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giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)neonates use broadband calls to communicate with their mothers

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 277-287页

作者： Lin ZHAO Jianbin CHENG Wen ZENG Bo YANG Guiquan ZHANG Desheng LI Hemin ZHANG Christina DBUESCHING Dingzhen LIU Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The giant panda national park China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant PandaDujiangyanSichuan611830China Department of Biology Irving K.Barber Faculty of ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaOkanaganKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada

Infant call structure should have evolved to elicit maximum maternal attention and *** of giant pandas produce three types of vocalizations reported to be vitally important in the context of mother–infant ***,how cubs,0–15 days old,communicate with their mothers to elicit maternal care remains *** analyzed 12 different call parameters of 3475 squawks,1355 squalls,and 491 croaks from 11 captive giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)neonates from age 0 to 15 *** playback experiments,we also tested whether mothers could detect *** results show that neonates use broadband calls with ultrasonic frequencies up to 65 kHz to convey information about their physiological needs and to attract maternal *** playback experiments,we tested if mothers reacted differently to broadband calls(BBC)than to artificially altered calls that included only frequencies20 kHz(USC).Playback confirmed that,although adult females responded significantly less often to USC,BBC than to or AUDC,they could detect USC,BBC and generally made appropriate behavioral responses,indicating a potential benefit for neonates to utilize ultrasonic and broadband *** findings provide a new insight into mother–infant communication in giant pandas and will be helpful for reducing the mortality of cubs,younger than 1 month old,in captivity.

关键词： acoustic communication broadband calls maternal care neonates ultrasonic frequencies

Transcriptome sequencing of black and white hair follicles in the giant panda

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第3期18卷 552-568页

作者： Yi ZHENG Yingmin ZHOU Yijie HUANG Haoqi WANG Haixiang GUO Bao YUAN Jiabao ZHANG Department of Laboratory Animals Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal ModelJilin UniversityChangchunJilinChina Key Laboratory of SFGA on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The giant panda national park DujiangyanSichuanChina

With the completion of the draft assembly of the giant panda genome sequence,RNA sequencing technology has been widely used in genetic research on giant *** used RNA-seq to examine black and white hair follicle samples from adult *** comparison with the giant panda genome,75963 SNP loci were labeled,2426 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identiﬁed,and 2029 new genes were discovered,among which 631 were functionally annotated.A cluster analysis of the DEGs showed that they were mainly related to the Wnt signaling pathway,ECM–receptor interaction,the p53 signaling pathway,and ribosome *** enrichment results showed that there were signiﬁcant differences in the regulatory networks of hair follicles with different colors during the transitional stage of hair follicle resting growth,which may play a regulatory role in melanin synthesis during *** conclusion,our results provide new insights and more data support for research on the color formation in giant pandas.

关键词： giant panda hair color hair follicle transcriptome

Friend or foe? Using eye-tracking technology to investigate the visual discrimination ability of giant pandas

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 430-439页

作者： Xinrui Huang Guo Li Guiquan Zhang Zixiang Li Lin Zhao Mengdie Zhu Qinghua Xiang Xuefeng Liu Mei Tian Hemin Zhang Christina D.Buesching Dingzhen Liu Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringDepartment of EcologyCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the giant panda national park China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant PandaSichuan 623004China School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China Beijing Key Laboratoryof CaptiveWildlife Technology Beijing ZooBeijing100044China Department of Biology Irving K.Barber Faculty of ScienceThe University of British ColumbiaOkanagan CampusKelownaBCCanada

