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The influence of pore characteristics on rock fragmentation mechanism by high-voltage electric pulse

Plasma Science and Technology 2023年第5期25卷 116-130页

作者：刘伟吉张有建祝效华罗云旭 School of Mechatronic Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500People’s Republic of China geothermal energy Research Center Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500People’s Republic of China

High-voltage electric pulse(HVEP)is an innovative low-energy and high-efficiency ***,the underlying physics of the electrical breakdown within the rock,and the coupling mechanism between the various physical fields involved in HVEP still need to be further *** this study,we establish a 2D numerical model of multi-physical field coupling of the electrical breakdown of porous rock with randomly distributed pores to investigate the effect of pore characteristics(porosity,pore media composition)on the partial electrical breakdown of rock(*** generation of a plasma channel inside the rock).Our findings indicate that the generation of a plasma channel is directionally selective and extends in the direction of a weak electrical breakdown *** the porosity of the rock increases,so does the intensity of the electric field in the‘electrical damage’region—the greater the porosity,the greater the effectiveness of *** the fraction of pore fluid(S_(water)/S_(air))gradually declines,the generation time of the plasma channel decreases,and the efficacy of rock-breaking by HVEP *** addition,in this study,we conducted an indoor experiment utilizing an electric pulse drill to break down the rock in order to recreate the growth mode of the plasma channel in the ***,the experimental results are consistent with the simulation *** addition,the development of this type of partial electrical breakdown is confirmed to be related to electrode polarity and pore characteristics via the experiment of the symmetrical needle-needle electrode arrangement,which further demonstrates the mechanism of partial electrical *** research is significant for comprehending the process of electric impulse rock-breaking and gives theoretical guidance and technological support for advancing electric impulse drilling technology.

关键词： high-voltage electric pulse pore characteristics electrical breakdown porous rock plasma channel electrical breakdown test

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A novel flow-resistor network model for characterizing enhanced geothermal system heat reservoir

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Frontiers in energy 2019年第1期13卷 99-106页

作者： Jian GUO Wenjiong CAO Yiwei WANG Fangming JIANG Laboratory of Advanced energy Systems of CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable energy and Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and DevelopmentGuangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion.Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Guangzhou 510640China

The fracture characteristics of a heat reservoir are of critical importance to enhanced geothennal systems,which can be investigated by theoretical *** paper presents the development of a novel *** network model to describe the hydraulic processes in heat *** fractures in the reservoir are simplified by using flow resistors and the typically complicated fracture network of the heat reservoir is converted into a flowresistor network with a reasonably simple *** heat reservoirs with various fracture configurations,the corresponding flow-resistor networks are identical in terms of framework though the networks may have difftrent section numbers and the flow resistors may have different *** this paper,numerous cases of different section numbers and resistor values are calculated and the results indicate that the total number of flow resistances between the injection and production wells is primarily determined by the number of fractures in the *** is also observed that a linear dependence of the total flow resistance on the number of fractures and the relation is obtained by the best fit of the calculation ***,it perfbmis a case study dealing with the Soultz enhanced geothermal system(EGS).In addition,the fracture numbers underneath specific well systems are *** results provide in sight on the tortuosity of the flow path betwee n different wells.

关键词： enhanced geothennal systems flow-resistor network model fracture characteristics heat reservoir

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Fluid-rock interaction experiments with andesite at 100℃ for potential carbon storage in geothermal reservoirs

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2024年第3期3卷 369-382页

作者： Grace E.Belshaw Elisabeth Steer Yukun Ji Herwin Azis Benyamin Sapiie Bagus Muljadi Veerle Vandeginste School of Chemistry University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Geoenergy Research Centre University of NottinghamNottinghamUK British Geological Survey KeyworthUK State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhouChina PT Supreme energy JakartaIndonesia Faculty of Earth Sciences and Technology Institut Teknologi BandungBandungIndonesia Faculty of Engineering University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Department of Materials Engineering KU LeuvenCampus BrugesBrugesBelgium

