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giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)neonates use broadband calls to communicate with their mothers

Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 277-287页

作者： Lin ZHAO Jianbin CHENG Wen ZENG Bo YANG Guiquan ZHANG Desheng LI Hemin ZHANG Christina DBUESCHING Dingzhen LIU Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The giant panda National Park China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant PandaDujiangyanSichuan611830China Department of Biology Irving K.Barber Faculty of ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaOkanaganKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada

Infant call structure should have evolved to elicit maximum maternal attention and investment.Neonates of giant pandas produce three types of vocalizations reported to be vitally important in the context of mother–infant communications.However,how cubs,0–15 days old,communicate with their mothers to elicit maternal care remains unknown.We analyzed 12 different call parameters of 3475 squawks,1355 squalls,and 491 croaks from 11 captive giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)neonates from age 0 to 15 days.In playback experiments,we also tested whether mothers could detect ultrasound.Our results show that neonates use broadband calls with ultrasonic frequencies up to 65 kHz to convey information about their physiological needs and to attract maternal care.In playback experiments,we tested if mothers reacted differently to broadband calls(BBC)than to artificially altered calls that included only frequencies20 kHz(USC).Playback confirmed that,although adult females responded significantly less often to USC,BBC than to or AUDC,they could detect USC,BBC and generally made appropriate behavioral responses,indicating a potential benefit for neonates to utilize ultrasonic and broadband frequencies.Our findings provide a new insight into mother–infant communication in giant pandas and will be helpful for reducing the mortality of cubs,younger than 1 month old,in captivity.

关键词： acoustic communication broadband calls maternal care neonates ultrasonic frequencies

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Transcriptome sequencing of black and white hair follicles in the giant panda

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第3期18卷 552-568页

作者： Yi ZHENG Yingmin ZHOU Yijie HUANG Haoqi WANG Haixiang GUO Bao YUAN Jiabao ZHANG Department of Laboratory Animals Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal ModelJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The giant panda National Park DujiangyanSichuanChina

With the completion of the draft assembly of the giant panda genome sequence,RNA sequencing technology has been widely used in genetic research on giant pandas.We used RNA-seq to examine black and white hair follicle samples from adult pandas.By comparison with the giant panda genome,75963 SNP loci were labeled,2426 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identiﬁed,and 2029 new genes were discovered,among which 631 were functionally annotated.A cluster analysis of the DEGs showed that they were mainly related to the Wnt signaling pathway,ECM–receptor interaction,the p53 signaling pathway,and ribosome processing.The enrichment results showed that there were signiﬁcant differences in the regulatory networks of hair follicles with different colors during the transitional stage of hair follicle resting growth,which may play a regulatory role in melanin synthesis during growth.In conclusion,our results provide new insights and more data support for research on the color formation in giant pandas.

关键词： giant panda hair color hair follicle transcriptome

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The Lushan earthquake and the giant panda:impacts and conservation

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第3期9卷 376-378页

作者： Zejun ZHANG Shibin YUAN Dunwu QI Mingchun ZHANG Institute of Rare Animals and Plants China West Normal UniversityNanchongChina Chengdu Breeding Base for the giant panda ChengduChina China Conservation and research Center for the giant panda WenchuanChina

Earthquakes not only result in a great loss of human life and property,but also have profound effects on the Earth’s biodiversity.The Lushan earthquake occurred on 20 Apr 2013,with a magnitude of 7.0 and an intensity of 9.0 degrees.A distance of 17.0 km from its epicenter to the nearest distribution site of giant pandas recorded in the Third National Survey was determined.Making use of research on the Wenchuan earthquake(with a magnitude of 8.0),which occurred approximately 5 years ago,we briefly analyze the impacts of the Lushan earthquake on giant pandas and their habitat.An earthquake may interrupt ongoing behaviors of giant pandas and may also cause injury or death.In addition,an earthquake can damage conservation facilities for pandas,and result in further habitat fragmentation and degradation.However,from a historical point of view,the impacts of human activities on giant pandas and their habitat may,in fact,far outweigh those of natural disasters such as earthquakes.Measures taken to promote habitat restoration and conservation network reconstruction in earthquake-affected areas should be based on requirements of giant pandas,not those of humans.

