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Preclinical and clinical studies on cancer-associated cachexia

Frontiers in Biology 2018年第1期13卷 11-18页

作者： D. Brooke Widner D. Clark Files Kathryn E. Weaver Yusuke Shiozawa department of Cancer Biology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston-Salem NC 27157 USA Internal Medicine-Sections inPulmonaryand Critical care Medicine and geriatrics and the Critical Illness Injury and Recovery Research Center Wake Forest School of Medicine W~nston-Salem NC 27157 USA department of Social Sciences and Health Policy and Comprehensive Cancer Center of Wake Forest University Wake Forest School of Medicine Wtnston-Salem NC 27157 USA

BACKGROUND： Cancer cachexia is the wasting condition that is often seen in advanced stage cancer patients. This wasting is largely attributable to a systemic and progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass that greatly hinders performance of normal daily activities, resulting in reduced quality of life. Moreover, it negatively influences the prognosis of cancer patients. A general consensus in the field is that the loss of muscle mass is due both to an increase in protein degradation and a decrease in protein synthesis. Recent studies using preclinical models for studying cachexia have been useful in identifying the contribution of inflammatory cytokines （e.g. tumor necrosis factor-a and Interleukin-6）, and myostatin receptors （e.g. the type IIB activin receptor） to cachexia development, and have led to several clinical trials. However, many questions remain about the molecular mechanisms thought to play a role in the development of cachexia. METHODS： We conducted a literature search using search engines, such as PubMed and Google Scholar to identify publications within the cancer cachexia field. RESULTS- We summarized our current knowledge of： 1） the driving mechanisms of cancer cachexia, 2） the preclinical models available for studying the condition, and 3） the findings of recent clinical trials. CONCLUSION： Cancer cachexia is a complex and variable condition that currently has no standard effective therapeutic treatment. Further studies are desperately needed to better understand this condition and develop effective combination treatments for patients.

关键词： cancer cachexia muscle wasting bodyweight loss metabolic changes increased protein degradation decreased protein synthesis

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Efficacy of a novel endotoxin adsorber polyvinylidene fluoride fiber immobilized with L-serine ligand on septic pigs

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第4期12卷 264-272页

作者： Jian-ping GAO Man HUANG Ning LI Peng-fei WANG Huan-lin CHEN Qiu-ping XU Critical care department Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310016 China department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

A novel adsorber,polyvinylidene fluoride matrix immobilized with L-serine ligand (PVDF-Ser),was developed in the present study to evaluate its safety and therapeutic efficacy in septic pigs by extracorporeal *** adsorption efficiency (EAE) of the adsorber was firstly measured in *** biocompatibility and hemodynamic changes during extracorporeal circulation were then *** half of 16 pigs receiving lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli O111:B4,5 μg/kg) intravenously in 1 h were consecutively treated by hemoperfusion with the new adsorber for 2 *** changes of circulating endotoxin and certain cytokines and respiratory function were *** 72 h-survival rate was assessed *** reached 46.3% (100 EU/ml in 80 ml calf serum) after 2 *** deleterious effect was observed within the *** plasma endotoxin,interleukin-6 (IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were decreased during the *** oxygenation was also improved during and after the ***,the survival time was significantly extended (>72 h vs.47.5 h for median survival time).The novel product PVDF-Ser could adsorb endotoxin with high safety and *** use of extracorporeal hemoperfusion with the new adsorber could reduce the levels of circulating endotoxin,IL-6,and TNF-α,besides improve respiratory function and consequent 72 h-survival rate of the septic *** removal strategy with blood purification using the new adsorber renders a potential promising future in sepsis therapy.

