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Feasibility of Integrating Leprosy Post-Exposure Prophylaxis with Single-Dose Rifampicin (LPEP) into Routine Leprosy Control Program in Bukedi and Teso Regions in Uganda

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 563-580页

作者： Rose Kengonzi Turyahabwe Stavia Lisa Gerwing-Adima Nyote Ronald Kamara Vincent Consolata Mbambara Yusuf Wanyama Buyinza Godfrey Tinyo Daniel Mulwani Elisa Namuyode Damali Aloket Francis Ministry of Health National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Program Kampala Uganda german Tuberculosis and Leprosy Relief Association Kampala Uganda Kibuku District Local Government Kibuku Uganda Budaka District Local Government Budaka Uganda Department of Internal Medicine Mbale Regional Referral Hospital Mbale Uganda Department of Internal Medicine Soroti Regional Referral Hospital Soroti Uganda

Background: World Health organization recommends the implementation of contact tracing and Leprosy Post Exposure prophylaxis (LPEP) to interrupt the chain of transmission. To accelerate the uptake of this recommendation, a cross-sectional study among contacts of leprosy patients was conducted to investigate the feasibility of integrating leprosy systematic contact tracing and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) into the routine leprosy control program. Methods: This was a mixed methods cross-sectional study. The study was implemented in Kumi, Ngora, Serere, Soroti, Budaka and Kibuku Districts. Results: The 45 enrolled index patients (97.8% of the registered) identified a total of 135 contacts, of which 134 (99·2%) consented and were screened. Among them, one new leprosy patient was identified and started on treatment with multidrug therapy (MDT). All the eligible contacts, received the prophylactic treatment with Single Dose Rifampicin (SDR). Overall, SDR was administered to 133(98.5% of the listed contacts) with no adverse event reported. Factors associated with successful contact investigation and management included: Involvement of index patients, health care workers during the contact screening and SDR A administration, counselling of the index patients and contacts by the health care works, LPEP being administered as Directly observed Therapy (DOT) among others. Results Interpretation: The integration of leprosy post-exposure prophylaxis with administration of SDR and contact tracing is feasible, generally accepted by the patient, their contacts and health workers and can be integrated into the National Leprosy control programmes with minimal additional efforts once contact tracing has been established. Therefore, we recommend integration of administration of SDR in to the routine leprosy control program.

关键词： Leprosy Post Exposure Prophylaxis Single Dose Rifampicin

Addressing administrative units in international tsunami early warning systems: shortcomings in international geocode standards

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2012年第4期5卷 356-371页

作者： Matthias Lendholt Martin Hammitzsch german Research Centre for Geosciences Centre for GeoInformation TechnologyPotsdamGermany

Administrative units reflect the territorial hierarchies established within all countries of the *** units are addressable with geocodes that provide a bijective mapping between territories and unique identification *** warning systems for natural or man-made hazards often map affected or threatened areas to administrative units to establish a spatial reference that is comprehensible to all parts of the *** these territories in an international context has several requirements,such as worldwide coverage,completeness and topicality,which must be met by geocode *** this paper,the practicability and suitability of international geocode standards are examined in the context of the requirements of large-scale early warning *** paper exposes the insufficiencies and limitations of existing geocode standards International organization for Standardization(ISO)-3166,Second Administrative Level Boundaries data set project(SALB)and Nomenclature of the Territorial Units for Statistics(NUTS)and emphasises the suitability of the non-official hierarchical administrative subdivision codes(HASC).The analysis is framed in the context of addressing affected areas for an Indian Ocean tsunami early warning *** system was developed within the Distant Early Warning Systems project according to the requirements of the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural organization(UNESCO)Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission for Regional Tsunami Watch Providers(RTWPs).

