted forests remains unresolved. Here, we addressed this question by collecting data from 384 planted forests and 541 natural forests in China. We evaluated the direct and indirect effects of climate factors on the belowground biomass proportion(BGBP). The average BGBP was 31.09% in natural forests and was significantly higher(38.75%) in planted forests. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease in BGBP with increasing temperature and precipitation. Climate factors, particularly those affecting soil factors, such as p H,strongly affected the BGBP in natural and planted forests. Based on our results, we propose that future studies should consider the effects of forest type(natural or planted) and soil factors on BGBP.

关键词： aboveground and belowground biomass allocation natural forest planted forest precipitation soil factors temper-ature

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Metabolic complications of hepatitis C virus infection

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第13期27卷 1267-1282页

作者： Rahul Chaudhari Sherouk Fouda Ashik Sainu Joseph M Pappachan Department of Medicine Pennsylvania Hospital of the University of PennsylvaniaPennsylvaniaPA 19104United States school of Health and Biomedical Sciences RMIT UniversityMelbourne VIC 3000Australia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Aster Oman HospitalAl GhubraMuscat OM 133Oman Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom

Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is a systemic disease that is implicated in multiple extrahepatic organ dysfunction contributing to its protean manifestations. HCV is associated with diverse extrahepatic disorders including atherosclerosis, glucose and lipid metabolic disturbances, alterations in the iron metabolic pathways, and lymphoproliferative diseases over and above the traditional liver manifestations of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The orchestration between HCV major proteins and the liver-muscle-adipose axis, poses a major burden on the global health of human body organs, if not adequately addressed. The close and inseparable associations between chronic HCV infection, metabolic disease, and cardiovascular disorders are specifically important considering the increasing prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, and their economic burden to patients, the healthcare systems, and society. Cellular and molecular mechanisms governing the interplay of these organs and tissues in health and disease are therefore of significant interest. The coexistence of metabolic disorders and chronic hepatitis C infection also enhances the progression to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The presence of metabolic disorders is believed to influence the chronicity and virulence of HCV leading to liver disease progression. This comprehensive review highlights current knowledge on the metabolic manifestations of hepatitis C and the potential pathways in which these metabolic changes can influence the natural history of the disease.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis C infection Insulin resistance Metabolic syndrome Cardiovascular diseases Fatty liver Diabetes mellitus

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Acute coronary syndromes： an old age problem

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2012年第2期9卷 192-196页

作者： Alexander D Simms Philip D Batin John Kurian Nigel Durham Christopher P Gale Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics Level 8 Worsley Building University of Leeds Clarendon Way West Yorkshire Leeds LS2 9JT UK Hull and York Medical school York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust York Y031 8HE UK Department of Cardiology York Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust York Y031 8HE UK Department of Cardiology Mid Yorkshire NHS Trust Wakefield WF1 4DG UK Department of Cardiology Bradford Teaching Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Bradford UK

The increasing population in older age will lead to greater numbers of them presenting with acute coronary syndromes （ACS）. This has implications on global healthcare resources and necessitates better management and selection for evidenced-based therapies. The elderly are a high risk group with more significant treatment benefits than younger ACS. Nevertheless, age related inequalities in ACS care are recognised and persist. This discrepancy in care, to some extent, is explained by the higher frequency of atypical and delayed presentations in the elderly, and less diagnostic electrocardiograms at presentation, potentiating a delay in ACS diagnosis. Under estimation of mortality risk in the elderly due to limited consideration for physiological tiailty, co-morbidity, cognitive/psychological impairment and physical disability, less input by cardiology specialists and lack of randomised, controlled trials data to guide management in the elderly may further confound the inequality of care. While these inequalities exist, there remains a substantial opportunity to improve age related ACS outcomes. The selection of elderly patients for specific therapies and medication regimens are unanswered. There is a growing need for randomised, controlled trial data to be more representative of the population and enroll those of advanced age with co-morbidity. A lack of reporting of adverse events, such as renal impairment post coronary angiography, in the elderly further limit risk benefit decisions. Substantial improvements in care of elderly ACS patients are required and should be advocated. Ultimately, these improvements are likely to lead to better outcomes post ACS. However, the improvement in outcome is not infinite and will be limited by non-modifiable factors of age-related risk.

