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Changing characteristics of ultralow permeability reservoirs during waterflooding operations

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Petroleum Science 2013年第2期10卷 226-232页

作者： Gao Chunning An Xiaoping Zhu Shengju Wu Pingcang national Engineering Laboratory for Exploration & Development of Low Permeability Oil and gas Fields Exploration & Development Research Institute of Changqing Oilfield company

The characteristics of ultralow permeability reservoirs changed after waterflooding. Thin- section analysis and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） of core samples from inspection wells indicated that calcite and barite were formed in ultralow permeability reservoirs during waterflooding operations. Some asphaltene precipitates on the surface of formation rock would influence the reservoir porosity, permeability, wettability, and electrical properties. In this paper, the changes of physical, electrical, and fluid properties of ultralow permeability reservoirs during waterflooding operations were analyzed. This provides important information to improve waterflooding performance in ultralow permeability reservoirs.

关键词： Ultralow permeability waterflooding reservoir change waterflooding characteristics

A Model of Hydrothermal Dolomite Reservoir Facies in Precambrian Dolomite, Central Sichuan Basin, SW China and its Geochemical Characteristics

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2019年第1期93卷 130-145页

作者： GU Yifan ZHOU Lu JIANG Yuqiang JIANG Chan LUO Mingsheng ZHU Xun School of Geosciences & Technology Southwest Petroleum University Exploration Division PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company Shunan Division of Petrochina Southwest Oil&gas Field company Exploration and Development Institute of Southwest Oil&gas Field company PetroChina

Hydrothermal mineral assemblages and related hydrothermally enhanced fracturing are common in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of Central Sichuan Basin. Petrographic and geochemical analyses of core samples show that the hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs of Dengying Formation consist of four main types of pores in the reservoir facies. These include: 1) hydrothermal dissolution vug(or pore), 2) intercrystalline pore, 3) residual inter-breccia vug(or pore), and 4) enlarged dissolved-fracture. There are three different fabrics dolomite in hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs, namely, saddle dolomite, fine-medium dolomite and micritic dolomite. Micritic dolomite is the original lithology of host rock. Saddle dolomite with curved or irregular crystal faces was directly crystallized from hydrothermal fluids(average temperature 192°C). Fine-medium dolomites are the products of recrystallization of micritic dolomite, resulting in abnormal geochemical characteristics, such as slight depletion of δ^(18)O, significant enrichment of Mn-Fe and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr, and positive Eu anomaly. A model for the distribution of various hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies is proposed here, which incorporates three fundamental geological controls: 1) extensional tectonics and tectono-hydrothermal events(i.e., the Xingkai Taphrogenesis of Late Sinian-Early Cambrian, and Emei Taphrogenesis of Late Permian), 2) hydrothermal fluid storage in clastic rocks with large thickness(e.g., Nanhua System of Chengjiang Formation and part of Doushantuo Formation), and 3) confining bed for hydrothermal fluids(such as, the shale in Qiongzhusi Formation). The supply of hydrothermal fluid is critical. Large basement-rooted faults and associated grid-like fracture system may function as the channels for upward migration of hydrothermal fluid flow. The intersection of the above-mentioned faults(including the conversion fault), especially transtensional sags above negative flower structures on wrench faults can s

关键词： hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies geochemical characteristics Precambrian Dengying Formation central Sichuan Basin

Prediction of the viscosity of natural gas at high temperature and high pressure using free-volume theory and entropy scaling

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 3210-3222页

作者： Wei Xiong Lie-Hui Zhang Yu-Long Zhao Qiu-Yun Hu Ye Tian Xiao He Rui-Han Zhang Tao Zhang national Key Laboratory of Oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengduSichuan610500China Engineering Technology Research Institute Southwest Oil and Gas Field CompanyChengduSichuan610031China PetroChina Southwest Oil&gasfield company ChengduSichuan610051China

