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Histopathology of hepatocellular carcinoma-when and what

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Hepatoma research 2022年第1期8卷 35-49页

作者： Doreen Maria Gisder Andrea Tannapfel Iris Tischoff institut der pathologie Ruhr Universität BochumBochum 44789Germany

When do you need to take biopsies of the liver,and what information will you get is the topic of this review on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).If,clinically,the differential diagnosis of HCC after imaging is suggested,a biopsy has become obligatory as a diagnostic confirmation of HCC in the non-cirrhotic liver prior to definitive therapeutic interventions,as well as in a palliative therapy *** the case of hepatic lesions with an uncharacteristic contrast uptake,a biopsy should be performed immediately to confirm the diagnosis of *** diagnosing HCC,a treatment strategy is ***,the biopsy,or in case of surgical treatment,the resected tissue,shows us the different subtypes of HCC,with the steatohepatitic subtype being the most common and the lymphocyte-rich subtype being the least ***,the histological grade of HCC is determined according to the grading system of the WHO or the Edmonson and Steiner *** biopsies,HCC can be differentiated from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma or metastases of other malignant tumors,especially metastases of the gastrointestinal *** summary,biopsies are fundamental in the diagnosis of HCC.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma biopsies histology

Clinically detected gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are on the rise: Epidemiological changes in Germany

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第47期19卷 9012-9019页

作者： Hans Scherübl Brigitte Streller roland Stabenow Hermann Herbst Michael Hopfner Christoph Schwertner Joachim Steinberg Jan Eick Wanda ring Krishna Tiwari Soren M Zappe Klinik für Gastroenterologie GI Onkologie und InfektiologieVivantes Klinikum Am Urban10967 BerlinGermany Gemeinsames Krebsregister der Lander Berlin BrandenburgMecklenburg-VorpommernSachsen-Anhalt und der Freistaaten Sachsen und Thüringen (GKR)10967 BerlinGermany institut für pathologie Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit GmbH10967 BerlinGermany institut für Physiologie Charité-Universitatsmedizin10117 BerlinGermany Charité-Universitatsmedizin Berlin HNO-KlinikCampus Virchow Klinikum13353 BerlinGermany

AIM:To study the epidemiologic changes of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors(GEP-NET)in Germany,we analyzed two time periods 1976-1988 ***:We evaluated epidemiological data of GEP-NET from the former East German National Cancer registry(DDr Krebsregister,1976-1988)and its successor,the Joint Cancer registry(GKr,1998-2006),which was founded after German *** to a particularly substantial database the epidemiological data from the federal states of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania,Saxony,Brandenburg and Thuringia,covering a population of more than 10.8 million people,were *** probabilities were calculated using life table *** addition,GEP-NET patients were evaluated for one or more second(non-GEP-NET)primary ***:A total of 2821 GEP neuroendocrine neoplasms were identified in the two *** overall incidence increased significantly between 1976 and2006 from 0.31(per 100.000 inhabitants per year)to2.27 for men and from 0.57 to 2.38 for *** the later period studied(2004-2006),the small intestine was the most common ***(NE)neoplasms of the small intestine showed the largest absolute increase in incidence,while rectal NE neoplasms exhibited the greatest relative *** the incidence of appendiceal NET in women showed little change between 1976 and *** survival of patients varied for sex,tumor site and the two periods studied but improved significantly over ***,about 20%of the GEP-NET patients developed one or more second *** most common location was the gastrointestinal ***-NET patients without second malignancies fared better than those with one or more of ***:The number of detected GEP-NET increased about 5-fold in Germany between 1976 *** the same time,their anatomic distribution changed,and the survival of GEP-NET patients improved *** malignancies are common and influence the ov

关键词： Neuroendocrine Tumor Epidemiology Gastrinoma Insulinoma Endoscopy German history reunification Second malignancy

Studie über eine alte Leiche von der Zeit der Streitenden reiche aus dem Grab Nr. 1 am Guo-Jia-Gang in Stadt Jingmen der Provinz Hubei