geothermal energy extraction often results in the release of naturally occurring carbon dioxide(CO_(2))as a *** on carbon storage using volcanic rock types other than basalt under both acidic and elevated temperature conditions has been limited so *** study uses batch reactor experiments at 100℃ to investigate the dissolution of andesite rock samples obtained from an active geothermal reservoir in Sumatra(Indonesia).The samples are subjected to reactions with neutral-pH fluids and acidic fluids,mimicking the geochemical responses upon reinjection of geothermal fluids,either without or with dissolved acidic gases,*** elemental analysis reveals the release of Ca^(2+)ions into the fluids through the dissolution of *** overall dissolution rate of the rock samples is 2.4×10^(–11)to 4.2×10^(–11)mol/(m^(2)·s),based on the Si release during the initial 7 h of the *** dissolution rates are about two orders of magnitude lower than those reported for basaltic rocks under similar reaction *** study offers valuable insights into the potential utilization of andesite reservoirs for effective CO_(2) storage via mineralization.

关键词： andesite carbon sequestration geothermal reservoirs plagioclase dissolution

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A numerical study of non-Darcy flow in EGS heat reservoirs during heat extraction

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Frontiers in energy 2019年第3期13卷 439-449页

作者： Wenjiong CAO Wenbo HUANG Guoling WEI Yunlong JIN Fangming JIANG Laboratory of Advanced energy Systems Guangdong Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and DevelopmentCAS Key Laboratory of Renewable EnergyGuangzhou Institute of Energy ConversionChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China Guangdong Hydrogeology Battalion Guangzhou 510510China

Underground non-Darcy fluid flow has been observed and investigated for decades in the petroleum industry. It is deduced by analogy that the fluid flow in enhanced geothermal system (EGS) heat reservoirs may also be in the non-Darcy regime under some conditions. In this paper, a transient 3D model was presented, taking into consideration the non-Darcy fluid flow in EGS heat reservoirs, to simulate the EGS long-term heat extraction process. Then, the non-Darcy flow behavior in water- and supercritical CO2 (SCCO2)-based EGSs was simulated and discussed. It is found that non-Darcy effects decrease the mass flow rate of the fluid injected and reduce the heat extraction rate of EGS as a flow resistance in addition to the Darcy resistance which is imposed to the seepage flow in EGS heat reservoirs. Compared with the water-EGS, the SCCO2-EGS are more prone to experiencing much stronger non-Darcy flow due to the much larger mobility of the SCCO2. The non-Darcy flow in SCCO2- EGSs may thus greatly reduce their heat extraction performance. Further, a criterion was analyzed and proposed to judge the onset of the non-Darcy flow in EGS heat reservoirs. The fluid flow rate and the initial thermal state of the reservoir were taken and the characteristic Forchheimer number of an EGS was calculated. If the calculated Forchheimer number is larger than 0.2, the fluid flow in EGS heat reservoirs experiences non-negligible non-Darcy flow characteristic.

关键词： enhanced geothermal system non-Darcy flow heat extraction Reynolds number Forchheimer number

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Seismic geothermal Resource Exploration based on CPU/GPU Collaborative Parallel Prestack Time Migration

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2022年第5期96卷 1742-1751页

作者： LONG Xiting LIU Fei XIE Heping LIN Wenjing LIU Yanguang LI Cunbao Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Deep Underground Engineering Sciences and Green energy Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and geothermal energy Exploitation and Utilization College of Civil and Transportation EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Sichuan University State Key Lab Hydraul&Mt River EngnChengdu 610065China Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesShijiazhuang 050061China Sichuan University MOE Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Science and EngineeringChengdu 610065China

geothermal resources exist in complex and comprehensive geological settings. In the current study, we proposed a CPU/GPU collaborative parallel prestack time migration methodology for geothermal resource exploration. First, seismic geological conditions in Xian County were obtained based on an analysis of drill cores for further seismic evaluation. Then,combined with the analysis of two-dimensional seismic data in the adjacent area, a test section with three seismic survey lines were designed to explore the geological structure of the study area. In the study area, the seismic data were derived through the multiple coverage reflection wave exploration method with explosive ignition in deep wells and high coverage frequency observations. Finally, we employed CPU/GPU collaborative parallel prestack time migration technology to analyze the obtained seismic data for geothermal resource evaluation. The favorable areas of karst fissure heat storage in Middle–Upper Proterozoic Jixianian and Paleozoic Cambrian–Ordovician rocks were inferred together with two preferred recommended exploration holes.

