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Understanding the determinants of household cooking-fuel choice in sub-Saharan Africa:evidence from Nigeria

Clean Energy 2024年第2期8卷 144-155页

作者： Raheem Olatunji Aminu Maxwell Adizor Dzudzor Funminiyi Peter Oyawole Samson Oluwaseyi Afolayan School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingReadingUK Department of Agricultural Economics and Farm Management Federal University of Agriculture AbeokutaOgun StateNigeria Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness University of GhanaAccraGhana

Overreliance on traditional cooking fuels by agricultural households poses a significant obstacle to achieving the United Nations Sustainable development Goal 7 by 2030 in *** the emerging recognition of remittances as a crucial factor influencing cooking-fuel choices in the energy-transition literature,there is a paucity of studies examining this influence in *** data from 4400 agricultural households sourced from the fourth wave of the Nigerian Living Standard Measurement Survey data sets,this study examined the influence of remittances on cooking-fuel choices,among other factors in *** descriptive statistics and the multinomial logit regression model,the analysis reveals that traditional cooking fuels,including wood,crop residue and animal dung,continue to dominate the cooking-fuel *** empirical result of the multinomial logit model showed that households that receive remittances are more likely to use modern cooking ***,wealthier,more educated households with access to electricity are more likely to use modern and transitional cooking fuels than traditional cooking *** on the findings,the study suggests the incentivization of remittances into the country through the reduction in associated transaction costs and accelerated public infrastructural investment in affordable electricity and good road networks to connect rural areas to gas-supply networks to drive the transition to modern cooking ***,educational and awareness campaigns about the health risks associated with traditional cooking energy,particularly indoor air pollution,should be encouraged,especially in rural areas.

关键词： agricultural households cooking fuels energy ladder Nigeria remittance SDG 7

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Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Presenting with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Secondary to BPH, in a Tertiary Hospital

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Open Journal of Urology 2024年第8期14卷 447-457页

作者： Abdul-Jalilu Mohammed Muntaka Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-Ang Yenli Francis Atindaana Abantanga Department of Surgery School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Surgery Tamale Teaching Hospital Tamale Ghana

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the proliferation of the stromal and epithelial cells of the prostate gland, resulting in an increase in its size. This may result in obstruction of the lower urinary tract causing storage and voiding symptoms. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study from August 2020 to July 2021, to evaluate the characteristic of patients presenting to the Tamale Teaching Hospital with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to BPH. Results: The median age at presentation with LUTS secondary to BPH is 68.88 ± 11.10 years with an average prostate volume of 70 g. The average time of presentation to the hospital is 5 months, mostly with moderate to severe symptoms. Correlation between Prostate volume (PV) and age yielded a positive relationship;however, this was not statistically significant, (r = 0.028, p-value = 0.747). There was a significant positive relationship between PV and the IPSS score, (r = 0.334, p-value Conclusion: Our patients with symptomatic BPH present at age 60 years and above, with nearly all of them presenting with moderate to severe LUTS.

关键词： Benign Prostate Hyperplasia Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Sociodemographic Characteristics

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Correlates of Mistimed Pregnancy and Unmet Need for Family Planning among Women of Reproductive Age in Sandema, ghana

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2024年第2期12卷 125-140页

作者： Elvis Junior Dun-Dery Elijah Yendaw Frederick Dun-Dery Lawrence Bagrmwin Menaal Kaushal Department of Population and Health Research Research Web Africa Sunyani Ghana Department of Governance and development Management Faculty of Planning and Land Management Simon Diedong Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies Wa Ghana University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta Canada Lambussie Polyclinic Ghana Health Service Lambusie Upper West Region Ghana Department of Public Health Lekma Hospital Ghana Health Service Accra Ghana