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Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences) 1996年第1期16卷 1-5页

作者：武忠弼官阳周泽斌 forschungsabteilung der Ultrastrukturellen pathologie Tongji Medizinische Universität Wuhan

Durch die systematische Untersuchung und grundliche Studie uber eine Leiche von der Zeit der Streitenden reiche aus dem Grab Nr. 1 am GuoJia-Gang in der Stadt Jingmen der Provinz Hubei wurde festgestellt , daβdiese Leiche vor mehr als 2300 Jahren, namlich in dem mittleren Zeitabschnitt der Streitenden reiche Chinas , in einem Holzsarg beerdigt wurde und die alteste unter allen bisher in China gefundenen alten Sargleichen ist. Sie gehort grundsatzlich auch zu dem Typ der jeweils 1972 in Changsha und 1975 in Jiangling gefundenen alten Leichen der Westlichen Han-Dynastie. Die kollagenen Bindegewebsfasern aus allen Korperteilen dieser Leiche zeigten eine sehr gut erhaltene Ultrastruktur mit ganz deutlichen, ordentlichen, periodischen Querstreifungen. Zwischen den Kollagenfibrillen war interessanterweise wie bei den beiden Leichen der Westlichen HanDynastie auch eine Menge von Bakteriensporen vorhanden. Auβerdem wurde noch eine groβe Menge von Clonorchis sinensis-und Trichuris trichiura-Eier in dem Darminhalt der alten Leiche gefunden. Uber den Erhaltungszustand und die faktoren der guten Erhaltung der Leiche wurde diskutiert. Unserer Ansicht nach sei die Erhaltung der Leiche ein resultat aus einem kombiniertem Effekt von internen und externen faktoren der Leiche.

关键词： alte Leiche Ultrastruktur Clonorchis sinensis Trichuris trichiura kollagene faser

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肾小管发育不全伴胎儿肾静脉血栓形成

德国医学 1997年第4期14卷 241-242页

作者： M.Ortmann U.Querfeld M.Stollorz r.Schrder 武忠弼 institut für pathologie der universitt zu Kln Joseph-Stelzmann-Str.9D-50931 KlnGermany 同济医科大学

肾小管发育不全为一较罕见的发育障碍,其特征是肾近曲小管分化缺如。本病首次由Allanson等于1983年报道,文献中迄今共发表16例。由于本病的家族性出现,且并非主要见于男性,故大多数作者认为系常染色体隐性遗传性疾病,其经过通常为致死性... 详细信息

肾小管发育不全为一较罕见的发育障碍,其特征是肾近曲小管分化缺如。本病首次由Allanson等于1983年报道,文献中迄今共发表16例。由于本病的家族性出现,且并非主要见于男性,故大多数作者认为系常染色体隐性遗传性疾病,其经过通常为致死性,临床表现以羊水过少为特征,后者出现于妊娠第22周后并继之以Potter综合征。产后经过则决定于先天性无尿和呼吸功能不全的合并症。发病机制至今尚不清楚。

关键词：肾小管发育不全并发症肾静脉血栓形成

应用比较性基因组杂交作染色体畸变定量分析的程序

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德国医学 1998年第2期15卷 115-116页

作者： K.roth G.Wolf M.Dietel I.Petersen 阮幼冰 institut für pathologie der Charit Medizinische Fakultt der Humboldt-Universitt zu BerlinSchumannstr.20/21D-10117 BerlinGermany 同济医科大学

比较性基因组杂交(CGH)可用以检查肿瘤DNA的过表达及低表达。进行CGH定量分析的前提是必须将分子细胞遗传学、荧光显微术及数字化图像处理等3种方法紧密结合起来。这一分析程序的基础是载有正常中期染色体的载玻片,其中含有已经原位杂... 详细信息

