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A Linearized Branch Flow Model Considering Line Shunts for Radial Distribution Systems and Its Application in Volt/VAr Control

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第4期11卷 1191-1200页

作者： Hanyang Lin Firdous Ul Nazir Bikash C.Pal Ye Guo Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518071China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowG4 OBAU.K. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZU.K.

When urban distribution systems are gradually modernized,the overhead lines are replaced by underground cables,whose shunt admittances can not be ignored.Traditional power flow(PF)model withπequivalent circuit shows non-convexity and long computing time,and most recently proposed linear PF models assume zero shunt elements.All of them are not suitable for fast calculation and optimization problems of modern distribution systems with non-negligible line shunts.Therefore,this paper proposes a linearized branch flow model considering line shunt(LBFS).The strength of LBFS lies in maintaining the linear structure and the convex nature after appropriately modeling theπequivalent circuit for network equipment like transformers.Simulation results show that the calculation accuracy in nodal voltage and branch current magnitudes is improved by considering shunt admittances.We show the application scope of LBFS by controlling the network voltages through a two-stage stochastic Volt/VAr control(VVC)problem with the uncertain active power output from renewable energy sources(RESs).Since LBFS results in a linear VVC program,the global solution is guaranteed.Case study exhibits that VVC framework can optimally dispatch the discrete control devices,viz.substation transformers and shunt capacitors,and also optimize the decision rules for real-time reactive power control of RES.Moreover,the computing efficiency is significantly improved compared with that of traditional VVC methods.

关键词： Line shunt linear power flow model stochastic optimization Volt/VAr control(VVC)

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多次加-卸载条件下考虑颗粒破碎的钙质砂一维压缩特性研究

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水利水运工程学报 2022年第1期 144-150页

作者：龙蛟顾琳琳王振 CHENG Chen 南京理工大学理学院江苏南京210094 南京理工大学机械学院江苏南京210094 Glasgow International College University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQScotland

南沙群岛附近海域钙质砂多为珊瑚礁碎屑,是一种未胶结的疏松松散颗粒聚集体,颗粒极易产生破碎。为研究钙质砂颗粒破碎特性对其压缩特性的影响,对钙质砂开展多次加-卸载条件下的一维压缩试验,采用相对破碎率为度量指标,评价钙质砂在多次... 详细信息

南沙群岛附近海域钙质砂多为珊瑚礁碎屑,是一种未胶结的疏松松散颗粒聚集体,颗粒极易产生破碎。为研究钙质砂颗粒破碎特性对其压缩特性的影响,对钙质砂开展多次加-卸载条件下的一维压缩试验,采用相对破碎率为度量指标,评价钙质砂在多次加-卸载过程中颗粒破碎情况;根据试验数据得到反复加-卸载过程中砂样的塑性功,通过建立塑性功与相对破碎率的关系,探讨颗粒破碎对钙质砂一维压缩特性的影响。研究表明:颗粒破碎率随压力的增大而显著增大,颗粒破碎过程具有明显的应力历史依赖性,随着反复的加-卸载,颗粒破碎率的增幅越来越小;同时钙质砂的颗粒破碎率与塑性功呈幂函数关系,且随着塑性功的增加,颗粒破碎率的变化率逐渐减小。

关键词：钙质砂多次加-卸载侧限压缩试验颗粒破碎塑性功

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Effects of hooked-collar on the local scour around a lenticular bridge pier

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international Journal of Sediment Research 2023年第1期38卷 1-11页

作者： Rashid Farooq Amir Hossein Azimi Muhammad Atiq Ur Rehman Tariq Afzal Ahmed Department of Civil Engineering International Islamic University Department of Civil Engineering Lakehead University college of Engineering and Science Victoria University Department of Civil Engineering University of Engineering and Technology James Watt School of Engineering University of Glasgow