关键词： Sepsis Endotoxin Adsorption Polyvinylidene fluoride matrix immobilized with L-serine ligand (PVDF-Ser) Hemoperfusion Pig

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Characteristics of patients with chronic airflow obstruction caused by solid fuel or tobacco smoke

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Chinese Medical Journal 2022年第5期135卷 622-624页

作者： Huanyu Long Zhenzhen Xing Di Chai Weiming Liu Yaqi Tong Yuxia Wang Yali Ma Mingming Pan Jia Cui Yanfei Guo department of Respiratory and Critical care Medicine Beijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China The Key Laboratory of geriatrics Beijing Institute of GeriatricsBeijing HospitalNational Center of GerontologyNational Health CommissionInstitute of Geriatric MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100730China department of Intensive care Medicine Beijing Boai HospitalBeijing 100068China Rehabilitation Research Center Beijing 100068China

To the Editor: Chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) is a characteristic feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and occurs due to airway and/or alveolar abnormalities typically associated with exposure to noxious particles or gases.[1] The major risk factor for CAO is cigarette smoking, but exposure to solid fuel likely influences CAO development. Studies have found that solid fuel exposure is associated with a high prevalence of CAO, particularly among women.[2] Comparing COPD caused by either solid fuel or tobacco smoke exposure is very significant because about 3 billion people are exposed to solid fuel smoke, and 1.01 billion people smoke tobacco, globally. This study aimed to investigate and compare the clinical and functional characteristics of CAO patients exposed to solid fuel and tobacco smoke using propensity score matching (PSM) in western China.

关键词： patients obstruction smoke

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Antibody-drug conjugates:Recent advances in payloads

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第10期13卷 4025-4059页

作者： Zhijia Wang Hanxuan Li Lantu Gou Wei Li Yuxi Wang department of Pulmonary and Critical care Medicine Targeted Tracer Research and Development LaboratoryInstitute of Respiratory HealthFrontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular NetworkNational Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyPrecision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province&Precision Medicine Research CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Frontiers Medical Center Tianfu Jincheng LaboratoryChengdu 610212China department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of PharmacyUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTN 38163USA

Antibody-drug conjugates(ADCs),which combine the advantages of monoclonal antibodies with precise targeting and payloads with efficient killing,show great clinical therapeutic *** ADCs’payloads play a key role in determining the efficacy of ADC drugs and thus have attracted great attention in the *** ideal ADC payload should possess sufficient toxicity,low immunogenicity,high stability,and modifiable functional *** ADC payloads include tubulin inhibitors and DNA damaging agents,with tubulin inhibitors accounting for more than half of the ADC drugs in clinical ***,due to clinical limitations of traditional ADC payloads,such as inadequate efficacy and the development of acquired drug resistance,novel highly efficient payloads with diverse targets and reduced side effects are being *** perspective summarizes the recent research advances of traditional and novel ADC payloads with main focuses on the structure-activity relationship studies,co-crystal structures,and designing strategies,and further discusses the future research directions of ADC *** review also aims to provide valuable references and future directions for the development of novel ADC payloads that will have high efficacy,low toxicity,adequate stability,and abilities to overcome drug resistance.

关键词： Antibody‒drug conjugates Dual payloads Tubulin inhibitors DNA damaging agents PROTACs RNA targeting agents

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Simultaneous Erb's and Klumpke's palsy: Case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2015年第12期3卷 984-987页

作者： Ashley Dawson Eliana Vasquez David Garrett Jr Frank S Harris Ibrahim M El Nihum Samantha Dayawansa Jason H Huang Soren Singel Faculty of Medicine Texas A and M University department of Neurosurgery Baylor Scott and White Health Care

Mapping nerve deficits during a physical exam after trauma to the upper extremity can help determine not only if the brachial plexus was injured but also which nerve roots were involved. A 28-year-old male presented with simultaneous signs and symptoms of Erb's(C5) and Klumpke's(C8, T1) palsy, with sparing of the C6 and C7 roots. The patient presented several months ago to his local emergency room with shortness of breath, which was determined to be caused by left diaphragmatic paralysis through clinical and radiographical evidence. However, the etiology of the current nerve dysfunction in the upper extremity remained unknown. With persistent questioning and establishing the patient's trust in the caregivers, it was revealed that the patient had attempted suicidal hanging. We describe the clinical features and the likely mechanism of injury leading to this previously unreported combination of brachial plexus injuries. The unique injuries to this patient's brachial plexus can be explained by the sequence of events during the attempted suicidal hanging. The upper brachial plexus was injured during the initial moments where the neck was excessively stretched and the lower brachial plexus was injured due to the patient reaching up and holding himself by his arm for an extended period of time.