比较性基因组杂交(CGH)可用以检查肿瘤DNA的过表达及低表达。进行CGH定量分析的前提是必须将分子细胞遗传学、荧光显微术及数字化图像处理等3种方法紧密结合起来。这一分析程序的基础是载有正常中期染色体的载玻片,其中含有已经原位杂交标记了的待检和对照的DNA。对所测标本必须完成如下步骤:荧光图像拍摄、荧光图像的光学调整、强度标准化以计算rATIO图像、制成核型图、CGH总核型图计算、结果评估。

关键词：肿瘤基因诊断基因组杂交比较性染色体畸变

比较性基因组杂交——一种肿瘤基因诊断的筛选方法

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德国医学 1998年第2期15卷 113-114页

作者： I.Petersen AnkeSchwendel UlrikeBockmhl M.Dietel 阮幼冰 institut für pathologie der Charite Humboldt-Universitt zu BerlinSchumannstr.20-1D-10117 BerlinGermany 同济医科大学

比较性基因组杂交是一种分子细胞遗传学方法,可从染色体及亚染色体水平了解肿瘤的基因变异,并可对变异按DNA的增或失加以分类。这种分类具生物学意义,因为DNA的增益提示一个肿瘤基因的活化,而其损失则提示一个肿瘤抑制基因的灭活。这两... 详细信息

比较性基因组杂交是一种分子细胞遗传学方法,可从染色体及亚染色体水平了解肿瘤的基因变异,并可对变异按DNA的增或失加以分类。这种分类具生物学意义,因为DNA的增益提示一个肿瘤基因的活化,而其损失则提示一个肿瘤抑制基因的灭活。这两种基因是恶性肿瘤形成与进展的基础。

关键词：肿瘤基因诊断基因组杂交比较性

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创伤愈合病理学

德国医学 1995年第4期12卷 226-229页

作者： f.Hofstdter 武忠弼 institut für pathologie der Universitat regensburg 同济医科大学

创伤是体表或体内伴有组织破坏和丧失的组织联系离断,可因机械性、温热性、炎性或缺血性损伤引起。紧随其后的复杂的组织再生过程即创伤愈合。此过程有规律性的时间顺序、组织和细胞的特异性、复杂的信号物质和调节物质网络,以及各种各... 详细信息

创伤是体表或体内伴有组织破坏和丧失的组织联系离断,可因机械性、温热性、炎性或缺血性损伤引起。紧随其后的复杂的组织再生过程即创伤愈合。此过程有规律性的时间顺序、组织和细胞的特异性、复杂的信号物质和调节物质网络,以及各种各样的创伤愈合障碍。

关键词：创伤病理学创伤愈合生长因子形态学

慢性髓性白血病的组织学和血液学检查——对科隆和弗来堡大学病理研究所604例髂嵴活检免疫组化-形态测量及临床的比较研究

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Oncology and Translational Medicine 2000年第6期17卷 52-56页

作者： J.Thiele,H.M.Kvasnicka,A.Schmitt-Graeff,H.E.Schaefer,阮幼冰 Zentrum fr pathologie universitt zu Kln Joseph-Stelzmannstraβe 9 D-50924 Kln Germany Zentrum fr pathologie universitt zu Kln Joseph-Stelzmannstraβe 9 D-50924 Kln Germany Zentrum fr pathologie universitt zu Kln Joseph-Stelzmannstraβe 9 D-50924 Kln Germany Zentrum fr pathologie universitt zu Kln Joseph-Stelzmannstraβe 9 D-50924 Kln Germany 同济医科大学

众所周知,慢性髓性白血病(CML)在髓性增生性系统疾病中具有重要位置。这一方面是由于其好发率,其相对值约占髓性增生疾病的60％,在世界范围内成年人绝对发病数则为0.3×10～5～1.5×10～5人,相当于淋巴性恶性肿瘤(如慢性淋巴性白血病)... 详细信息