Background: Globally, an estimated 80 million unintended pregnancies comprising both mistimed and unwanted pregnancies are recorded yearly. Yet only half of the women at risk of mistimed pregnancy use contraceptives. In developing countries, over 100 million females have unmet need, and national surveys in ghana indicate 23% unmet need rate. Methods: Using a cross-sectional community-based approach, a sample size of 300 women of reproductive age were selected using multi-step cluster sampling techniques. The study was quantitative, using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Results: Two-third (66%) of the women in reproductive age still had unmet need, 71% were currently pregnant, and more than a third (36%) confirmed ever having a mistimed pregnancy. Fifty-three percent (53%) of the women confirmed never communicating with their partners on family planning issues, a little below half (45%) took their own health care decisions. Seventy nine percent (79%) ever received family planning services from a health professional. Factors related to unmet needs included mistimed pregnancy, level of education, preferred birth/pregnancy interval, communication between partners and the autonomy to spend self-earnings. Conclusion: Considering that high rates of unmet need results in mistimed pregnancy, improved policies around the influence of unmet need on mistimed pregnancies are needed.

关键词： Contraception Family Planning Mistimed Pregnancy ghana Unintended Pregnancy

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A Modified Lagrange Method for Solving Convex Quadratic Optimization Problems

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Open Journal of Optimization 2024年第1期13卷 1-20页

作者： Twum B. Stephen Avoka John Christian J. Etwire School of Mathematical Science C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Mathematics University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana

In this paper, a modified version of the Classical Lagrange Multiplier method is developed for convex quadratic optimization problems. The method, which is evolved from the first order derivative test for optimality of the Lagrangian function with respect to the primary variables of the problem, decomposes the solution process into two independent ones, in which the primary variables are solved for independently, and then the secondary variables, which are the Lagrange multipliers, are solved for, afterward. This is an innovation that leads to solving independently two simpler systems of equations involving the primary variables only, on one hand, and the secondary ones on the other. Solutions obtained for small sized problems (as preliminary test of the method) demonstrate that the new method is generally effective in producing the required solutions.

关键词： Quadratic Programming Lagrangian Function Lagrange Multipliers Optimality Conditions Subsidiary Equations Modified Lagrange Method

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Software and Mobile Apps as a Strategy for Productivity Improvement in the Construction Industry

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2024年第1期12卷 1-35页

作者： Stanley Owuotey Bonney Jonas Ekow Yankah Kofi Owusu Adjei Chris Kurbom Tieru Department of Built Environment University of Environment and Sustainable Development Somanya Ghana Department of Construction Technology and Management Cape Coast Technical University Cape Coast Ghana Department of Building Technology Kumasi Technical University Kumasi Ghana

The construction industry, known for its low productivity, is increasingly utilising software and mobile apps to enhance efficiency. However, more comprehensive research is needed to understand the effectiveness of these technology applications. The PRISMA principles utilised a scoping review methodology to ascertain pertinent studies and extract significant findings. From 2013 onwards, articles containing data on mobile applications or software designed to enhance productivity in the construction sector were obtained from multiple databases, including Emerald Insight, Science Direct, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar. After evaluating 2604 articles, 30 were determined to be pertinent to the study and were subsequently analysed for the review. The review identified five key themes: effectiveness, benefits, successful implementation examples, obstacles and limitations, and a comprehensive list of software and mobile apps. In addition, 71 software and mobile apps have shown potentially how these technologies can improve communication, collaboration, project management, real-time collaboration, document management, and on-the-go project information and estimating processes in the construction industry, increasing efficiency and productivity. The findings highlight the potential of these technologies such as Automation, Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID), Building Information Modeling (BIM), Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Internet of Things (IoT) to improve efficiency and communication in the construction industry. Despite challenges such as cost, lack of awareness, resistance to change, compatibility concerns, human resources, technological and security concerns and licensing issues, the study identifies specific mobile applications and software with the potential to enhance efficiency significantly, improve productivity and streamline workflows. The broader societal impacts of construction software and mobile app development include increased effic

关键词： Software Mobile apps Productivity Technologies Construction Industry

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Effect of Lateritic Stone Aggregate and Coconut Husk Fiber on the Properties of Concrete