关键词： Erb’s palsy Klumpke’s palsy Hanging injury

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Bullectomy used to treat a patient with pulmonary vesicles related to COVID-19:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第3期10卷 1086-1092页

作者： He-Xiao Tang Li Zhang Yan-Hong Wei Chang-Sheng Li Bo Hu Jing-Ping Zhao Nahush A Mokadam Hua Zhu Jun Lin Su-Fang Tian Xue-Feng Zhou department of Thoracic Surgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071Hubei ProvinceChina department of Cardiovascular Surgery Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071Hubei ProvinceChina department of Internal Medicine&geriatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071Hubei ProvinceChina department of Critical care Medicine Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071Hubei ProvinceChina Division of Cardiac Surgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOH 43210United States department of Gastroenterology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071Hubei ProvinceChina department of Pathology Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071Hubei ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND The corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19)has been a pandemic for more than one year and estimated to affect the whole world in the near *** SUMMARY Here we reported that one COVID-19 patient with vesicles was treated by *** patient’s perioperative laboratory tests were *** pathological findings of bullectomy were described and compared with those of common bulla *** This patient with vesicles underwent bullectomy and had a poor *** showed diffuse alveolar damage and extensive necrosis in bullectomy *** hope our report will be of interest for clinicians who will treat COVID-19 patients in the future.

关键词： Corona Virus Disease 2019 Pulmonary vesicle Surgical treatment Case report

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Symptom clusters and quality of life among patients with advanced heart failure

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第5期13卷 408-414页

作者： Doris SF Yu Helen YL Chan Doris YP Leung Elsie Hui Janet WH Sit The Nethersole School of Nursing The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China department of Medicine and geriatrics Shatin Hospital Hong Kong China

Objectives To identify symptom clusters among patients with advanced heart failure （HF） and the independent relationships with their quality of life （QoL）. Methods This is the secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional study which interviewed 119 patients with advanced HF in the geriatric unit of a regional hospital in Hong Kong. The symptom profile and QoL were assessed by using the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale （ESAS） and the McGill QoL Questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the symptom clusters. Hier- archical regression analysis was used to examine the independent relationships with their QoL, after adjusting the effects of age, gender, and comorbidities. Results The patients were at an advanced age （82.9± 6.5 years）. Three distinct symptom clusters were identified： they were the distress cluster （including shortness of breath, anxiety, and depression）, the decondition cluster （fatigue, drowsiness, nausea, and reduced appetite）, and the discomfort cluster （pain, and sense of generalized discomfort）. These three symptom clusters accounted for 63.25% of variance of the patients＇ symptom experience. The small to moderate correlations between these symptom clusters indicated that they were rather independent of one another. After adjusting the age, gender and comorbidities, the distress （β = -0.635, P 〈 0.001）, the decondition （β = -0.148, P = 0.01）, and the discomfort （β = -0.258, P 〈 0.001） symptom clusters independently predicted their QoL. Conclusions This study identified the distinctive symptom clusters among patients with advanced HF. The results shed light on the need to develop palliative care interventions for optimizing the symptom control for this life-limiting disease.

关键词： Advanced heart failure Palliative care model Quality of life Symptom clusters

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Emphysematous pancreatitis associated with penetrating duodenal ulcer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第48期23卷 8666-8670页

作者： Claudio Tana Mauro Silingardi Maria Adele Giamberardino Francesco Cipollone Tiziana Meschi Cosima Schiavone Internal Medicine and Critical Subacute care Unit Medicine Geriatric-Rehabilitation DepartmentUniversity-Hospital of Parma Internal Medicine Unit Maggiore Hospital of Bologna Francesco Cipollone Ce.S.I.-Met“G.D’Annunzio”University of Chieti geriatrics Clinic Department of Medicine and Science of Aging“G.D’Annunzio”University of Chieti Regional Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis Hypertension and Dyslipidemia“SS Annunziata”Hospital-ASL Chieti Unit of Internistic Ultrasound Department of Medicine and Science of Aging“G.D’Annunzio”University of Chieti