This paper presents the results of comprehensive laboratory experiments to investigate the effects of hooked-collar on the scour development around a vertical pier with a lenticular cross section. The flow around the pier was uniform, steady, and under the clear-water condition. The axial scour profiles for cases without and with a lenticular hooked-collar were measured and the effects of hooked-collar dimensions and elevation from the bed were examined. To compute the efficiency of hooked-collar for scour prevention, the results of local scour for a bridge pier without a collar and a bridge pier with a plain collar, without a hooked wall, were used as benchmark data sets. A wide range of hooked-collar geometries such as the ratio of collar width to the pier width, Wc/Wp, ranging from 1.5 to 3.5, the ratio of hooked-collar wall height to the pier width, Hc/Wp, ranging from 0.15 to 0.6, and the ratio of collar elevation to the pier width, Ec/Wp, of-0.5, 0, and 0.5 were tested. The experimental results indicated that the equilibrium scour depth decreased with the ratio of hooked-collar to the pier width when Wcis twice the pier width, Wp. For Wc/Wp> 2, the scour depth was similar to the tests with an infinitely large pier width. In addition, the scour depth consistently reduced as the hooked-collar wall height, Hc, to the pier width, Wp, approached 0.3. The highest scour reduction efficiency was achieved when the hooked-collar being placed on the bed surface. Empirical models were developed for prediction of maximum scour depth near the lenticular bridge pier with a modified collar. The results showed that the volume of scour hole around a lenticular pier increased non-linearly with the maximum scour depth and it was independent of the hooked-collar geometry.

关键词： Local scour Erosion Collar Hooked-collar Lenticular pier Scour countermeasure Steady flow

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Learning strategies and the social brain:Missing elements in the link between developmental stress,song and cognition?

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第2期14卷 158-171页

作者： Buddhamas Pralle KRIENGWATANA School of Psychology and Neuroscience University of St AndrewsSt AndrewsFifeScotlandUK college of Medicine Veterinary&Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowScotlandUK.

Bird songs may advertise aspects of cognition because song learning and learning speed in cognitive tasks are both affected by early-life environments.However,such relationships remain ambiguous in the literature.Here,I discuss 2 lines of research that may help to demystify links between song learning and cognition.First,learning strategies should be considered when assessing performance to ensure that individual differences in learning ability are not masked by individual differences in learning strategies.Second,song characteristics should be associated with social behavior because songs have a social purpose and,consequently,should be strongly related at functional and neural levels.Finally,if song learning and cognitive abilities are correlated because they develop concurrently and/or share or compete for the same resources,I discuss ways glucocorticoids may link early-life stress,song learning and cognitive ability,focusing particularly on oxidative stress as a potential mechanism.

关键词： cognition early-life stress learning strategies song learning spatial memory social behavior

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Artificial intelligence and evidence-based research will promote the development of traditional medicine

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Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine 2024年第1期4卷 134-135页

作者： Xinran Liu Tao Gong college of Medical Veterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK college of Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine Northwestern Health Sciences UniversityBloomingtonUSA

Traditional medicine(TM)has progressively achieved international recognition.The recent first-ever World Health Organization(WHO)Traditional Medicine Global Summit 2023 has undoubtedly highlighted the significance of TM^([1]).This conference was held in India during August 17–18,2023^([2]),aiming to mobilize political commitment and evidence-based action supporting TM and integrating it to advance the health and well-being of the people and planet.

关键词： integrating doubt planet

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Inherent Complexities of a Multi-stakeholder Approach to Building Community Resilience

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international Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第1期11卷 32-45页

作者： Josephine Adekola Denis Fischabcher-Smith Moira Fischabcher-Smith Finance Accounting and RiskGlasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgow G40BAScotlandUK college of Social Sciences University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQScotlandUK

Enhancing community resilience has increasingly involved national and regional governments adopting a multi-stakeholder approach because of the potential interagency benefits. This has led to questions about how best to involve stakeholder groups in translating community resilience policies into practice. This exploratory study contributes to this discussion by addressing two key areas that are fundamental in the concerted effort to build community resilience to natural hazards:(1) stakeholder understanding of community resilience as a concept;and(2) the difficulties associated with the processes of risk assessment and preparedness that stakeholders face locally in building community resilience. Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 25 practitioners and experts within Scotland’s resilience community, and were analyzed through an inductive approach to thematic analysis. These data show how the interpretation of community resilience differs across stakeholder groups. Analysis of the data reveals challenges around the nature of the risk assessment and its role in shaping risk perception and communication. Significant complications occur in communicating about low probability-high consequence events, perceived territoriality, competing risk prioritizations, and the challenges of managing hazards within a context of limited resources. The implications of these issues for policy and practice are also discussed.