众所周知,慢性髓性白血病(CML)在髓性增生性系统疾病中具有重要位置。这一方面是由于其好发率,其相对值约占髓性增生疾病的60％,在世界范围内成年人绝对发病数则为0.3×10～5～1.5×10～5人,相当于淋巴性恶性肿瘤(如慢性淋巴性白血病)的发病数;另一方面显示CML不仅通过多潜能干细胞的克隆性转化,而且还有一种特异遗传标志的出现(phi-染色体,bcr-abl易位),首先酪氨酸激酶活性调节发生改变,

关键词：形态测量粒细胞白细胞骨髓增生异常骨髓纤维化髓性白血病巨核细胞生成免疫组化 CML 巨核母细胞髂嵴病理基础医学血液学显微解剖学解剖学组织学科隆研究所

Mutation Status of KrAS, BrAf, PIK3CA and Expression Level of ArEG and ErEG Identify responders to Cetuximab in a Large Panel of Patient derived Colorectal Carcinoma Xenografts of All four UICC Stages

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2013年第2期4卷 678-693页

作者： Paulina Pechanska M.Becker T.Mayr B.Hinzmann H.-P.Adams I.Klaman K.-H.Kretschmar K.Kretschmar K.Stecker r.Mantke r.Pauli J.Pertschy K.Hertel K.ridwelski K.Hellwig M.Pross C.radke I.fichtner J.Hoffmann A.rosenthal Signature Diagnostics AG PotsdamGermany Experimental Pharmacology&Oncology Berlin-Buch GmbH BerlinGermany Stadtisches Klinikum Brandenburg GmbH Klinik fur Allgemein-und ViszeralchirurgieInstitut fur PathologieBrandenburg an der HavelGermany Katholisches Krankenhaus St.Johann Nepomuk Klinik fur Allgemeine ChirurgieErfurtGermany HELIOS Klinikum Erfurt Institut fur PathologieErfurtGermany Klinikum Magdeburg Klinik für Allgemein-und ViszeralchirurgieInstitut fur PathologieMagdeburgGermany DrK Kliniken Berlin-Kopenik Klinik fur ChirurgieInstitut fur PathologieBerlinGermany Max Delbruck Center fur Molekulare Medizin(MDC) Experimentale PharmakologieBerlinGermany.

To advance preclinical testing of novel targeted drugs in colorectal cancer (CrC) we established a panel of 133 mouse xenograft models from fresh tumor specimens of 239 patients with CrC of all four UICC stages. A subgroup of 67 xenograft models was treated with cetuximab, bevacizumab and oxaliplatin as single agents. Mutation status of KrAS (G12, G13, A146T), BrAf (V600E) and PIK3CA (E542K, E545K, H1047r) was assessed in all xenografts by allelespecific real-time PCr. KrAS codon 61 was assessed by conventional sequencing. ArEG and ErEG expression levels were analyzed by real-time PCr expression assays. In the treatment experiment we observed response rates of 27% (18/67) for cetuximab, 3% (2/67) for bevacizumab, and 6% (4/67) for oxaliplatin. Classification based on KrAS, BrAf and PIK3CA mutation status identified 15 of the responders (sensitivity 83%, confidence interval at p = 0.05 (CI): 59% - 96%), and 38 nonresponders (specificity 78%, CI: 63% - 88%). If any mutation except in KrAS codon 13 were considered, the classifier reached sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 69%. We improved specificity of the classifiers to 90% and 86% respectively by adding ArEG and ErEG rNA expression thresholds retrospectively. In patient-derived xenograft models, we found a predictive classifier for response to cetuximab that is more accurate than established biomarkers. We confirmed its potential performance in primary human tumors. for patients, the classifier’s sensitivity promises increased response rates and its specificity limits unnecessary toxicity. Given the scope of our xenograft models across all UICC stages, this applies not only to mCrC but also to the adjuvant setting of earlier stages. The xenograft collection allows to mimic randomized phase II trials and to test novel drugs effectively as single agents or in combinations. It also enables the development of highly accurate companion diagnostics as demonstrated by us for cetuximab.

关键词： Colorectal Cancer Xenograft Mutation Biomarker Cetuximab