关键词： digital earth early warning system spatial reference geocode SALB HASC ISO-3166

Challenges in the implementation of food safety and quality assurance systems in small-scale fisheries

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Food Quality and Safety 2023年第1期7卷 178-186页

作者： Esther GarridoGamarro Cecilie Smith Svanevik Anne-Katrine Lundebye Monica Sanden Enrica D'Agostino Marian Kjellevold Lauren Pincus Johannes Pucher Fisheries and Aquaculture Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsViale delle Terme di CaracallaRomeItaly Institute of Marine Research BergenNorway WorldFish Jalan Batu MaungBatu MaungPenangMalaysia german Federal Institute for Risk Assessment Department Experimental Toxicology and ZEBETBerlinGermany Shared first authorship

Ninety percent of the world’s fishers are directly involved in small-scale fisheries(SSFs),and many food safety and quality issues along the food value chains may be both irreversible and *** safe,high-quality aquatic products are key to sustaining life,promoting good health,and avoiding adverse health *** This paper aimed to highlight factors preventing the implementation of safety and quality assurance systems in SSFs by analysing the results from surveys on the implementation of Article 11 of the Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations(FAO)Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries(2017,2019,and 2022).Materials and methods The analysis considered responses to 15 closed-ended questions on food safety and quality obtained from 143 FAO Members and the European Union,and 87 open-ended replies addressing challenges in *** The major factors preventing the implementation of the Code’s food safety and quality provisions were lack of sanitation and monitoring programmes,lack of infrastructure(particularly refrigeration facilities)lack of technical capacities and limited management of food safety risks along the value *** and quality assurance efforts were focused on international markets,resulting in less attention being paid to domestic markets where a high degree of informality was *** Improved implementation of safety and quality assurance systems will lead to safer food with higher nutritional quality,extended shelf-life and reduced post-harvest *** awareness of food safety issues in SSFs is a prerequisite for achieving several of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

关键词： Food security policy monitoring legislation value chain domestic market international trade

Evaluation of proline, chlorophyll, soluble sugar content and uptake of nutrients in the german chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) under drought stress and organic fertilizer treatments

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第10期6卷 886-891页

作者： Amin Salehi Hamidreza Tasdighi Majid Gholamhoseini Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department Yasouj University Oil Seed Crops Department Seed and Plant Improvement Institute Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)

Objective: To investigate the effect of drought stress and organic fertilizer on german chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla) nutrient uptake, leaf chlorophyll content and osmotic adjustment under field ***: This experiment was carried out through a randomized complete block design with a split factorial arrangement of treatments in three replications. The main plots were subjected to the following irrigation treatments: irrigation after 60, 90, 120, 150 and180 mm evaporation from Class A pan. The sub-plots were treated with three vermicompost doses(0, 5 and 10 t/ha).Results: Although drought stress reduced the nutrient percentages in the shoots, application of vermicompost enhanced the nutrient percentages, particularly when the plants were subjected to moderate to severe drought stress conditions. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the interaction between irrigation treatments and vermicompost rates on leaf chlorophyll content was significant. Comparison between the combined treatments indicated that under normal irrigation and moderate drought stress conditions chamomile plants received 5 and 10 t/ha vermicompost showed significantly higher leaf chlorophyll content comparing to the control ***: Totally, organic fertilization by vermicompost could partly alleviate the effect of drought stress on chamomile by increasing N, P and K uptake and leaf soluble sugar, especially in stressed treatments.

关键词： german chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla) Drought stress Osmotic adjustment Organic fertilizer Vermicompost

Taking stock after three years of adoption:Experiences and strategies for implementation and monitoring of the UN Voluntary Guidelines on Tenure(VGGT)

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2015年第4期3卷 324-328页

作者： Charlotte Beckh Elisa Gärtner Michael Windfuhr Paul Munro-Faure Jes Weigelt Alexander Müller Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies(IASS) Potsdam 14467Germany german Institute for Human Rights(DIMR) Berlin 10969Germany Food and Agriculture organization of the United Nations(FAO) Rome 00153Italy

Editorial notes This discussion is edited from a dialogue session of the third Global Soil Week 2015(***).The Global Soil Week is a collective process and a multi-stakeholder knowledge platform to raise awareness and foster exchange on sustainable soil management and responsible land governance *** brings together different knowledge communities such as high-level policy-makers,scientists,NGOs,CSOs,farmers,artists,international organizations,and the private sector.