关键词： Community disaster preparedness Community resilience Multi-stakeholder approach Natural hazards Risk assessment

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The Pliocene-Recent Euphrates river system:Sediment facies and architecture as an analogue for subsurface reservoirs

能源地球科学(英文)

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能源地球科学(英文) 2020年第3期1卷 174-193页

作者： Dorrik Stow Uisdean Nicholson Samantha Kearsey Dominic Tatum Andy Gardiner Amer Ghabra Mahmoud Jaweesh EGIS-IGE Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH144ASUK Glasgow International College 56 Dumbarton RoadGlasgowG116NUUK Department of Geology and Petroleum Exploration Engineering Faculty of Petroleum EngineeringSyrian Private UniversityDamascusSyria School of Geography University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK

The Tigris-Euphrates is a continental-scale fluvial system,around 2800 km in length,which drains over 1 million km2 of SWAsia.The system originated in the Late Miocene and developed into the principal axial drainage system of the region,which follows broad regional structural features of the Mesopotamian Foreland Basin.Good preservation and outcropping of the Pliocene and Quaternary Euphrates deposits yield a viable local analogue for subsurface fluvial reservoirs in the region,and for other fluvial systems that have developed in foreland basin settings.This paper documents the first detailed study of the sedimentary characteristics of these Pliocene and Quaternary fluvial deposits along the middle reaches of the present-day Euphrates in Syria.The Euphrates fluvial system developed from small and probably short-lived isolated cut-and-fill channels in the Pliocene,characterised by abundant debrite and slump facies,through to a broad meandering system at present.The Quaternary deposits represent a braided to meandering system that was more energetic than that of the modern day Euphrates.The Quaternary facies include a dominance of gravels,pebbly sands and sands as channel associations,coupled with sands,muds and paleosols representing channel abandonment,overbank and crevasse-splay associations.Channel widths,where observed,range from 50 to 500 m,and minimum fill thicknesses range from 3 to 7 m.The combined channel-fill for stacked channels is up to 25 m thick.Lateral correlation of channel elements over at least 1 km of section indicates that rapid and extensive lateral migration has occurred.Crevasse splay lobes can be identified in the overbank deposits,with a width of 30e60 m and sand thickness of 0.5e1.5 m.The geometry,nature and dimensions of these architectural elements provide a useful analogue for subsurface reservoirs.The high-energy channel facies of the Quaternary system show very good reservoir attributes,with good correlation and connectivity.At the bed-scale there is significant heterogeneity of char

关键词： Euphrates river Fluvial facies Fluvial architecture Reservoir analogue

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On-chip ultrasensitive and rapid hydrogen sensing based on plasmon-induced hot electron-molecule interaction

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第4期12卷 625-635页

作者： Long Wen Zhiwei Sun Qilin Zheng Xianghong Nan Zaizhu Lou Zhong Liu David R.S.Cumming Baojun Li Qin Chen Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Manipulation Institute of NanophotonicsJinan University511443 GuangzhouChina college of Life Science and Technology Jinan University510632 GuangzhouChina School of Engineering University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK

Hydrogen energy is a zero-carbon replacement for fossil fuels.However,hydrogen is highly flammable and explosive hence timely sensitive leak detection is crucial.Existing optical sensing techniques rely on complex instruments,while electrical sensing techniques usually operate at high temperatures and biasing condition.In this paper an on-chip plasmonic-catalytic hydrogen sensing concept with a concentration detection limit down to 1 ppm is presented that is based on a metal-insulator-semiconductor(MIS)nanojunction operating at room temperature and zero bias.The sensing signal of the device was enhanced by three orders of magnitude at a one-order of magnitude higher response speed compared to alternative non-plasmonic devices.The excellent performance is attributed to the hydrogen induced interfacial dipole charge layer and the associated plasmonic hot electron modulated photoelectric response.Excellent agreements were achieved between experiment and theoretical calculations based on a quantum tunneling model.Such an on-chip combination of plasmonic optics,photoelectric detection and photocatalysis offers promising strategies for next-generation optical gas sensors that require high sensitivity,low time delay,low cost,high portability and flexibility.

