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Performance of CRA-40 reanalysis in representing the Antarctic winter stratospheric circulation: a comparison with ERA-5 and MERRA-2

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2025年第02期 452-459页

作者： ZiXu Wang JingGao Hu Jing-Jia Luo Jian Rao ZongZe Li LiuChi Yan Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME) Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC) Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Institute for Climate and Application research (ICAR) Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG) Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

This paper evaluates a representation of winter stratospheric circulation in the Antarctic that is based on CRA-40, a 40-year global reanalysis dataset released by the China Meteorological Administration, and compares it with representations based on two other state-of-the-art reanalysis datasets: the fifth-generation atmospheric reanalysis provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ERA-5) and the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for research and Applications, version 2(MERRA-2). In terms of climatology, we find that CRA-40 portrays a stronger and colder polar vortex in the middle and lower stratosphere than ERA-5, but a weaker and warmer one than MERRA-2. However, disagreement among the three reanalyses is confined mainly to the period before1999, and is largely reduced after that time. On the interannual timescale, portrayals of the intensity and area of the 10-hPa polar vortex are quite consistent among the three reanalyses, with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9 between each pair of reanalyses. In addition, the central dates of most sudden stratospheric deceleration(SSD) events at 10 hPa in the three reanalyses differ by less than one day, indicating that CRA-40 is also highly consistent with the other two reanalysis datasets regarding daily evolution. Our analyses suggest that CRA-40 performs comparably to ERA-5 and MERRA-2 in characterizing winter circulation in the Antarctic middle and lower stratosphere.

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Finite element analysis and experimental study on the sealing performance of low-phenyl silicone rubber sealing rings

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Railway Sciences 2025年第1期4卷 123-137页

作者： Ming Gao Dongkai Li Kun Liu Shuliang Xu Feng Zhao Ben Guo Anhui Pan Xiao Xie Huanre Han Metals and Chemistry research Institute China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation LimitedBeijingChina Department of Locomotive and Car China State Railway Group Company LimitedBeijingChina Rolling Stock Department China Railway Harbin Group Company LimitedHarbinChina

Purpose–The brake pipe system was an essential braking component of the railway freight trains,but the existing E-type sealing rings had problems such as insufficient low-temperature resistance,poor heat stability and short service *** address these issues,low-phenyl silicone rubber was prepared and tested,and the finite element analysis and experimental studies on the sealing performance of its sealing rings were carried ***/methodology/approach–The low-temperature resistance and thermal stability of the prepared lowphenyl silicone rubber were studied using low-temperature tensile testing,differential scanning calorimetry,dynamic thermomechanical analysis and thermogravimetric *** sealing performance of the lowphenyl silicone rubber sealing ring was studied by using finite element analysis software abaqus and ***–The prepared low-phenyl silicone rubber sealing ring possessed excellent low-temperature resistance and thermal *** to the finite element analysis results,the finish of the flange sealing surface and groove outer edge should be ensured,and extrusion damage should be *** sealing rings were more susceptible to damage in high compression ratio and/or low-temperature *** the sealing effect was ensured,a small compression ratio should be selected,and rubbers with hardness and elasticity less affected by temperature should be *** prepared low-phenyl silicone rubber sealing ring had zero leakage at both room temperature(RT)and�***/value–The innovation of this study is that it provides valuable data and experience for the future development of the sealing rings used in the brake pipe flange joints of the railway freight cars in China.

关键词： Low-phenyl silicone rubber Sealing ring Sealing performance Finite element analysis Leakage

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The Mechanism of Heating Rate on the Secondary Recrystallization Evolution in Grain Oriented Silicon Steel

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2025年第1期40卷 275-282页

作者： GAO Qian LI Jun WANG Xianhui CAO Laifu GONG Jian LI Bo Central Iron and Steel research Institute group Beijing 100081China Shougang Zhixin Electromagnetic Material R&D(Beijing)Co. Ltd.Beijing 101300China Beijing Shougang Co. Ltd.Qian’an 064404China