关键词： Acute coronary syndromes Elderly patients Inequalities of care Evidenced-based treatments

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Predictors of the Aggregate of COVID-19 Cases and Its Case-Fatality: A global Investigation Involving 120 Countries

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Open Journal of Statistics 2021年第2期11卷 259-277页

作者： Sarah Al-Gahtani Mohamed Shoukri Maha Al-Eid Department of Internal Medicine King Fahd Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry University of Western Ontario London Ontario Canada Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Scientific Computing King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh Saudi Arabia

Objective: Since the identification of COVID-19 in December 2019 as a pandemic, over 4500 research papers were published with the term “COVID-19” contained in its title. Many of these reports on the COVID-19 pandemic suggested that the coronavirus was associated with more serious chronic diseases and mortality particularly in patients with chronic diseases regardless of country and age. Therefore, there is a need to understand how common comorbidities and other factors are associated with the risk of death due to COVID-19 infection. Our investigation aims at exploring this relationship. Specifically, our analysis aimed to explore the relationship between the total number of COVID-19 cases and mortality associated with COVID-19 infection accounting for other risk factors. Methods: Due to the presence of over dispersion, the Negative Binomial Regression is used to model the aggregate number of COVID-19 cases. Case-fatality associated with this infection is modeled as an outcome variable using machine learning predictive multivariable regression. The data we used are the COVID-19 cases and associated deaths from the start of the pandemic up to December 02-2020, the day Pfizer was granted approval for their new COVID-19 vaccine. Results: Our analysis found significant regional variation in case fatality. Moreover, the aggregate number of cases had several risk factors including chronic kidney disease, population density and the percentage of gross domestic product spent on healthcare. The Conclusions: There are important regional variations in COVID-19 case fatality. We identified three fac

关键词： Intraclass Correlation Coefficient Hierarchical Data Structure Negative Binomial Regression Data Splitting Mixed Effects Linear Regression Model

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Improving the law on the prevention and control of occupational diseases in China: an employer-supporting management perspective

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global Health Journal 2020年第2期4卷 33-41页

作者： Min Zhang Jorma Rantanen school of Public Health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College9 Dongdan San TiaoBeijing 100730China Department of Public Health/Occupational Health University of HelsinkiP.O.BOX 20(Tukholmankatu 8 B)FIN-00014 HelsinkiFinland

A healthy workforce is fundamental for China to pursue its Healthy China 2030 strategy and the UN Sustainable Development *** Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases(the Chinese OD Law),which has been amended four times since its adoption in 2002,is the core and cornerstone of the entire regulatory system for occupational *** addition to discussing the new institutional reforms,which are relevant to China’s regulatory system for occupational diseases(ODs)because of their marked impact on healthcare system reform,we present further evidence,mainly drawn from desk and field *** study focuses on the barriers that employers face in complying with the Chinese OD Law and explores the optimized employer-initiated management system,which requires further amendments to the Chinese OD Law,as the State Council of China has prioritized this issue as a top *** first summarize the key characteristics of the Chinese OD Law and illustrate employers’essential obligations,and then analyze the critical challenges that employers face regarding OD prevention and *** demonstrate good practices and experiences in China,and,finally,propose recommendations for further amendments to the Chinese OD Law in the near *** recommendations can be achieved only through integrating the healthcare system reform with mechanism innovation.