Eighteen models based on two equations of state(EoS),three viscosity models,and four mixing rules were constructed to predict the viscosities of natural gases at high temperature and high pressure(HTHP)*** pure substances,the parameters of free volume(FV)and entropy scaling(ES)models were found to scale with molecular weight,which indicates that the ordered behavior of parameters of Peng-Robinson(PR)and Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory(PC-SAFT)propagates to the behavior of parameters of viscosity *** the viscosities of natural gases showed that the FV and ES models respectively combined with MIX4 and MIX2 mixing rules produced the best ***,the FV models were more accurate for predicting the viscosities of natural gases than ES models at HTHP conditions,while the ES models were superior to PRFT *** average absolute relative deviations of the best accurate three models,i.e.,PC-SAFT-FV-MIX4,tPR-FVMIX4,and PC-SAFT-ES-MIX2,were 5.66%,6.27%,and 6.50%,respectively,which was available for industrial *** with the existing industrial models(corresponding states theory and LBC),the proposed three models were more accurate for modeling the viscosity of natural gas,including gas condensate.

关键词： Viscosity Friction theory Free volume theory Entropy scaling PC-SAFT Equation of state

Assessment of groundwater quantity, quality, and associated health risk of the Tano river basin, ghana

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 325-353页

作者： Adwoba Kua-Manza Edjah Bruce Banoeng-Yakubo Anthony Ewusi Enoch Sakyi-Yeboah David Saka Clara Turetta Giulio Cozzi David Atta-Peters Larry Pax Chegbeleh Water Resources Research Centre Ghana Atomic Energy CommissionAccraGhana Earth Science Department University of GhanaLegonAccraGhana Geological Engineering Department University of Mines and TechnologyTarkwaGhana Department of Statistics University of GhanaAccraLegonGhana Institute of Polar Sciences National Research Council of ItalyVeniceItaly

In the Tano River Basin,groundwater serves as a crucial resource;however,its quantity and quality with regard to trace elements and microbiological loadings remain poorly understood due to the lack of groundwater logs and limited water *** study presents a comprehensive analysis of the Tano River Basin,focusing on three key ***,it investigated the aquifer hydraulic parameters and the results showed signiﬁcant spatial variations in borehole depths,yields,transmissivity,hydraulic conductivity,and speciﬁc *** boreholes were concentrated in the northeastern and southeastern zones,while geological formations,particu-larly the Apollonian Formation,exhibit a strong inﬂuence on borehole *** study identiﬁed areas with high transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity in the southern and eastern regions,suggesting good groundwater avail-ability and suitability for sustainable water ***-ondly,the research investigated the groundwater quality and observed that the majority of borehole samples fall within WHO(Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality,Environmental Health Criteria,Geneva,2011,***://***)***,some samples have pH levels below the standards,although the groundwater generally qualiﬁes as *** study further explores hydrochemical facies and health risk assessment,highlighting the dominance of Ca–HCO3 water *** element analysis reveals minimal health risks from most elements,with chromium(Cr)as the primary contributor to chronic health ***,this study has provided a key insights into the Tano River Basin’s hydrogeology and associated health *** outcome of this research has contributed to the broader understanding of hydrogeologi-cal dynamics and the importance of managing groundwater resources sustainably in complex geological environments.

关键词： Groundwater Unsupervised machine learning technique Hydrochemistry Aquifer hydraulic parameter Health risk

Rheological study of methane gas hydrates in the presence of micron-sized sand particles

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第6期70卷 149-161页

作者： Bohui Shi Shangfei Song Yuchuan Chen Shunkang Fu Lihao Liu Xinyao Yang Haihao Wu Guangjin Chen Jing Gong national Engineering Research Center of Oil and gas Pipeline Transportation Safety MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum EngineeringBeijing Key Laboratory of Urban Oil and Gas Distribution TechnologyChina University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing 102249China China's Oil and gas Exploration and Development company(CNODC) Beijing 100034China China national Petroleum Corporation Mozambique LDA MaputoMozambique PipeChina West East Pipeline company Shanghai 200122China

Natural gas hydrates,intricate crystalline structures formed by water molecules and small gas molecules,have emerged as a significant and globally impactful clean energy ***,their commercial exploitation faces challenges,particularly operational disruptions caused by sand-related *** the rheological properties of hydrate slurry,especially in the presence of micron-sized sand particles,is imperative for ensuring the flow assurance of subsea hydrate *** study extensively investigates the rheological properties of sand-containing hydrate *** findings reveal that these slurries exhibit non-Newtonian fluid characteristics,including yield stress,thixotropy,and shear-thinning ***-like elastic features are observed in sand-containing hydrate slurries before yielding,transitioning to viscous behavior after *** with a minimal amount of sand,both static yield stress and yield strain experience substantial changes,correlating with the increase in sand *** research conclusively establishes the thixotropic nature of sand-hydrate slurries,where the viscosity decay rate is directly influenced by the shear *** insights aim to contribute comprehensively to the development of effective flow assurance strategies,ensuring the safe and stable operation of subsea hydrate exploitation.