In the "proton pump inhibitors era",a penetrating peptic ulcer(PPU) represents an exceptional cause of abdominal pain,and was more frequently observed in the past where there was not an effective antacid treatment. Ulcer-induced pancreatitis is very rare,too,and manifests with persistent,intense pain radiating to the back. A mild to severe pancreatitis with peripancreatic fluid collection can be observed at imaging. However,only a few cases of association between PPU and emphysematous pancreatitis(EP) have been published in the literature. EP is a rare but potentially fatal form of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in which gas grows in and outside the pancreas,and typically involves the whole parenchyma in diabetic *** we report an extremely rare case of a duodenal ulcer penetrating the pancreas and complicated with *** the classic form of EP,which involves the whole parenchyma and has a poor prognosis,we found that the emphysematous involvement of the pancreas by PPU has a benign course if a conservative therapy is promptly established. Gas is confined to the site of penetration,usual y the pancreatic head,and ulcers most often involve the duodenum.

关键词： Acute Pancreatitis Emergency department Gas-forming bacteria

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COVID-19 and the digestive system:A comprehensive review

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2021年第16期9卷 3796-3813页

作者： Ming-Ke Wang Hai-Yan Yue Jin Cai Yu-Jia Zhai Jian-Hui Peng Ju-Fen Hui Deng-Yong Hou Wei-Peng Li Ji-Shun Yang department of Disease Control and Prevention Naval Medical Center of PLANaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200052China department of Digestive Diseases Naval Medical Center of PLANaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200052China department of geriatrics Naval Medical Center of PLANaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200052China department of Infectious Diseases Naval Medical Center of PLANaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200052China department of Outpatient Services Naval Medical Center of PLANaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200052China department of Quality Management Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital(Pazhou Campus)Guangzhou 510317Guangdong ProvinceChina Medical care Center Naval Medical Center of PLANaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200052China

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)is spreading at an alarming rate,and it has created an unprecedented health emergency threatening tens of millions of people *** studies have indicated that SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid could be detected in the feces of patients even after smearnegative respiratory ***,demonstration of confirmed fecal-oral transmission has been *** studies have shown an incidence rate of gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms ranging from 2%to 79.1%in patients with *** may precede or accompany respiratory *** most common GI symptoms included nausea,diarrhea,and abdominal *** addition,some patients also had liver injury,pancreatic damage,and even acute mesenteric ischemia/*** the incidence rates reported in different centers were quite different,the digestive system was the clinical component of the COVID-19 *** have shown that angiotensinconverting enzyme 2,the receptor of SARS-CoV-2,was not only expressed in the lungs,but also in the upper esophagus,small intestine,liver,and *** possible mechanism of GI symptoms in COVID-19 patients may include direct viral invasion into target cells,dysregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,immune-mediated tissue injury,and gut dysbiosis caused by ***,numerous experiences,guidelines,recommendations,and position statements were published or released by different organizations and societies worldwide to optimize the management practice of outpatients,inpatients,and endoscopy in the era of *** this review,based on our previous work and relevant literature,we mainly discuss potential fecal-oral transmission,GI manifestations,abdominal imaging findings,relevant pathophysiological mechanisms,and infection control and prevention measures in the time of COVID-19.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Gastrointestinal manifestations Abdominal imaging Mechanisms Prevention

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MELAS, MIDD and Beyond: m.3243A>G MT-TL1 Mutation in Adult Patients

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2016年第7期7卷 487-495页

作者： Bun Sheng Man Kei Fong Wing Kwan Ng Sammy Pak Lam Chen Chloe Miu Mak department of Medicine & geriatrics Princess Margaret Hospital Hong Kong China department of Pathology Princess Margaret Hospital Hong Kong China

m.3243A>G MT-TL1 mutation is the most common mitochondrial DNA mutation that results in a wide spectrum of disorders in a maternally inherited pedigree. In adult patients, many present with symptoms and signs indistinguishable from acquired diseases and the correct diagnosis is often delayed after many years. Nevertheless, clues suggesting m.3243A>G usually exist early in the disease course but are only realized late. These hints, from the evolution of symptoms and signs, family background, investigation results, or a combination of these, enable the physician to make the correct diagnosis early, which is important for appropriate treatment and better patient care. As with other inheritable diseases, genetic counselling should be offered regarding the disease management, inheritance mode, recurrence risk, usefulness and limitations of genetic testing and reproductive options.

关键词： Mitochondrial Disease MELAS m.3243A>G

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