关键词： Occupational diseases Occupational health Law Employer China

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Machine Learning-Based Scoring System for Early Prognosis Evaluation of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2023年第2期3卷 83-89页

作者： Hao-Min Zhang Lei Shi Hao-Ran Chen Jun-Dong Zhang Ge-Liang Liu Zi-Ning Wang Peng Zhi Run-Sheng Wang Zhuo-Yang Li Xi-Meng Chen Fu-Sheng Wang Xue-Chun Lu Department of Hematology the Second Medical CenterChinese PLA General Hospital BeijingNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseaseBeijing 100853China Department of Infectious Diseases the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseasesBeijing 100039China Wuhan Huo-Shen-Shan Hospital WuhanHubei ProvinceChina Management school Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030002China Medical school of Chinese PLA Beijing 100853China Department of Respiratory Medicine the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesMedical College of PLAChinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853China

Background The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)continues to threaten human health security,exerting considerable pressure on healthcare systems *** prognostic models for COVID-19 hospitalized or intensive care patients are currently available,prognostic models developed for large cohorts of thousands of individuals are still *** Between February 4 and April 16,2020,we enrolled 3,974 patients admitted with COVID-19 disease in the Wuhan Huo-Shen-Shan Hospital and the Maternal and Child Hospital,Hubei Province,China.(1)Screening of key prognostic factors:A univariate Cox regression analysis was performed on 2,649 patients in the training set,and factors affecting prognosis were initially ***,a random survival forest model was established through machine analysis to further screen for factors that are important for ***,multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine the synergy among various factors related to prognosis.(2)Establishment of a scoring system:The nomogram algorithm established a COVID-19 patient death risk assessment scoring system for the nine selected key prognostic factors,calculated the C index,drew calibration curves and drew training set patient survival curves.(3)Verification of the scoring system:The scoring system assessed 1,325 patients in the test set,splitting them into high-and low-risk groups,calculated the C-index,and drew calibration and survival *** The cross-sectional study found that age,clinical classification,sex,pulmonary insufficiency,hypoproteinemia,and four other factors(underlying diseases:blood diseases,malignant tumor;complications:digestive tract bleeding,heart dysfunction)have important significance for the prognosis of the enrolled patients with ***,we report the discovery of the effects of hypoproteinemia and hematological diseases on the prognosis of ***,the scoring system established here can effectiv

关键词： COVID-19 Machine learning Prognosis model

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Factors influencing quality of life in Chinese patients with dementia: a systematic review

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Aging Communications 2023年第2期5卷 35-42页

作者： Jin-Long Ma Bao-Jian Wei Yan-Mei Lang school of Nursing Yanbian UniversityYanji 133000China school of Nursing Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesTaian 271000China

Background:Dementia is a group of nervous system diseases characterized by progressive cognitive decline,leading to a loss of self-care ability and a decline in *** places a significant burden on the global healthcare system,with Chinese patients accounting for approximately one-quarter of the world’s dementia ***,it is crucial to identify factors that impact the quality of life(QOL)among elderly Chinese individuals with ***:To achieve this,we conducted a comprehensive search of several databases,including PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,China VIP Database and China Biomedical Literature *** reviewed cross-sectional studies from the inception of these databases until March 27,*** outcomes were assessed using standardized scales in the studies included in this ***:The search yielded a total of 1,235 relevant articles,from which we finally included 21 cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal study after rigorous quality *** these,10 studies were classified as high quality,while 12 were classified as fair *** our analysis,we identified 28 patient-rated QOL factors and 14 caregiver-rated QOL *** factors were categorized into three groups:patient,disease-related and *** commonly found to influence patient-rated QOL included age,education,marital status,depression,self-care ability,dementia severity,cognitive function,behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and caregiver ***,factors commonly influencing caregiver-rated QOL included economic status,depression,self-care ability,dementia severity,cognitive function,behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and caregiving ***:This review clarifies the factors that influence the QOL of Chinese individuals with *** implementing interventions,it is crucial to consider the differences between pati

关键词： dementia Alzheimer’s disease quality of life social support protective factors

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