The role that visual discriminative ability plays among giant pandas in social communication and individual discrimination has received less attention than olfactory and auditory ***,we used an eye-tracker technology to investigate pupil fixation patterns for 8 captive male giant pandas Ailuropoda *** paired images(N=26)of conspecifics against:1)sympatric predators(gray wolves and tigers),and non-threatening sympatric species(golden pheasant,golden snub-nosed monkey,takin,and red panda),2)conspecifics with atypical fur colora-tion(albino and brown),and 3)zookeepers/non-zookeepers wearing either work uniform or plain *** each session,we tracked the pan-da's pupil movements and measured pupil first fixation point(FFP),fixation latency,total fixation count(TFC),and duration(TFD)of attention to each ***,pandas exhibited similar attention(FFPs and TFCs)to images of predators and non-threatening sympatric *** of golden pheasant,snub-nosed monkey,and tiger received less attention(TFD)than images of conspecifics,whereas images of takin and red panda received more attention,suggesting a greater alertness to habitat or food competitors than to potential ***'TFCs were greater for images of black-white conspecifics than for albino or brown phenotypes,implying that familiar color elicited more *** reacted differently to images of men versus *** images of women only,pandas gave more attention(TFC)to familiar combinations(uniformed zookeepers and plain-clothed non-zookeepers),consistent with the familiarity *** pandas can use visual perception to discriminate intra-specifically and inter-specifically,including details of human appearance,has applications for panda conservation and captive husbandry.

关键词： eye movement tracker giant panda images total fixation duration total pupil fixation count visual discrimination.

Seasonal variations in the plant diet of the Chinese Monal revealed by fecal DNA metabarcoding analysis

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Avian Research 2022年第2期13卷 208-215页

作者： Bin Wang Yun Li Guiquan Zhang Jian Yang Cao Deng Haoyu Hu Long Zhang Xiaoqin Xu Caiquan Zhou Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education) China West Normal UniversityNanchong637002China Institute of Ecology China West Normal UniversityNanchong637002China Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassl and administration on Conservation Biology of Rare Animalsin the giant panda national park(China Conservation and Research Center for the giant panda) Dujiangyan611830China Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province College of Veterinary MedicineSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing100700China

The Chinese Monal(Lophophorus thuysii)is an alpine-obligate galliform species of global conservation *** has been listed as a first class protected wildlife species in China,requiring conservation actions during the 14 th Five-Year Plan ***,the diet composition of Chinese Monal and its seasonal variations have rarely been studied,constraining the effective conservation of the ***,we investigated the plant diet composition of the Chinese Monal and its seasonal variations using a DNA metabarcoding approach on fecal *** collected 190 fecal samples of the Chinese Monals from the central Qionglai Mountains located in China,and analyzed the plant diet of this species using a DNA metabarcoding *** profiling of higher plants in the fecal samples was performed using the second internal transcribed spacer(ITS2)*** analyses,including rarefaction curves,nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)and permutational multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA),were used to explore the seasonal variations in diet *** Chinese Monal foraged a wide range of plant recipes composed of 35 families and 83 genera throughout the year,with Brassicaceae,Apiaceae,and Poaceae as the dominant families,and Cardamine as the dominant *** species consumed plants from 62 genera from 28 families during the breeding season(n=81)and 66 genera from 31 families during the non-breeding season(n=109).Further,the plant diet composition significantly varied between the breeding and non-breeding seasons,especially for the frequency of occurrence and relative read abundances at genus *** study analyzed the plant diet of the Chinese Monal at a high resolution for the first time,and the results revealed that the seasonal variations in its plant diet composition was adapted to plant phenology and foraging *** species,a previously confirmed important food resource for the Chinese Monal,were not detected in any fe

关键词： Chinese monal Conservation management Diet seasonality DNA metabarcoding Endangered species

Seismic sentinel? An analysis of captive giant panda behavior in response to the Lushan earthquake in China

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Earthquake Science 2021年第6期34卷 522-530页

作者： Yuan Jin Xiaozan Ma Bo Luo Guiquan Zhang Rongping Wei Desheng Li Hemin Zhang Chris Newman Christina Buesching Dingzhen Liu Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland administration(national park administration)on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the giant panda national park Dujiangyan 611830China China Conservation and Research Center for the giant panda Dujiangyan 611830China Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordThe Recanati-Kaplan CenterTubneyOX135QLUK Department of Biology Irving K.Barber Faculty of ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaOkanaganKelownaBritish ColumbiaV1V 1V7Canada

It is widely believed that various animal species can sense and respond to the geophysical stimuli that precede earthquakes,especially electromagnetic fields,although supporting field evidence is mostly *** we report on the reactions of four female giant pandas under observation over the three days prior to the Lushan(30.1°N,103.0°E)magnitude 7.0 earthquake that occurred in Sichuan province,China,on April 20,*** observed no significant generalized behavioral anomalies indicative of them perceiving an impending *** also observed no startle behaviors in the 5 s prior to tremors commencing,indicating that these pandas either did not detect or did not respond to precursor *** findings suggest that although giant pandas have evolved in,and continue to occupy exclusively,a seismically active range in central China,they do not appear to perceive pre-earthquake geophysical warning signs.