关键词： hydrogen interaction hence

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High-Order Method with Moving Frames to Compute the Covariant Derivatives of Vectors on General 2D Curved Surfaces

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2023年第4期5卷 1534-1563页

作者： Sehun Chun Underwood international college Yonsei UniversitySeoulSouth Korea

The covariant derivative is a generalization of differentiating vectors.The Euclidean derivative is a special case of the covariant derivative in Euclidean space.The covariant derivative gathers broad attention,particularly when computing vector derivatives on curved surfaces and volumes in various applications.Covariant derivatives have been computed using the metric tensor from the analytically known curved axes.However,deriving the global axis for the domain has been mathematically and computationally challenging for an arbitrary two-dimensional(2D)surface.Consequently,computing the covariant derivative has been difficult or even impossible.A novel high-order numerical scheme is proposed for computing the covariant derivative on any 2D curved surface.A set of orthonormal vectors,known as moving frames,expand vectors to compute accurately covariant derivatives on 2D curved surfaces.The proposed scheme does not require the construction of curved axes for the metric tensor or the Christoffel symbols.The connectivity given by the Christoffel symbols is equivalently provided by the attitude matrix of orthonormal moving frames.Consequently,the proposed scheme can be extended to the general 2D curved surface.As an application,the Helmholtz‐Hodge decomposition is considered for a realistic atrium and a bunny.

关键词： Covariant derivative Moving frames Curved surface Helmholtz‐Hodge decomposition

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Nitrate reduction capacity of the oral microbiota is impaired in periodontitis:potential implications for systemic nitric oxide availability

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international Journal of Oral Science 2024年第1期16卷 52-61页

作者： Bob T.Rosier William Johnston Miguel Carda-Diéguez Annabel Simpson Elena Cabello-Yeves Krystyna Piela Robert Reilly Alejandro Artacho Chris Easton Mia Burleigh Shauna Culshaw Alex Mira Department of Genomics and Health FISABIO FoundationCenter for Advanced Research in Public HealthValenciaSpain Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowUK Oral Sciences University of Glasgow Dental SchoolSchool of MedicineDentistry and NursingCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute University of the West of ScotlandBlantyreScotland Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(IBV-CSIC)ValenciaSpain CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health MadridSpain

The reduction of nitrate to nitrite by the oral microbiota has been proposed to be important for oral health and results in nitric oxide formation that can improve cardiometabolic conditions. Studies of bacterial composition in subgingival plaque suggest that nitrate-reducing bacteria are associated with periodontal health, but the impact of periodontitis on nitrate-reducing capacity(NRC)and, therefore, nitric oxide availability has not been evaluated. The current study aimed to evaluate how periodontitis affects the NRC of the oral microbiota. First, 16S rRNA sequencing data from five different countries were analyzed, revealing that nitratereducing bacteria were significantly lower in subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients compared with healthy individuals(P < 0.05 in all five datasets with n = 20–82 samples per dataset). Secondly, subgingival plaque, saliva, and plasma samples were obtained from 42 periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment. The oral NRC was determined in vitro by incubating saliva with 8 mmol/L nitrate(a concentration found in saliva after nitrate-rich vegetable intake) and compared with the NRC of 15healthy individuals. Salivary NRC was found to be diminished in periodontal patients before treatment(P < 0.05) but recovered to healthy levels 90 days post-treatment. Additionally, the subgingival levels of nitrate-reducing bacteria increased after treatment and correlated negatively with periodontitis-associated bacteria(P < 0.01). No significant effect of periodontal treatment on the baseline saliva and plasma nitrate and nitrite levels was found, indicating that differences in the NRC may only be revealed after nitrate intake. Our results suggest that an impaired NRC in periodontitis could limit dietary nitrate-derived nitric oxide levels, and the effect on systemic health should be explored in future studies.

关键词： impaired intake nitrate

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