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Solution‑Processed Thin Film Transparent Photovoltaics:Present Challenges and Future Development

Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第2期17卷 566-600页

作者： Tianle Liu Munerah M.S.Almutairi Jie Ma Aisling Stewart Zhaohui Xing Mengxia Liu Bo Hou Yuljae Cho UM-SJTU Joint institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China School of Physics and Astronomy Cardiff UniversityCardiff CF243AAWalesUK Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06511USA energy Sciences institute Yale UniversityWest HavenCT 06516USA Future Photovoltaics research Center Global Institute of Future TechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People’s Republic of China

Electrical energy is essential for modern society to sustain economic *** soaring demand for the electrical energy,together with an awareness of the environmental impact of fossil fuels,has been driving a shift towards the utilization of solar ***,traditional solar energy solutions often require extensive spaces for a panel installation,limiting their practicality in a dense urban *** overcome the spatial constraint,researchers have developed transparent photovoltaics(TPV),enabling windows and facades in vehicles and buildings to generate electric *** TPV advancements are focused on improving both transparency and power output to rival commercially available silicon solar *** this review,we first briefly introduce wavelength-and non-wavelengthselective strategies to achieve *** of merit and theoretical limits of TPVs are discussed to comprehensively understand the status of current TPV *** we highlight recent progress in different types of TPVs,with a particular focus on solution-processed thin-film photovoltaics(PVs),including colloidal quantum dot PVs,metal halide perovskite PVs and organic *** applications of TPVs are also reviewed,with emphasis on agrivoltaics,smart windows and ***,current challenges and future opportunities in TPV research are pointed out.

关键词： Transparent semiconductors Solution-processable transparent solar cell Emerging solar cell materials Buildingintegrated photovoltaics

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Alternative Strategy for Development of Dielectric Calcium Copper Titanate‑Based Electrolytes for Low‑Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 310-332页

作者： Sajid Rauf Muhammad Bilal Hanif Zuhra Tayyab Matej Veis MAKYousaf Shah Naveed Mushtaq Dmitry Medvedev Yibin Tian Chen Xia Martin Motola Bin Zhu College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060People’s Republic of China Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University BratislavaIlkovicova684215 BratislavaSlovakia energy Storage Joint research Center School of Energy and EnvironmentSoutheast UniversityNanjing 210096People’s Republic of China Hydrogen energy Laboratory Ural Federal University620002 EkaterinburgRussia Laboratory of Electrochemical Devices Based on Solid Oxide Proton Electrolytes Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry620066 EkaterinburgRussia School of Microelectronics Hubei UniversityWuhan 430062People’s Republic of China

The development of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells(LT-SOFCs)is of significant importance for realizing the widespread application of *** has stimulated a substantial materials research effort in developing high oxide-ion conductivity in the electrolyte layer of *** this context,for the first time,a dielectric material,CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12)(CCTO)is designed for LT-SOFCs electrolyte application in this *** individual CCTO and its heterostructure materials with a p-type Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ)(NCAL)semiconductor are evaluated as alternative electrolytes in LT-SOFC at 450–550℃.The single cell with the individual CCTO electrolyte exhibits a power output of approximately 263 mW cm^(-2) and an open-circuit voltage(OCV)of 0.95 V at 550℃,while the cell with the CCTO–NCAL heterostructure electrolyte capably delivers an improved power output of approximately 605 mW cm^(-2) along with a higher OCV over 1.0 V,which indicates the introduction of high hole-conducting NCAL into the CCTO could enhance the cell performance rather than inducing any potential short-circuiting *** is found that these promising outcomes are due to the interplay of the dielectric material,its structure,and overall properties that led to improve electrochemical mechanism in CCTO–***,density functional theory calculations provide the detailed information about the electronic and structural properties of the CCTO and NCAL and their heterostructure CCTO–*** study thus provides a new approach for developing new advanced electrolytes for LT-SOFCs.