关键词： Natural gas hydrate production Sand-containing hydrate slurries Yield stress Thixotropy Shear-thinning behavior

Evaluation of the combined influence of geological layer property and in-situ stresses on fracture height growth for layered formations

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Petroleum Science 2024年第5期21卷 3222-3236页

作者： Peng Tan Zhao-Wei Chen Liu-Ke Huang Qing Zhao Sha-Rui Shao CNPC Engineering Technology R&D company Limited Beijing102206China national Engineering Research Center for Oil&gas Drilling and Completion Technology Beijing102206China School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500SichuanChina Shale gas Research Institute Southwest Oil&Gas Field CompanyChengdu610500SichuanChina

Fracture geometry is important when stimulating low-permeability reservoirs for natural gas or oil production. The geological layer(GL) properties and contrasts in in-situ stress are the two most important parameters for determination of the vertical fracture growth extent and containment in layered rocks. However, the method for assessing the cumulative impact on growth in height remains ambiguous. In this research, a 3D model based on the cohesive zone method is used to simulate the evolution of hydraulic fracture(HF) height in layered reservoirs. The model incorporates fluid flow and elastic deformation, considering the friction between the contacting fracture surfaces and the interaction between fracture components. First, an analytical solution that was readily available was used to validate the model. Afterwards, a quantitative analysis was performed on the combined impacts of the layer interface strength, coefficient of interlayer stress difference, and coefficient of vertical stress *** results indicate that the observed fracture height geometries can be categorized into three distinct regions within the parametric space: blunted fracture, crossed fracture, and T-shaped ***, the results explained the formation mechanism of the low fracture height in the deep shale reservoir of the Sichuan Basin, China, as well as the distinction between fracture network patterns in mid-depth and deep shale reservoirs.

关键词： Deep shale Hydraulic fracturing HF propagation Fracture interaction Cohesive zone method

Hydraulic Fracture Parameter Inversion Method for Shale gasWells Based on Transient Pressure-Drop Analysis during Hydraulic Fracturing Shut-in Period

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Energy Engineering 2024年第11期121卷 3305-3329页

作者： Shangjun Gao Yang Yang Man Chen Jian Zheng Luqi Qin Xiangyu Liu Jianying Yang Sichuan Changning Natural gas Development company Chengdu610000China national Key Laboratory of Oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China

Horizontal well drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing are key technologies for the development of shale gas *** acquisition of hydraulic fracture parameters is crucial for evaluating fracturing effectiveness,optimizing processes,and predicting gas *** paper establishes a transient flow model for shale gas wells based on the boundary element method,achieving the characterization of stimulated reservoir volume for a single *** integrating pressure monitoring data following the pumping shut-in period of hydraulic fracturing for well testing interpretation,a workflow for inverting fracture parameters of shale gas wells is *** new method eliminates the need for prolonged production testing and can interpret parameters of individual hydraulic fracture segments,offering significant advantages over the conventional pressure transient *** practical application of thismethodology was conducted on 10 shale gaswellswithin the Changning shale gas block of Sichuan,*** results show a high correlation between the interpreted single-stage total length and surface area of hydraulic fractures and the outcomes of gas production profile ***,significant correlations are observed between these parameters and cluster number,horizontal stress difference,and natural fracture *** demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed fracture parameter inversion method and the feasibility of field *** findings of this study aim to provide solutions and references for the inversion of fracture parameters in shale gas wells.