Grain-oriented silicon steels were prepared at different heating rates during high temperature annealing,in which the evolution of magnetic properties,grain orientations and precipitates were *** illustrate the Zener factor,the diameter and number density of precipitates of interrupted testing samples were statistically *** effect of precipitate ripening on the Goss texture and magnetic property was *** indicated that the trend of Zener factor was similar under different heating rates,first increasing and then decreasing,and that the precipitate maturing was greatly inhibited as the heating rate *** recrystallization was developed at the temperature of 1010℃when a heating rate of 5℃/h was used,resulting in Goss,Brass and{110}oriented grains growing abnormally and a magnetic induction intensity of ***,increasing the heating rate to 20℃/h would inhibit the development of undesirable oriented grains and obtain a sharp Goss ***,when the heating rate was extremely fast,such as 40℃/h,poor secondary recrystallization was developed with many island grains,corresponding to a decrease in magnetic induction intensity to 1.87 *** a suitable heating rate of 20℃/h,the sharpest Goss texture and the highest magnetic induction of 1.94 T with an onset secondary recrystallization temperature of 1020℃were found among the experimental variables in this *** heating rate affected the initial temperature of secondary recrystallization by controlling the maturation of precipitates,leading to the deviation and dispersion of Goss texture,thereby reducing the magnetic properties.

关键词： high temperature annealing heating rate secondary recrystallization grain oriented silicon steel

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Atmospheric eddy anomalies associated with the wintertime North Pacific subtropical front strength and their influences on the seasonal-mean atmosphere

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第10期59卷 2022-2036页

作者： WANG LiYing HU HaiBo YANG XunQun REN XueJuan CMA-NJU Joint Laboratory for Climate Prediction Studies Instituted for Climate and Global Change Research School of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University

This study investigates transient eddy activity anomalies in the mid-latitude upper troposphere associated with intensity variability of the wintertime North Pacific subtropical front. Our results show that the meridional gradient of air temperature and baroclinic instability in the mid-latitude atmosphere become stronger as the subtropical front intensifies, and the mid-latitude westerly jet accelerates with barotropic structure. We further divide the mid-latitude atmospheric eddy activities into high-(2–7 days) and low-frequency(10–90 days) eddy activities according to their life periods. We find that, when the oceanic subtropical front intensifies, the high-frequency atmospheric eddy activity in the mid-latitudes strengthens while the low-frequency eddy activity weakens. The stronger high-frequency eddy activity tends to moderate the air temperature gradient and baroclinicity in the mid-latitudes. High-frequency eddy anomalies accelerate the westerly jet on the northern side and downstream of the westerly jet, and enhance the jet with equivalent barotropic structure. In contrast, the weaker low-frequency eddy activity has a negative contribution to zonal wind speed tendency and attenuates the zonal homogenization of the jet. The anomalous thermodynamic forcing of the low-frequency eddy activity helps maintain the meridional gradient of air temperature in the mid-troposphere.

关键词： North Pacific subtropical front Frequency Eddy activity Mid-Latitude Ocean-Atmosphere interaction

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Controlling segregation and hardenability of gear steel based on as-cast structure

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Journal of Iron and Steel research International 2025年第1期32卷 144-158页

作者： Hai-jie Wang Ze Zhang Peng Lan Gang Chen Pu Wang Chuan-hui Jiang Jia-quan Zhang School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Weifang Iron and Steel group Co. Ltd.Weifang 261000ShandongChina

Hardenability significantly impacts the distortion of gear during heat treatment,correlated to the uniformity of solute distribution in steel *** experimental analysis was conducted on the macrostructure,solute distribution,dendrite structure,and rod hardenability of 20CrMnTiH gear steel in continuously cast blooms and hot roller *** evaluation approach by the standards for the hardenability of gear steel rods and the corresponding blooms was analyzed,and the inheritance mechanism from solidification segregation to hardenability fluctuation of gear steel was *** results indicate that semi-macroscopic spot segregation located in the equiaxed zone exhibits larger size,higher solute enrichment,and worse solute homogeneity,leading to significant solute fluctuations in the blooms and hardenability fluctuation in the *** increasing the liquid steel superheat from 35 to 40℃,reducing the mold electromagnetic stirring from 300 to 100 A,and implementing the soft reduction(SR)of 7 mm at the solidification end,the equiaxed ratio of the strand decreased from 26.42%to 6.69%.Consequently,the solute fluctuation range and standard deviation decrease significantly in the transverse section,while the maximum segregation ratio,average fluctuation range,and average standard deviation of solutes C,Cr,and Mn in the spot segregation decrease at the same *** the meanwhile,the equiaxed ratio of the rod decreased from 24.89%to 4.09%,and the structure of the hardenability detection zone was transformed from equiaxed crystals to columnar ***,the solute fluctuation range and standard deviation in the transverse section decreased,while the homogeneity in spot segregation was also *** hardness difference of A and B surfaces at J9 and J15 positions was smaller than 2 HRC,meeting the qualification standard for hardenability.