关键词： seismic explosive source geological structure geothermal

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Design and development of the deep-rock in-situ condition-preserved coring calibration platform

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2023年第11期33卷 1377-1395页

作者： Yihang Li Heping Xie Ru Zhang Zetian Zhang Zhilong Zhang Heng Gao Wei Huang Jixun Zhang Jiming Gao Xin Ma Ruibing Xu State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering College of Water Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and geothermal energy Exploitation and Utilization Institute of Deep Earth Sciences and Green EnergyCollege of Civil and Transportation EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Deep Underground Engineering Sciences and Green energy Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Mechanical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China Donghua Zhuoyue Technology Co. Ltd.Chengdu 611130China Special Equipment Safety Supervision Inspection Institute of Jiangsu Province Nanjing 210036China Inner Mongolia North Heavy Industries Group Co. Ltd.Baotou 014033China

To systematically validate and calibrate the theory and technology of the deep in-situ conditionpreserved coring, the in-situ conditions at different depths should be simulated, and the full-size coring tests should be carried out in this simulated environment. Therefore, a deep-rock in-situ conditionpreserved coring calibration platform was designed and developed. The self-tightening sealing structure and the quick-disassembly structure were designed on the basis of an innovative segmented nonuniformdiameter structure, which was a breakthrough from the traditional high-pressure vessel frame and was verified by finite element simulation and actual testing under extreme working conditions, *** simulate the actual deep in-situ environment with a temperature of 150℃ and pressure of 140 MPa for a large Φ450 mm×H1400 mm core, temperature and pressure control systems were designed by coupling, and a pre-embedded high-pressure-resistant temperature sensor was designed. Finally, highprecision assembly automation, complex movement coordination of the coring device with the platform,and rotary dynamic sealing were achieved by utilizing the combination of adaptive cabin body servo control and an adaptive mechanical structure in a limited space, laying a solid foundation for the calibration of in-situ condition-preserved coring.

关键词： In-situ condition-preserved coring calibration Deep Earth science Coring simulation Rotary dynamic seal

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A comparative study for determining rock joint normal stiffness with destructive uniaxial compression and nondestructive ultrasonic wave testing

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2023年第7期15卷 1700-1712页

作者： Zhenghu Zhang Jianbo Zhu Jianhui Deng School of Civil Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian116024China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Sciences and geothermal energy Exploitation and Utilization College of Civil and Transportation EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen518060China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resources and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

Rock joints are one of the vital discontinuities in a natural rock *** to accurately and conveniently determine joint normal stiffness is therefore significant in rock ***,first,seven existing methods for determining joint normal stiffness were introduced and reviewed,among which MethodⅠ(the indirect measurement method),MethodⅡ(the direct determination method),MethodⅢ(the across-joint strain gauge measurement method)and MethodⅣ(the deformation measuring ring method)are via destructive uniaxial compression testing,while MethodⅤ(the best fitting method),MethodⅥ(the rapid evaluation method)and MethodⅦ(the effective modulus method)are through wave propagation principles and nondestructive ultrasonic ***,laboratory tests of intact and jointed sandstone specimens were conducted following the testing requirements and pro-cedures of those seven methods.A comparison among those methods was then *** results show that Method I,*** benchmark method,is reliable and ***Ⅱhas a conceptual drawback,and its accuracy is acceptable at only very low stress *** errors in the results from MethodⅢare very *** MethodⅣ,the testing results are sufficiently accurate despite the strict testing environment and complicated testing *** results from MethodⅤare greatly unstable and significantly dependent on the natural frequency of the *** joint normal stiffness determined with MethodⅥis stable and accurate,although data processing is ***Ⅶcould be adopted to determine the joint normal stiffness corresponding to the rock elastic deformation phase ***,it is suggested that MethodsⅠ,ⅣandⅥshould be adopted for the mea-surement of joint normal *** findings could be helpful in selecting an appropriate method to determine joint normal stiffness and,hence,to better solve discontinuous rock mass problems.