关键词： Well test analysis shale gas hydraulic fracturing boundary element method fracturing effect evaluation

The Origin of Paleokarst in the Huanglong Formation of the Eastern Sichuan Basin:Evidence from δ^(13)C, δ^(18)O and ^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第6期88卷 1852-1862页

作者： CHEN Haoru ZHENG Rongcai WEN Huaguo LI Shilin LI Shuang ZHOU Gang WEN Longbin State Key Laboratory of Oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Chengdu University of Technology Chongqing gas District of Southwest Oil and gas company of CNPC Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute PetroC hina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Company

Karst rocks from the Huanglong Formation exposed at the margin of the Eastern Sichuan Basin can be divided into four types：slightly corroded, moderately corroded porous, intensely corroded brecciated and intensely corroded and replaced secondary calcic karstic rocks. The carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope compositions of the various karst rocks are analyzed systematically and compared to rocks without karst corrosion. The results indicate that（1） the Huanglong Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin was a restricted bay supplied and controlled by freshwater in which mudmicrite and mud-dolomicrite exhibit low δ13C and δ18O values and high 87Sr/86 Sr ratios;（2） all types of karstic rocks in the paleokarst reservoirs of the Huanglong Formation in the research area are affected by atmospheric freshwater with the δ13C and δ18O values and 87Sr/86 Sr ratios in the original formation approaching those of atmospheric freshwater, which reflects ancient hydrological conditions, fluid properties, isotopic source and the fractionation effect;（3） the intensely corroded and replaced secondary limestone is affected by a variety of diagenetic fluids, often reflected by δ13C and δ18O values, while the 87Sr/86 Sr ratios exhibit the strong degree of the corrosion;（4） after comparing the 87Sr/86 Sr ratios of each type of karst rock, the diagenetic fluids are determined to be mainly atmospheric freshwater, and depending on the strength of corrosion, and the low 87Sr/86 Sr ratio fluids in the layer will participate in the karst process. The carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotopes of different karstic reservoirs can provide meaningful geochemical information for forecasting and evaluating the development and distribution rules of the Huanglong Formation at the margin of the eastern Sichuan Basin in time and space.

关键词： paleokarst reservoirs carbon and oxygen isotope strontium isotope geochemistry Huanglong Formation eastern Sichuan area

Basin-Scale Sand Deposition in the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation of the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China: Sedimentary Framework and Conceptual Model

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第1期24卷 89-103页

作者：谭秀成夏青松陈景山李凌刘宏罗冰夏吉文杨家静 State Key Laboratory of Oil and gas Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University School of Resource and Environment Southwest Petroleum University Research Institute of Exploration and Development PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company Branch of Shunan gas Field PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company

The Upper Triassic Xujiahe （须家河） Formation in the Sichuan （四川） Basin, Southwest China is distinctive for the basin-scale sand deposition. This relatively rare sedimentary phenomenon has not been well interpreted. Here we addressed this issue by discussing sedimentary framework and conceptual model. Analysis of sedimentary setting implied that the basin received transgression during the deposition. It had multiple provenance supplies and river networks, as being surrounded by old- lands in multiple directions including the north, east and south. Thus, the basin was generally charac-terized by coastal and widely open and shallow lacustrine deposition during the Late Triassic Xujiahe period. This is similar to the modern well-known Poyang （鄱阳） Lake. Therefore, we investigated the framework and conceptual model of the Sichuan Basin during the Xujiahe period with an analogue to the Poyang Lake. Results show that the conceptual model of the deposition can be divided into transgressive and regressive stages. The first, third and fifth mem- bers of the formation are in transgressive stage and the deposits are dominated by shore and shallow lacustrine mud. In contrast, the deposition is mainly of braided river channel sand deposits during the regressive stage, mainly including the second, fourth and sixth members of the formation. The sand deposited in almost the entire basin because of the lateral migration and forward moving of the cross networks of the braided rivers. The multiple alternations of short and rapid transgression and relatively long regression are beneficial to the basin-scale sand deposition. Thus, the main channel of the braided river and its extensional areas are favorable for the development of hydrocarbon reservoir. This provides practical significance to the reservoir evaluation and exploration. In addition, the results also justify the relatively distinctive sedimentary phenomenon in the study area and may also have im- plications for understanding the

关键词： basin-scale sand deposition coastal and widely open lake sedimentary framework sedimentary conceptual model channel of braided river Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation Sichuan Basin.