关键词： Gear steel Continuous casting Solute distribution Dendritic structure Hardenability

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Recent Advances in Artificial Sensory Neurons:Biological Fundamentals,Devices,Applications,and Challenges

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第3期17卷 168-216页

作者： Shuai Zhong Lirou Su Mingkun Xu Desmond Loke Bin Yu Yishu Zhang Rong Zhao Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology HengqinZhuhai 519031People’s Republic of China College of Integrated Circuits Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 3112000People’s Republic of China ZJU-Hangzhou global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center Hangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China Department of Science Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and DesignSingapore 487372Singapore Department of Precision Instruments Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Center for Brain‑Inspired Computing research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain research Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China

Spike-based neural networks,which use spikes or action potentialsto represent information,have gained a lot of attention because of their high energyefficiency and low power *** fully leverage its advantages,convertingthe external analog signals to spikes is an essential *** including analog-to-digital converters or ring oscillators,and sensorssuffer from high power and area *** efforts are devoted to constructingartificial sensory neurons based on emerging devices inspired by the biologicalsensory *** can simultaneously perform sensing and spike conversion,overcoming the deficiencies of traditional sensory *** review summarizesand benchmarks the recent progress of artificial sensory *** starts with thepresentation of various mechanisms of biological signal transduction,followed bythe systematic introduction of the emerging devices employed for artificial ***,the implementations with different perceptual capabilitiesare briefly outlined and the key metrics and potential applications are also ***,we highlight the challenges and perspectives for the future development of artificial sensory neurons.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Emerging devices Artificial sensory neurons Spiking neural networks Neuromorphic sensing

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The Electric Vehicle Surge:Effective Solutions for Charging Challenges with Advanced Converter Technologies

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Energy Engineering 2025年第2期122卷 431-469页

作者： Rajanand Patnaik Narasipuram Md M.Pasha Saleha Tabassum Amit Singh Tandon Sustainability group Cyient Ltd.Pune411057India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering K.S.R.M.College of EngineeringKadapa516003India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering K.S.R.M.College of EngineeringKadapa516003India Mobility group Eaton India Innovation Center LLPPune411028India

The global adoption of Electric Vehicles(EVs)is on the rise due to their advanced features,with projections indicating they will soon dominate the private vehicle ***,improper management of EV charging can lead to significant *** paper reviews the development of high-power,reliable charging solutions by examining the converter topologies used in rectifiers and converters that transfer electricity from the grid to EV *** covers technical details,ongoing developments,and challenges related to these topologies and control *** integration of rapid charging stations has introduced various Power Quality(PQ)issues,such as voltage fluctuations,harmonic distortion,and supra-harmonics,which are discussed in *** paper also highlights the benefits of controlled EV charging and discharging,including voltage and frequency regulation,reactive power compensation,and improved power *** energy management and control strategies are crucial for optimizing EV battery charging within microgrids to meet increasing *** stations must adhere to specific converter topologies,control strategies,and industry standards to function *** paper explores microgrid architectures and control strategies that integrate EVs,energy storage units(ESUs),and Renewable Energy Sources(RES)to enhance performance at charging *** emphasizes the importance of various RES-connected architectures and the latest power converter ***,the paper provides a comparative analysis of microgrid-based charging station architectures,focusing on energy management,control strategies,and charging converter *** goal is to offer insights into future research directions in EV charging systems,including architectural considerations,control factors,and their respective advantages and disadvantages.