关键词： LT-SOFCs Dielectric CaCu_(3)Ti_(4)O_(12) Semiconductor Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_(2−δ) Ionic conductivity Heterostructure electrolyte

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Monogenic gene therapy for glaucoma and optic nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第3期20卷 815-816页

作者： Chikako Harada Xiaoli Guo Takayuki Harada Visual research Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan

The prevalence of glaucoma, the second leading cause of global blindness, is increasing due to aging populations. In glaucoma, degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) causes visual field defec... 详细信息

关键词： visual glaucoma degeneration

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Asking one mechanism in glial cells during neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第4期20卷 1077-1078页

作者： Xiaoli Guo Chikako Harada Takayuki Harada Visual research Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan

Multiple sclerosis(MS),which is characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system(CNS),is the most common neurological disease in the young adult *** autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),an animal model of MS,is often used in preclinical *** data indicate that in addition to immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells,CNS resident microglia and astrocytes play important roles in demyelinating neuroinflammation(Healy et al.,2022).In particular,microglia are key immune-competent cells that can respond to environmental *** depletion of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1,a mitogen-associated protein kinase kinase kinase,in microglia is reported to reduce CNS inflammation and diminish axonal and myelin damage *** suggests that elucidating the mechanisms of microglia-specific responses during pathologies may help in the development of treatments that reduce EAE/MS disease severity(Goldmann et al.,2013).

关键词： inflammation clinical

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Glia-to-neuron reprogramming to the rescue?

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1395-1396页

作者： Jack W.Hickmott Cindi M.Morshead Department of Surgery University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular research TorontoONCanada institute of Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada The KITE research institute Toronto Rehabilitation InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada

Over the last two decades,the dogma that cell fate is immutable has been increasingly challenged,with important implications for regenerative *** brea kth rough discovery that induced pluripotent stem cells could be generated from adult mouse fibroblasts is powerful proof that cell fate can be *** exciting extension of the discovery of cell fate impermanence is the direct cellular reprogram ming hypothesis-that terminally differentiated cells can be reprogrammed into other adult cell fates without first passing through a stem cell state.

关键词： programming passing proof

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Constraints on holographic QCD phase transitions from PTA observations

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2025年第1期Mechanics & Astronomy) .卷 71-78页

作者： Song He Li Li Sai Wang Shao-Jiang Wang Center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin University School of Physical Science and Technology Ningbo University Max Planck institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein institute) CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS) Theoretical Physics Division Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

The underlying physics of QCD phase transition in the early Universe remains largely unknown due to its strong-coupling nature during the quark-gluon plasma/hadron gas transition, yet a holographic model has been proposed to quantitatively fit the lattice QCD data while with its duration of the first-order phase transition(FoPT) left undetermined. At specific baryon chemical potential, the first-order QCD phase transition agrees with the observational constraint of baryon asymmetry. It, therefore, provides a scenario for phase transition gravitational waves(GWs) within the standard model of particle physics. If these background GWs could contribute dominantly to the recently claimed common-spectrum red noise from pulsar timing array(PTA) observations, the duration of this FoPT can be well constrained, and the associated primordial black holes are still allowed by current observations.

关键词： pulsar timing array QCD phase transition gravitational waves primordial black holes

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Optimized Protection Strategies for HVDC Grid with Fault-blocking Modular Multilevel Converters for Overhead Line Applications

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean energy 2020年第6期8卷 1168-1177页

作者： Sheng Yan Zhiyuan He Jie Yang Ming Kong Minqiang Hu Southeast University NanjingChina global energy Interconnection research institute BeijingChina

The high-voltage direct current(HVDC)grid has been recognized as an effective solution for renewable energy ***,two main development trends for HVDC grids are being studied:a DC breaker based HVDC grid and fault-blocking converter based HVDC *** the former has a perfect performance for fault clearance,its development is still highly constrained by the cost and maturity of DC *** latter can extinguish DC faults by the fault-blocking *** using DC breakers,there is no bottleneck in its technical ***,in fault scenarios,such types of HVDC grids will be blocked at length for air-deionization,which is its main *** aim of this paper is to minimize its power interruption time,by optimizing protection coordination *** cover the most complex cases,the overhead line applications,in which the reclosure actions are required to be implemented,are *** this paper,the protection requirements of HVDC grids are first discussed,then the benefits of fault-blocking modular multilevel converters(MMCs)and their fault features are *** on this,a control function is designed to reduce the air-deionization *** minimize the influence of the DC faults,a separation methodology for restarting the system is *** effectiveness of the proposed protection coordination schemes is validated by PSCAD/EMTDC simulations.