关键词： Normal stiffness Rock joint Uniaxial compression Ultrasonic wave

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Development of a Long-Term Operational Optimization Model for a Building energy System Supplied by a geothermal Field

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第5期31卷 1293-1301页

作者： KÜMPEL Alexander STOFFEL Phillip MÜLLER Dirk RWTH Aachen University E.ON Energy Research CenterInstitute for Energy Efficient Buildings and Indoor ClimateAachen 52074Germany

In order to reduce energy consumption and CO_(2) emissions in the building sector, more and more renewable energy sources are integrated into energy systems. Especially geothermal fields combined with heat pumps are able to supply buildings with heat and cold at low carbon emissions. However, using geothermal fields as heat and cold source influences the ground temperature. Consequently, the ground temperature can change dramatically over a building’s lifetime, leading to less efficient operation of the energy system. Therefore, a sustainable operation is required to ensure the long-term efficiency of geothermal fields. In this paper, we develop an optimization model to derive operating strategies for an efficient long-term operation of a building energy system coupled to a geothermal field. The investigated energy system is the main building of the *** energy Research Center in Aachen, Germany, which includes a heat pump, two boilers, a combined heat, and power unit, a glycol cooler, and a geothermal field with 41 probes. For each component, we develop energy-based sub-models, which are connected to form the overall system. The geothermal field is modeled by using a g-functions approach as well as a simplified resistance-capacitance approach. To achieve short computing times and realize an optimization horizon of several years, the optimization problem is formulated as mixed-integer linear programming(MILP). The developed model is optimized regarding two different objectives: the minimization of energy costs and the minimization of long-term temperature changes in the ground. Conclusions for an efficient and sustainable operation of the field, especially for the cooling supply, can be derived from the optimization results. It is shown that a state of equilibrium should be aimed to achieve an energy-efficient operation, in which the temperature of the field is close to the initial ground temperature.

关键词： geothermal energy building energy systems operational optimization long-term operation

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Cloud-Based Optimal Control of Individual Borehole Heat Exchangers in a geothermal Field

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Journal of Thermal Science 2022年第5期31卷 1253-1265页

作者： STOFFEL Phillip KÜMPEL Alexander MÜLLER Dirk RWTH Aachen University E.ON Energy Research CenterInstitute for Energy Efficient Buildings and Indoor Climate52074 AachenGermany

Integrating renewable energy sources is a crucial component in reducing CO_(2) emissions in the building sector. In particular, shallow geothermal energy is expected to play a significant role in the regenerative energy supply of buildings. An effective control strategy for the geothermal field is crucial to reduce the overall energy consumption. This paper analyzes the benefits of controlling an existing field’s individual borehole heat exchangers(BHE) using nonlinear model predictive control(NMPC) and moving horizon estimation. The considered geothermal field consists of 41 BHEs and is used for heating and cooling. Each BHE is equipped with temperature sensors for in-and outflow and has individually controllable valves, while a central hydraulic pump feeds all BHEs. The sensor measurements are accessed through a cloud platform, enabling also set point writing for the pump speed and the valve positions. To control the BHEs individually, we propose a two-stage process. In the calibration stage, a moving horizon estimator estimates the actual borehole and ground temperatures for each BHE. In the second stage, first, a nonlinear model predictive controller optimizes the number of active BHEs necessary to meet the buildings’ energy demand. With the estimated ground temperatures as a basis, it is determined which BHEs shall be(de)-activated. The active BHEs are fed with a fixed volume flow of 24 L/min to ensure turbulent heat transfer. To reduce the power usage of the pumps, an optimal control problem based on a simple hydraulic model of the geothermal field is used. The methodology is analyzed through simulations first and then validated experimentally. The results show that half or more of the BHEs could be deactivated most of the time, leading to 67% savings in electricity consumption by the hydraulic pump. The experimental validation confirms the high energy saving potential of the proposed methodology, reducing the consumption of electrical energy by 71%. Additiona

关键词： geothermal energy moving horizon estimation model predictive control operation optimization optimal control

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CHINA IN KEY POSITION IN WORLD geothermal DEVELOPMENT

CHINA IN KEY POSITION IN WORLD GEOTHERMAL DEVELOPMENT

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李四光倡导中国地热能开发利用40周年纪念大会暨中国地热发展研讨会

作者： Ingvar B.Fridleifsson United Nations University geothermal Training Programme Orkustofnun

1 INTRODUCTION Amongst the top priorities for the majority of the world’s population is access to sufficient affordable *** is a very limited equity in the energy use in the different parts of the *** 70%of the world...

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