关键词： collective monitoring foster

A research progress review on regional extreme events

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2018年第3期9卷 161-169页

作者： REN Fu-Min Blair TREWIN Manola BRUNET Pattanaik DUSHMANTA Andreas WALTER Omar BADDOUR Maya KORBER State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Bureau of Meteorology Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia Centre for Climate Change Department of Geography University Rovira i Virgili Tarragona 43007 Spain Climatic Research Unit School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ UK India Meteorological Department New Delhi 110003 India german Meteorological Service (DWD) Offenbach 63067 Germany World Meteorological organization Geneva 1211 Switzerland

An extreme （weather and climate） event does not only mean that an extreme occurs at a location, but more generally it can impact a certainarea and last a certain period of time, which is defined as a regional extreme event （REE） with a certain impacted area and duration. The conceptof REE has been defined to allow mainly objective assessment of the events without a pre-determined boundary and duration. This paper reviewsthe studies on REEs published during the past 20 years, especially recent years. Mainly in view of methodology, these studies can be divided intothree types studies focusing on spatial simultaneity, studies focusing on temporal persistence, and studies identifying REEs. The methodsidentifying REEs include two kinds, e.g., type-I methods stressing REE＇s temporal persistence within a relatively certain area and type-IImethods focusing on catching a complete REE. Identification methods proposed in this paper could provide valuable information for variouspurposes, such as real-time monitoring, estimating long-term changes, mechanism diagnosis, forecasting study and even attribution *** on REEs is important for objectively defining extreme weather and climate events, which depends on the spatial and temporal scales ofinterest. Such an objective definition will support ongoing climate monitoring and improve the assessment of how regional extreme events havechanged over time.

关键词： Extreme (weather and climate) events Regional extreme events Research progress Review

Survival trends of patients with non-metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma in the US and European countries:the impact of decreasing resection rates

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Cancer Communications 2022年第7期42卷 648-662页

作者： Lei Huang Lina Jansen Rob H.A.Verhoeven Jelle P.Ruurda Liesbet Van Eycken Harlinde De Schutter Jan Johansson Mats Lindblad Tom B.Johannesen Vesna Zadnik Tina Zagar Sjoerd M.Lagarde Cornelis J.Hvan de Velde Petra Schrotz-King Hermann Brenner Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research German Cancer Research Center(DKFZ)Heidelberg 69120Germany Medical Faculty Heidelberg of Heidelberg University Heidelberg 69120Germany german Cancer Consortium German Cancer Research CenterHeidelberg 69120Germany Department of Research&Development Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer OrganizationUtrecht 3501 DBThe Netherlands Department of Medical Oncology Amsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdam 1105 AZThe Netherlands Department of Surgery University Medical Center UtrechtUtrecht 3508 GAThe Netherlands Belgian Cancer Registry Brussels B-1210Belgium Department of Esophageal and Gastric Surgery Lund University HospitalLund 22185Sweden Department of Clinical Science Interventionand TechnologyDivision of SurgeryKarolinska University HospitalStockholm 17176Sweden Registry Department The Cancer Registry of NorwayOslo 0379Norway Epidemiology and Cancer Registry Institute of Oncology LjubljanaLjubljana 1000Slovenia Department of Surgery Erasmus Medical Centre-University Medical Centre RotterdamRotterdam 3015 CEThe Netherlands Department of Surgical Oncology Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden 2300 RCThe Netherlands Division of Preventive Oncology German Cancer Research Center and National Center for Tumor DiseasesHeidelberg 69120Germany

Background:We previously observed decreasing resection rates of nonmetastatic gastric adenocarcinoma(GaC)in the US and some European *** and to what extent these trends affect the trends in overall survival(OS)of patients with non-metastatic GaC at the population level remain *** large international population-based cohort study aimed to assess the impact of the previously observed decreasing resection rates on multivariable-adjusted trends in the long-term OS of patients with non-metastatic ***:Individual-level data of patients with non-metastatic GaC were obtained from the national cancer registries of the Netherlands,Belgium,Sweden,Norway,and Slovenia,and the US Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results *** analyzed data for each country *** between year of diagnosis and OS were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression model with adjustment for multiple prognostic variables,with and without including resection and chemotherapy as potential explanatory ***:A total of 66,398 non-metastatic GaC patients diagnosed in 2003-2016 were analyzed,with an accumulated follow-up of 172,357 *** adjustment for resection,OS was improved only slightly in the US[hazard ratio(HR)_(per year)=0.99;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=0.96],and no improvement was observed in the investigated European countries,with OS even worsening in Sweden(HR_(per year)=1.03;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=1.17).After adjusting for resection,the increasing OS trend became stronger in the US(HR_(per year)=0.98;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=0.88),and the temporal trend became insignificant in *** Slovenia(HR_(per year)=0.99;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=0.92)and Norway(HR_(per year)=0.97;HR_(≥vs.<2010)=0.86),improved OS over time emerged after resection *** OS in patients undergoing resection was observed in the US,the Netherlands,and *** for chemotherapy did not alter the observed *** analyses by tumor location showedm