关键词： conservation earthquake giant panda habitat impact

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STUDY ON in vitro SPERM CAPACITATION AND EGG-PENETRATION OF giant panda

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Science China Chemistry 1989年第4期32卷 435-441页

作者：陈大元宋祥芬赵学坤段崇文叶志勇何光昕张安居冯文和 Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Academia Stnica Beijing Chengdu research Base of giant panda Breeding Department of Biology Sichuan University Chengdu

A preliminary report on in vitro sperm capacitation and egg-penetration of giant panda is briefly presented. The panda spermatozoon consists of head, neck and tail, just like the spermatozoa of other animals. Before capacitation sperm heads clusterd together and dispersed after capacitation. They were then able to swim straight forwared. During the time of in vitro capacitation the plasm membrane of the sperm head was first expanded tov arious degrees, then disintegrated, and finally became detached. The electro-dense material in the acrosome appeared in small clumps with high density. Extensive vesiculation occurred between the bi-layered acrosome membranes and thus led to disintegration. Vesiculation in panda sperm differs from that reported in hamsters. When the capacitated panda spermatozoa came into contact with the hamster eggs, the region between the acrosome collar and postacrosome cap first fused with the egg membrane followed by the penetration of the nucleus into the cortex of the egg. Some

关键词： spermatozoa capacitation penetration in vitro fertilization.

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Hand-Rearing of Newborn giant panda

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1994年第6期39卷 514-519页

作者：刘维新刘农林张和民邱贤猛张贵铨 Beijing Zoo Beijing 100044 PRC China Study Centre for Protection of giant panda Wolong

The mortality of captive newborn giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is ashigh as 71.3%, but it can be greatly reduced by hand-rearing of newborn cubs, whosemother animals are unable to feed them. This is of tremendous significance to thepopulation breeding and the species conservation.Over the past ten years, many newborn cubs that did not receive any milk fromthe mother animals were hand-reared both at home and abroad, but they all diedin the early stage due to medical treatment failure.

关键词： giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoieuca) hand-rearing immanoglobulin.

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Identifying priority protection areas of key food resources of the giant panda

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动物学研究(英文) 2023年第5期44卷 860-866页

作者： Ying-Jie Ma Meng Wang Xiao-Yu Hu Xiao-Dong Gu Yu-Mei Li Fu-Wen Wei Yong-Gang Nie Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering College of Life Science and TechnologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqiXinjiang 830017China Sichuan giant panda National Park Administration ChengduSichuan 610081China Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)GuangzhouGuangdong 511458China

Animals that live in seasonal environments adjust their reproduction cycle to optimize seasonal forage quality.giant pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)are seasonal altitudinal migrants that feed on bamboo shoots and leaves with different nutritional quality.However,the importance of bamboo shoots to giant pandas,especially small and isolated populations,is not fully appreciated.Here,we explored whether mating time of giant pandas is shaped by bamboo shoot phenology.We also assessed the intensity of ongoing bamboo shoot harvesting by local communities in 42 giant panda reserves based on questionnaire surveys.Varying intensity and protection levels of bamboo shoot harvesting were found.From these data,we developed a priority ranking scheme of protection areas for this key food resource.Our study showed that pandas time their mating behavior to coincide with bamboo shoot phenology due to the high nutritional demands associated with mating and pregnancy.We also found that bamboo shoots were not well protected in many places.Liangshan,Daxiangling,and Xiaoxiangling,containing the most isolated panda populations,were identified as the areas with the most urgent need of protection.Furthermore,equal attention should be paid to the Qiong L-B population,as this region holds considerable potential to serve as a corridor between the Minshan and Qionglai populations.To address the challenges posed by bamboo shoot harvesting,we recommend establishing more practical bamboo shoot management policies,increasing public awareness of bamboo shoot protection,and providing alternative sources of income for local communities.

关键词： giant panda Forage quality Bamboo shoot harvesting Reproduction timing Conservation management

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Applying bases for "double control" artificial breeding of giant panda in captivity

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1997年第9期42卷 775-779页

作者： Chen, DY Song, XF Duan, CW Li, MW Sun, QY Liu, H Zhang, AJ Ye, ZY Li, SC Li, GH Yu, JQ Zhang, FX Feng, WH Zhong, SL He, GX Song, YF Fei, LS State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Chengdu Bureau of Gardening Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding Chengdu China Chengdu Zoo Chengdu China

THE giant panda is a kind of endangered rare animal,the number of which is less than onethousand at present,specially distributed in China.According to the protective scheme issuedby The International Association of N... 详细信息

关键词： giant panda hormone-induced oestrus ovulation sperm viability artificial insemination pregnancy protection.