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第2期14卷 240-257页

作者： Edmund Borbi Humphrey Danso Emmanuel Appiah-Kubi Department of Construction Technology and Management Education Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Kumasi Ghana Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Kumasi Ghana

Natural stone aggregate forms the bulk volume of concrete and has contributed to the increased cost of concrete production. This has led to the search for alternate aggregates such as lateritic stone for concrete production. This paper investigates the engineering properties of concrete produced with lateritic aggregate (LA) as the coarse aggregate replacement and coconut husk fibre (CHF) as reinforcement. Natural stone aggregate was replaced by LA at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%, with 0.25% constant CHF by weight. A mix proportion of 1:1.5:3 with a water-cement ratio of 0.6 was used for producing concrete. A total of 162 specimens (90 cubes and 72 beams) were prepared and tested at the 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of curing. The highest compressive strength was 43.36 N/mm2 (10% LA replacement) as compared to the control of 41.51 N/mm2. The 10% LA replacement obtained the highest flexural strength of 5.35 N/mm2 as compared with the 5.29 N/mm2 for the control. The water absorption of the concrete increased from 2.8% (control) to 3.57% (50% replacement LA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed micro gaps between CHF and LA concrete. The study, therefore, concludes that the use of LA and CHF positively influenced the strength properties of concrete. 10% LA replacement of coarse aggregate and 0.25% CHF is recommended to practitioners for use.

关键词： Concrete Coarse Aggregate Compressive Strength Flexural Strength Natural Stone Aggregate SEM

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Evaluating the Effectiveness of Consultants’ Roles in Improving Value for Money in Public Infrastructure Projects in ghana

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Journal of Building Construction and Planning Research 2024年第3期12卷 69-85页

作者： Sheitu Abu Nongiba Alkanam Kheni Adams Abudi Department of Technical and Vocational Education Mampong Technical College of Education Mampong Ghana Department of Construction Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Kumasi Ghana Department of Technical and Vocational Education Bagabaga Training College Tamale Ghana

ghanaian construction projects encounter a number of challenges, including low health, safety, and environmental requirements, poor performance, and time and cost overruns. To provide value for money (VFM) on government infrastructure projects in ghana, this research assesses the roles of project consultants, specifically architects and quantity surveyors, and highlights important obstacles. A cross-sectional survey design involving architects and quantity surveyors yielded a 96% response rate after 100 questionnaires were distributed. Consultants’ responsibilities also include monitoring standards compliance, providing advice on delays, controlling budgets, and advising on project completion dates. Difficulties encompass a lack of promptness in decision-making, unethical conduct, political pressure, and inadequate focus on contract administration and construction audits. Project urgency, longevity, political clout, timely decision-making, and team experience are important variables that impact VFM. Policy makers and construction management practitioners should take note of the implications for ghana’s public infrastructure projects.

关键词： Consultants Value for Money Physical Infrastructure ghana

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The Role of Plantain in Promoting Food Security: A Review

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第5期15卷 313-335页

作者： Doreen Dedo Adi Department of Hospitality and Tourism Education Akenten Appiah-Menka University of Skills Training and Entrepreneurial Development Kumasi Ghana

Plantain is a food security crop of significant nutritional value in the global south. Yet there are significant post-harvest losses, especially at the senescent stage. This review seeks to give a general overview of the crop, its nutritional significance and the technologies that can be adopted to enhance its utilisation at its senescent stage. In West Africa, plantains are eaten at all ripening stages, yet processing is limited to the unripe and semi-ripe. Adoptable technologies such as foam-mat drying will enhance its utilisation in indigenous meals and other food applications. This review provides useful insight to optimize the use of plantain to prevent food waste.