关键词： Modular multilevel converter(MMC) high-voltage direct current(HVDC) overhead line fault-blocking converter protection coordination

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Fast Cycle Structure Detection for Power Grids Based on Graph Computing

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CSEE Journal of Power and energy Systems 2023年第6期9卷 2204-2213页

作者： Xinqiao Wang Kewen Liu Weijiang Lu Ting Zhao Baohua Zhao Xiaoming Liu the Computing&Application Technology research Division Global Energy Interconnection Research InstituteBeijing 102209China

The cycle structure in a power grid may lower the stability of the network;thus,it is of great significance to accu-rately and timely detect cycles in power grid ***,detecting possible cycles in a large-scale network can be highly time consuming and computationally *** addition,since the power grid's topology changes over time,cycles can appear and disappear,and it can be difficult to monitor them in real *** traditional computing systems,cycle detection requires considerable computational resources,making real-time cycle detection in large-scale power grids an impossible *** computing has shown excellent performance in many areas and has solved many practical graph-related problems,such as power flow calculation and state *** this article,a cycle detection method,the Paton method,is implemented and optimized on a graph computing *** cases are used to test its performance in an actual power grid topology *** results show that the graph computing-based Paton method reduces the time consumption by at least 60%compared to that of other methods.

关键词： Cycle detection graph computing power grid distribution grid

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Impedance Analysis Considering Unstable Subsystem Poles for MMC-HVDC-based Wind Farm Integration System

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CSEE Journal of Power and energy Systems 2022年第2期8卷 634-639页

作者： Ke Ji Hui Pang Shan Liu Guangfu Tang China Electric Power research institute Beijing100192China global energy Interconnection research institute Beijing 102211China

Employing the AC/DC impedance analysis method,extensive research has been conducted on issues pertaining to harmonic resonance observed in wind farm-connected MMCHVDC systems over the past 5 *** general,this method divides the studied system into two subsystems at AC and DC ***,the impedance produced by these subsystems can be used to determine the system stability by implementing Nyquist criterion or generalized Nyquist stability ***,the existing impedance analysis methods usually assume the subsystems to be stable and disregard certain special cases with potentially unstable subsystems,where the unstable poles of these subsystems must be evaluated before applying Nyquist *** view of this consideration,a simplified method for identifying unstable subsystem poles is presented in this ***,the shortcoming of existing impedance analyses is rectified by considering the unstable subsystem *** proposed method and the stability analyses are validated by the electromagnetic transient simulation performed in PSCAD/EMTDC.

关键词： AC/DC side impedance method harmonic resonance MMC-HVDC small-signal stability wind farm

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HVDC grid test models for different application scenarios and load flow studies

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean energy 2017年第2期5卷 262-274页

作者： Ting AN Congda HAN Yanan WU Guangfu TANG global energy Interconnection research institute Changping DistrictBeijing 102211China

High Voltage Direct Current(HVDC) grids are the most effective solutions for collection, integration and transmission of large scale remote renewable resources to load centers. A HVDC grid test model can provide a common reference and study platform for researchers to compare the performance and characteristics of a DC grid with different DC control functions and protection strategies. It can also provide reference cases for testing of simulators and digital programs. This paper proposes a comprehensive HVDC grid test model and the associated four sub test models for system studies to meet the research purposes and requirements for different DC grid application scenarios. The design concept, topologies, configurations and functions of the test models are described in detail and their basic system data for load flow studies are provided. Finally load flow simulation studies with PSS/E(Power System Simulator/Engineering) program for each of the models are undertaken and the corresponding results are presented and analyzed in the paper.

关键词： High voltage direct current(HVDC) Line commutated converter-HVDC(LCC-HVDC) Voltage source converter-HVDC(VSC-HVDC) DC grids Test models

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