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Impact of earthquake-induced landslide on the habitat suitability of giant panda in Wolong,China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第10期13卷 1789-1805页

作者： MENG Qing-kai MIAO Fang ZHEN Jing HUANG Yan WANG Xin-yuan PENG Ying State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059China Center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of sciencesBeijing 100094China Wolong Nature Reserve China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant pandaDujiangyan 611800China

Massive geological landslides and unstable landslide areas were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. These landslides caused deaths, damaged infrastructure and threatened endanger species. This study analyzed the impact of landslides on giant pandas and their habitats from the following aspects: threatening pandas‘ lives, damaging pandas‘ habitat, influencing giant panda behavior, increasing habitat fragmentation; the final aspect, and blocking gene flow by cutting off corridors. A habitat suitability map was created by integrating the landslide factors with other traditional factors based on a logistics regression method. According to the landslide inventory map, there are 1313 landslides, 818 rock debris flows, 117 rock avalanches and 43 mud flows occurred in the study area. A correlation analysis indicated that landslides caused the pandas to migrate, and the core landslides within 1 km2 had greater influence on panda migration. These core landslides primarily occurred in mid-altitude regionscharacterized by high slopes, old geological ages, large areas and large rock mass volumes. The habitat suitability assessment results for the Wolong Natural Reserve had better prediction performance(80.9%) and demonstrated that 14.5%, 15.9%, 20.5%, 47.6% and 1.5% of the study area can be classified as very high, high, moderate, low and very low giant panda suitability areas, respectively. This study can be used to inform panda and panda habitat research, management and protection during post-quake reconstruction and recovery periods in China.

关键词： giant panda Landslide Habitat suitability Earthquake Environmental impact

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Microsatellite variability reveals high genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation in a critical giant panda population

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 717-724页

作者： Jiandong YANG Zhihe ZHANG Fujun SHEN Xuyu YANG Liang ZHANG Limin CHEN Wenping ZHANG Qing ZHU Rong HOU College of Animal Science Sichuan Agricultural University Ya＇an 625014 China The Key Laboratory for Conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife Sichuan Province Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding Chengdu 610081 China Wildlife Conservation Division Sichuan Forestry Department Chengdu 610082 China Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve Guangyuan 628109 Sichuan China

Understanding present patterns of genetic diversity is critical in order to design effective conservation and management strategies for endangered species. Tangjiahe Nature Reserve (NR) is one of the most important national reserves for giant pandasAiluropoda melanoleucain China. Previous studies have shown that giant pandas in Tangjiahe NR may be threatened by population decline and fragmentation. Here we used 10 microsatellite DNA markers to assess the genetic variability in the Tangjiahe population. The results indicate a low level of genetic differentiation between the Hongshihe and Motianling subpopulations in the reserve. Assignment tests using the Bayesian clustering method in STRUCTURE identified one genetic cluster from 42 individuals of the two subpopulations. All individuals from the same subpopulation were assigned to one cluster. This indicates high gene flow between subpopulations.Fstatistic analyses revealed a lowFIS-value of 0.024 in the total population and implies a randomly mating population in Tangjiahe NR. Additionally, our data show a high level of genetic diversity for the Tangjiahe population. Mean allele number (A), Allelic richness (AR) and mean expected heterozygosity (HE) for the Tangjiahe population was 5.9, 5.173 and 0.703, respectively. This wild giant panda population can be restored through concerted effort.

关键词：野生大熊猫遗传多样性遗传分化唐家河自然保护区种群平均等位基因数微卫星DNA标记异性

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Stable seasonal migration patterns in giant pandas

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Zoological research 2023年第2期44卷 341-348页

作者： Meng Wang Yong-Gang Nie Ronald R.Swaisgood Wei Wei Wen-Liang Zhou Ze-Jun Zhang Gui-Ming Wang Fu-Wen Wei Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China giant panda research San Diego Zoo Institute for Conservation ResearchEscondidoCalifornia 92027USA Department of Wildlife Fisheries and AquacultureMississippi State UniversityMississippi 39762USA

A critical function of animal movement is to maximize access to essential resources in temporally fluctuating and spatially heterogeneous environments.Seasonally mediated resource fluctuations may influence animal movements,enabling them to track changing resource distributions,resulting in annual migration patterns.The conservation-dependent giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca) displays seasonal movement patterns;however,the key factor driving these seasonal migration patterns remains poorly understood.Here,we used GPS tracking collars to monitor the movements of six giant pandas over a 12-year period across different elevations,and performed statistical analysis of seasonal migration directions,routes,habitat revisitation,home range overlap,first arrival events,and stability.Our results revealed a compelling pattern of seasonal migrations that facilitated the ability of the pandas to forage at the appropriate time and place to maximize nutritional intake.Our results indicated that pandas utilize spatial memory to locate reliable food resources,as evidenced by their annual return to the same or similar winter and summer home ranges and the consistently maintained percentage of home range overlap.These novel insights into giant panda foraging and movement ecology not only enhance our understanding of its ability to adapt to nutritionally poor dietary resources but also provide important information for the development of resource utilization-based protection and management strategies.

关键词： giant panda Seasonal migration Home range Foraging ecology Spatial memory

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