关键词： Food Security Plantain Foam-Mat Drying Ripening

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Regulation effects of water and nitrogen on yield,water,and nitrogen use efficiency of wolfberry

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第1期16卷 29-45页

作者： GAO Yalin QI Guangping MA Yanlin YIN Minhua WANG Jinghai WANG Chen TIAN Rongrong XIAO Feng LU Qiang WANG Jianjun College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou 730070China Jingtaichuan Electric Power irrigation Water Resource Utilization Center in Gansu Province Baiyin 730900China

Wolfberry(Lycium barbarum L.)is important for health care and ecological ***,it faces problems of low productivity and resource utilization during *** reasonable models for water and nitrogen management is important for solving these *** on field trials in 2021 and 2022,this study analyzed the effects of controlling soil water and nitrogen application levels on wolfberry height,stem diameter,crown width,yield,and water(WUE)and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE).The upper and lower limits of soil water were controlled by the percentage of soil water content to field water capacity(θ_(f)),and four water levels,i.e.,adequate irrigation(W0,75%-85%θ_(f)),mild water deficit(W1,65%-75%θ_(f)),moderate water deficit(W2,55%-65%θ_(f)),and severe water deficit(W3,45%-55%θ_(f))were used,and three nitrogen application levels,i.e.,no nitrogen(N0,0 kg/hm^(2)),low nitrogen(N1,150 kg/hm^(2)),medium nitrogen(N2,300 kg/hm^(2)),and high nitrogen(N3,450 kg/hm^(2))were *** results showed that irrigation and nitrogen application significantly affected plant height,stem diameter,and crown width of wolfberry at different growth stages(P<0.01),and their maximum values were observed in W1N2,W0N2,and W1N3 *** weight per plant and yield of wolfberry first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen application under the same water *** weight per hundred grains and dry weight percentage increased with increasing nitrogen application under W0 ***,under other water treatments,the values first increased and then decreased with increasing nitrogen *** and its component of wolfberry first increased and then decreased as water deficit increased under the same nitrogen *** water use efficiency(IWUE,8.46 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)),WUE(6.83 kg/(hm^(2)·mm)),partial factor productivity of nitrogen(PFPN,2.56 kg/kg),and NUE(14.29 kg/kg)reached their highest values in W2N2,W1N2,W1N2,and W1N1 treatments.R

关键词： water deficit growth characteristics yield water and nitrogen use efficiency principal component analysis

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Propofol with Varied Functions: A Potential Therapeutic Opportunity for Postoperative Nausea, Vomiting and Pruritus—A Narrative Review

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2024年第2期14卷 13-24页

作者： Thomas W. Anabah Fidelis Bayor David Z. Kolbila Terence Kunfire Dakurah Sylvanus Kampo Juventus B. Ziem Anaesthesia Unit Habana Medical Services Tamale Ghana Department of Anaesthesiology Lawra Municipal Hospital Ghana Health Service Lawra Ghana Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology School of Medicine University for Development Studies Tamale Ghana Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana Department of Medical Microbiology School of Medical Sciences C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences Navrongo Ghana

Background: Despite the advances in anesthetics and non-pharmacological techniques, the prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in all patients remains high. It is one of the most common distressing symptoms that cause dissatisfaction among patients after anesthesia and surgery. A sub-hypnotic dose of propofol has been shown to reduce morphine-induced postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pruritus. This review article will provide sufficient knowledge on the role of propofol in minimizing opioid-induced postoperative nausea, vomiting, and pruritus by providing detailed information on propofol antiemetic and antipruritic effects, as well as discussions based on empirically available data. Method: We conducted a narrative review of the literature published between 1990 and 2023 from a range of databases;PubMed, BioMed Central, Biosis Previews, Nature, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, Springer-Link, and Elsevier. Discussion and Conclusion: The literatures reviewed in this study have demonstrated that propofol may have diverse therapeutic effects including antiemetic and antipruritic. The antiemetic effect of propofol may be an effective therapeutic approach for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting. The literature also demonstrated that the use of propofol for sedation during surgery may as well ameliorates opioids induced postoperative pruritus, which may be beneficial to surgical patients. Also, it was demonstrated that prophylactic use of propofol may be an effective way of preventing nausea and vomiting and pruritus during opioid use.

关键词： Propofol Nausea Vomiting Antiemetic Antipruritic Surgery

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