关键词： bio-sentinel giant panda earthquakes abnormal be-havior electromagnetic field P-wave.

Identifying priority protection areas of key food resources of the giant panda

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Zoological Research 2023年第5期44卷 860-866页

作者： Ying-Jie Ma Meng Wang Xiao-Yu Hu Xiao-Dong Gu Yu-Mei Li Fu-Wen Wei Yong-Gang Nie Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering College of Life Science and TechnologyXinjiang UniversityUrumqiXinjiang 830017China Sichuan giant panda national park administration ChengduSichuan 610081China Center for Evolution and Conservation Biology Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou)GuangzhouGuangdong 511458China

Animals that live in seasonal environments adjust their reproduction cycle to optimize seasonal forage *** pandas(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)are seasonal altitudinal migrants that feed on bamboo shoots and leaves with different nutritional ***,the importance of bamboo shoots to giant pandas,especially small and isolated populations,is not fully ***,we explored whether mating time of giant pandas is shaped by bamboo shoot *** also assessed the intensity of ongoing bamboo shoot harvesting by local communities in 42 giant panda reserves based on questionnaire *** intensity and protection levels of bamboo shoot harvesting were *** these data,we developed a priority ranking scheme of protection areas for this key food *** study showed that pandas time their mating behavior to coincide with bamboo shoot phenology due to the high nutritional demands associated with mating and *** also found that bamboo shoots were not well protected in many ***,Daxiangling,and Xiaoxiangling,containing the most isolated panda populations,were identified as the areas with the most urgent need of ***,equal attention should be paid to the Qiong L-B population,as this region holds considerable potential to serve as a corridor between the Minshan and Qionglai *** address the challenges posed by bamboo shoot harvesting,we recommend establishing more practical bamboo shoot management policies,increasing public awareness of bamboo shoot protection,and providing alternative sources of income for local communities.

关键词： giant panda Forage quality Bamboo shoot harvesting Reproduction timing Conservation management

Need of a paradigm shift to conserve endangered species in China’s national park system

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The Innovation 2023年第4期4卷 23-24页

作者： Biao Yang Qiang Dai Yu Xu Christina D.Buesching Xiaodong Gu Zhisong Yang Zejun Zhang Fuwen Wei Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation(Ministry of Education) China West Normal UniversityNanchong 637002China College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China School of Life Sciences Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China Department of Biology The University of British ColumbiaKelownaBC V1V1V7Canada giant panda national park administration Chengdu 610081China Sichuan Academy of giant panda Chengdu 610081China

CHINAS EVOLVING national park DESIGNATIONS AND SINGLE LARGE PROTECTED AREA OR SEVERAL SMALL PROTECTED AREAS(SLOSS)DEBATE As of 2021,the International Union for Conservation of Nature estimated that there are over 6,000 national parks(NPs)in more than 100 countries,most of which are strongly focused on endangered species.1 Over the past 6 years,China has invested US$20million in developing the giant panda national park(GPNP)and a furtherUS$16million in establishing theNortheast China Tiger and Leopard national park(NCTLNP).

关键词： invested park Northeast

Revealing the Circadian Rhythm of Taliang Crocodile Newt(Liangshantriton taliangensis) During Breeding Migration Using a Novel Monitoring Technique

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Asian Herpetological Research 2023年第3期14卷 227-236页

作者： Haoqi YU Yuanfei WANG Liuyang HE Yudong ZHU Xiuqin LIN Luyao XIAO Cheng LI Jianping JIANG Feng XIE CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041SichuanChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China College of Life Sciences Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065SichuanChina Mangkang Biodiversity and Ecological Station Xizang Ecological Safety Monitor NetworkChangdu 854500TibetChina Open Laboratory of Shimian Research Center of giant panda Small Population Conservation and Rejuvenation and Liziping giant panda′s Ecology and Conservation Observation and Research Station of Sichuan Province Sichuan Liziping National Nature ReserveYa′an 625000SichuanChina