关键词： gastric adenocarcinoma resection rate adjusted overall survival temporal trend prognostic factors international population-based cohort study

Buruli ulcer in Nigeria:results of a pilot case study in three rural districts

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 328-336页

作者： Kingsley N.Ukwaja Anthony O.Meka Alphonsus Chukwuka Kingsley B.Asiedu Kristina L.Huber Miriam Eddyani Joseph N.Chukwu Moses C.Anyim Charles C.Nwafor Daniel C.Oshi Nelson O.Madichie Ngozi Ekeke Martin Njoku Kentigern Ntana Department of Medicine Federal Teaching HospitalFMC RdAbakalikiEbonyi StateNigeria Medical Department German Leprosy and TB Relief AssociationEnuguEnugu StateNigeria St Benedict’s Tuberculosis and Leprosy Rehabilitation Hospital OgojaCross River StateNigeria Global Buruli Ulcer Initiative Department of Control of Neglected Tropical DiseasesWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine University HospitalLudwig-Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany Mycobacteriology Unit Department of MicrobiologyInstitute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium

Background:Buruli ulcer(BU),also known as Mycobacterium ulcerans disease,is the third most common mycobacterial disease *** BU disease has been diagnosed among Nigerians in neighbouring West African countries,data on the burden of the disease in Nigeria itself are *** study aimed to assess the magnitude and epidemiology of BU in the South South region of ***:We conducted a cross-sectional survey in the Ogoja territory(comprising 31 communities).We undertook sensitisation programmes centred on BU in 10 of the *** were asked to identify community members with long-standing ulcers,who were then invited for *** also contacted traditional healers to refer their clients who had non-healing *** suspected cases had a full clinical evaluation and laboratory *** cases were given treatment in a referral hospital in the ***:We diagnosed 41 clinical BU cases;36(87.8%)of which were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).These 36 PCR-confirmed cases were diagnosed in a total population of 192,169 ***,the estimated crude prevalence of BU was 18.7 per 100,000 population,varying from 6.0 to 41.4 per 100,000 in the districts *** majority(66.7%)of the cases were *** 92%of the BU lesions were located on the patients’*** differences were observed between the sexes in terms of the location of the *** age of the patients ranged from four to 60 years,with a median age of 17 *** 35(100%)patients who consented to treatment completed chemotherapy as *** the treated cases,29(82.9%)needed and received *** cases healed,but 29(82.9%)had some limitations in *** with limitations in movement occurred in 18/19(94.7%)and 8/10(80.0%)of patients with lesions>15 cm(Category III)and 6–15 cm in diameter(Category II),*** median duration of treatment was 130(87–164)days for children and

关键词： Buruli ulcer Mycobacterium ulcerans Epidemiology Case finding Endemicity Ogoja Cross River State Nigeria

Seroconversion of HBsAG coincides with hepatitis A superinfection: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第9期8卷 1651-1655页

作者： Claudia Beisel Marylyn M Addo Julian Schulze zur Wiesch Department of Internal Medicine Division of Infectious DiseaseUniversity Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburg 20251Germany german Center for Infection Research Hamburg 20251Germany

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is a hepatotropic virus that can cause acute and chronic liver *** to the world health organization 257 million people are infected with chronic HBV infection ***-infection with other hepadnaviruses,including hepatitis A virus(HAV),hepatitis C virus,hepatitis D virus,and hepatitis E virus is associated with increased risk of acute liver failure in patients with chronic *** SUMMARY Here,we report a case of a 47-year old male patient with HBV-related compensated Child A cirrhosis,who presented with general fatigue,malaise and laboratory signs of acute *** the patient was regularly seen at a specialized university liver unit,the HAV vaccination status was *** HAV super-infection was diagnosed by positive serological and polymerase chain reaction *** acute HAV super-infection,spontaneous HBsAg elimination and development of an anti-HBs titer were *** This case illustrates the importance of carefully checking the vaccination *** our patient,unspecific immunological responses to HAV led to functional cure of HBV.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B infection Liver cirrhosis Acute hepatitis A infection HBsAg clearance Functional cure Case report