关键词： Electric vehicles converters rectifiers power and voltage levels efficiency supra-harmonics

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Emission control status and future perspectives of diesel trucks in China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第2期148卷 702-713页

作者： Shihai Zhang Mingliang Fu Hefeng Zhang Hang Yin Yan Ding State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China Vehicle Emission Control Center Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

Chinese diesel trucks are the main contributors to NOx and particulate matter(PM)vehicle *** increase in diesel trucks could aggravate air pollution and damage human *** Chinese government has recently implemented a series of emission control technologies andmeasures for air quality *** paper summarizes recent control technologies and measures for diesel truck emissions in China and introduces the comprehensive application of control technologies and measures in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding *** onlinemonitoring technology has been adopted according to the China VI standard for heavy-duty diesel trucks,and control measures such as transportation structure adjustment and heavy pollution enterprise classification control continue to support the battle action plan for pollution *** and suggestions are provided for promoting pollution control and supervision of diesel truck emissions:adhere to the concept of overall management and control,vigorously promote the application of systematic and technological means in emission monitoring,continuously facilitate cargo transportation structure adjustment and promote new energy freight *** paper aims to accelerate the implementation of control technologies and measures throughout *** is endeavouring to control diesel truck exhaust *** is willing to cooperate with the world to protect the global ecological environment.

关键词： Air quality Diesel truck emissions Emission control technology Control measures

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China TCM Cardio Bank(CTC Bank):a high-quality,large-sample and real-world research database

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Science Bulletin 2025年第1期70卷 1-3页

作者： Yiwen Li Yanfei Liu Mengmeng Zhu Wenting Wang Keji Chen Luqi Huang Fengqin Xu Yue Liu National Clinical research Center for TCM Cardiology Xiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100091China Cardiovascular Disease group China Center for Evidence-based Medicine of TCMChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100091China Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases Experimental Research CenterChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100078China The Second Department of Geriatrics Xiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100091China China Center for Evidence-based Medicine of TCM China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing 100078China

In recent years,real-world research(RWS)has advanced exponentially[1].There has been an increase in the number of retrospective cohort studies in China owing to their time-saving and economic advantages[2].Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is being integrated into the RWS *** large amount of multimodal and non-standardized information in the diagnostic and therapeutic treatment of TCM has created obstacles to the evidence-based development of TCM.

关键词： TCM modal database

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Estimation of key surface parameters in semi-arid region and their impacts on improvement of surface fluxes simulation

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Science China Earth Sciences 2016年第2期59卷 307-319页

作者： LIU Ye GUO WeiDong SONG YaoMing Institute for Climate and global change research School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University College of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology

Uncertainties in some key parameters in land surface models severely restrict the improvement of model capacity for successful simulation of surface-atmosphere interaction. These key parameters are related to soil moisture and heat transfer and phy- sical processes in the vegetation canopy as well as other important aerodynamic processes. In the present study, measurements of surface-atmosphere interaction at two observation stations that are located in the typical semi-arid region of China, Tongyu Station in Jilin Province and Yuzhong Station in Gansu Province, are combined with the planetary boundary layer theory to estimate the value of two key aerodynamic parameters, i.e., surface roughness length zorn and excess resistance κB-1. Multiple parameterization schemes have been used in the study to obtain values for surface roughness length and excess resistance κB-1 at the two stations. Results indicate that Zorn has distinct seasonal and inter-annual variability. For the type of surface with low-height vegetation, there is a large difference between the default value of Zorn in the land surface model and that obtained from this study, κB-1 demonstrates a significant diurnal variation and seasonal variability. Using the modified scheme for the estimation of Zom and κB-1 in the land surface model, it is found that simulations of sensible heat flux over the semi-arid region have been greatly improved. These results suggest that it is necessary to further evaluate the default values of various parameters used in land surface models based on field measurements. The approach to combine field measurements with atmospheric boundary layer theory to retrieve realistic values for key parameters in land surface models presents a great potential in the improvement of modeling studies of surface-atmosphere interaction.

关键词： Semi-arid region Turbulent transfer Surface roughness length Excess resistance Field experiments

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