Many animals migrate during the breeding *** is important to study the patterns of breeding migration of wild animals,especially rare and endangered ***,current data acquisition methods are too coarse and imprecise for investigating the circadian rhythms of migrations in *** on the frustrated total reflection image(FTRI),we developed a new device and recorded the precise migration time of an endangered salamander,Liangshantriton *** the breeding period,a total of 33 individuals were effectively *** of the data indicated that the circadian rhythm of breeding migration in *** was bimodal,and migration mainly occurred from 05:00 to 13:00(81.82%of the total migration records).The average relative activity intensity index(RAI)of breeding migration peaked in the temperature range of 14.0–16.0°*** increased average relative air humidity,the activity intensity first increased and then decreased,reaching a peak in the humidity range of 91.0%–97.0%.These results demonstrate that our new device is a viable and accurate method for recording the migration time of target *** is important to reveal the breeding migration pattern of ***,which is important for the conservation of this ***,this new device can be used for field monitoring and conservation studies of amphibians,reptiles and other animals.

关键词： diel pattern frustrated total reflection image Liangshantriton taliangensis new device weather factors

Chromosome-scale genomes provide new insights into subspecies divergence and evolutionary characteristics of the giant panda

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Science Bulletin 2021年第19期66卷 2002-2013,M0004页

作者： Xuanmin Guang Tianming Lan Qiu-Hong Wan Yan Huang Hong Li Mingchun Zhang Rengui Li Zhizhong Zhang Yinghu Lei Ling Zhang Heming Zhang Desheng Li Xiaoping Li Haimeng Li Yan Xu Maiju Qiao Daifu Wu Keyi Tang Pengpeng Zhao Jian-Qing Lin Sunil KumarSahu Qiqi Liang Wenkai Jiang Danhui Zhang Xun Xu Xin Liu Michael Lisby Huanming Yang Karsten Kristiansen Huan Liu Sheng-Guo Fang MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis&Protection State Conservation Centre for Gene Resources of Endangered WildlifeCollege of Life SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics BGI-ShenzhenShenzhen 518083China Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland administration(State park administration)on Conservation Biology of Rare Animals in the giant panda national park ChinaConservation and Research Center for the Giant PandaDujiangyan 611830China Novogene Bioinformatics Institute Beijing 100083China Qinling Research Center of giant panda Breeding Shaanxi Academy of ForestryXi’an 710082China China Wildlife Conservation Association Beijing 100714China Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine Department of BiologyUniversity of CopenhagenDK-2100 CopenhagenDenmark Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write BGI-ShenzhenShenzhen 518120China Guangdong Provincial Academician Workstation of BGI Synthetic Genomics BGI-ShenzhenShenzhen 518120China Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences Qingdao 266555China

Extant giant pandas are divided into Sichuan and Qinling *** giant panda has many speciesspecific characteristics,including comparatively small organs for body size,small genitalia of male individuals,and low ***,we report the most contiguous,high-quality chromosomelevel genomes of two extant giant panda subspecies to date,with the first genome assembly of the Qinling *** with the previously assembled giant panda genomes based on short reads,our two assembled genomes increased contiguity over 200-fold at the contig *** sequencing of 25 individuals dated the divergence of the Sichuan and Qinling subspecies into two distinct clusters from 10,000 to 12,000 years *** genomic analyses identified the loss of regulatory elements in the dachshund family transcription factor 2(DACH2)gene and specific changes in the synaptotagmin 6(SYT6)gene,which may be responsible for the reduced fertility of the giant *** selection analysis between the two subspecies indicated that the reproduction-associated IQ motif containing D(IQCD)gene may at least partly explain the different reproduction rates of the two ***,several genes in the Hippo pathway exhibited signs of rapid evolution with giant panda-specific variants and divergent regulatory elements,which may contribute to the reduced inner organ sizes of the giant panda.

关键词： giant panda Chromosome-level genome Divergence time Reduced fertility Inner organ size