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Deformation characteristics of ultra-deep circular shaft in soft soil:A case study

Underground Space 2024年第3期16卷 239-260页

作者： Yafei Qiao Feng Xie Zhanwei Bai Jiafeng Lu Wenqi Ding Department of geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China engineering Project Management Company Shanghai Chengtou Water GroupShanghai 200002China SGIDI engineering Consulting(group)Co. Ltd.Shanghai 200093China

A circular shaft is often used to access a working well for deep underground space *** the depth of underground space increases,the excavation depth of the shaft *** this study,the deformation characteristics of a circular shaft with a depth of 56.3 m were presented and *** main monitoring contents included:(1)wall deflection;(2)vertical wall movement;(3)horizontal soil movement;(4)vertical surface movement;and(5)basal ***,the maximum wall deflection was only 7.7 *** with the wall deflection data collected for another 29 circular excavations,the ratio of maximum wall deflection to excavation depth of this shaft was smaller due to a smaller ratio of diameter to excavation *** wall deflection underwent two stages of deformation:the first stage was mainly circumferential compression caused by the mutual extrusion of joints between walls,and the second stage was typical vertical deflection *** horizontal soil movement outside the shaft was greater than the wall deflection and the deep soil caused great horizontal movement because of dewatering at confined water ***,a basal heave of 203.8 mm occurred in the pit centre near the ***,the shaft was uplifted over time and showed 3 stages of vertical *** surface outside the shaft exhibited settlement and uplift deformation at different locations due to different *** basal heave caused by excavation was the dominant factor,driving the vertical movement of the shaft as well as the surrounding *** correlation between the wall deflection and the surface settlement outside the shaft was weak.

关键词： Circular shaft Site monitoring Deflection Vertical deformation Soft soil

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Introduction to the first Jeme Tien Yow Lecture

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Underground Space 2024年第5期18卷 1-2页

作者： Hehua Zhu Department of geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The Jeme Tien Yow Lecture is in honor of *** Tien Yow(1861–1919),the pioneer of tunneling and underground space engineering in China and also renowned as the"Father of Modern Chinese engineering".The lecture is hosted and organized by the journal of Underground ***-Min Zhang will deliver the first Jeme Tien Yow Lecture on May 26th,2024,at RM101,College of Civil engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai,*** has submitted the corresponding research paper,coauthored with ***,for publication in the journal of Underground *** are delighted to see its publication together with this brief introduction.

关键词： journal underground Tie

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A modified smoothed particle hydrodynamics method considering residual stress for simulating failure and its application in layered rock mass

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 2091-2112页

作者： XIA Chengzhi SHI Zhenming KOU Huanjia Department of geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Residual strength is an indispensable factor in evaluating rock fracture,yet the current Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)framework rarely considers its influence when simulating *** improved cracking strategy considering residual stress in the base bond SPH method was proposed to simulate failures in layered rocks and slopes and verified by experimental results and other simulation methods(i.e.,the discrete element method).Modified Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion was applied to distinguish the mixed failure of tensile and *** fracture markψwas introduced to improve the kernel function after tensile damage,and the calculation of residual stress after the damage was derived after shear *** simulations were carried out to evaluate its performance under different stress and scale conditions and to verify its effectiveness in realistically reproducing crack initiation and propagation and coalescence,even fracture and *** results indicate that the improved cracking strategy precisely captures the fracture and failure pattern in layered rocks and rock *** residual stress of brittle tock is correctly captured by the improved SPH *** improved SPH method that considers residual strength shows an approximately 13%improvement in accuracy for the safety factor of anti-dip layered slopes compared to the method that does not consider residual strength,as validated against analytical *** infer that the improved SPH method is effective and shows promise for applications to continuous and discontinuous rock masses.

关键词： Smoothed particle hydrodynamics Cracking strategy Residual stress Layered rock Crack propagation

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Selection of digital fabrication technique in the construction industry--A multi-criteria decision-making approach

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil engineering 2024年第7期18卷 977-997页

作者： M.P.SALAIMANIMAGUDAM J.JAYAPRAKASH Department of Structural and geotechnical engineering School of Civil EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

Digital fabrication techniques,in recent decades,have provided the basis of a sustainable revolution in the construction ***,selecting the digital fabrication method in terms of manufacturability and functionality requirements is a complex *** paper presents alternatives and criteria for selection of digital fabrication techniques by adopting the multi-criteria decision-making *** alternatives considered in the study are concrete three-dimensional(3D)printing,shotcrete,smart dynamic casting,material intrusion,mesh molding,injection concrete 3D printing,and thin forming *** criteria include formwork utilization,reinforcement incorporation,geometrical complexity,material enhancement,assembly complexity,surface finish,and build *** demonstrates different multi-criteria decision-making techniques,with both subjective and objective weighting *** given ranking is based on the current condition of digital fabrication in the construction *** study reveals that in the selection of digital fabrication techniques,the criteria including reinforcement incorporation,build area,and geometrical complexity play a pivotal role,collectively accounting for nearly 70% of the overall *** the evaluated techniques,concrete 3D printing emerged as the best performer,however the shotcrete and mesh molding techniques in the second and third positions.

关键词： digital fabrication multicriteria decision-making concrete 3D printing

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Self-initiated static-dynamic state transition behavior and triggering mechanism of strain rockburst using three-dimensional discrete element method

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Underground Space 2024年第3期16卷 143-163页

作者： Yuan Qian Cheng Zhao Rui Wei Rui Zhang Lin Huang Huiguan Chen Department of geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of engineering Tibet UniversityLhasaTibet850000China

The accurate understanding of rockburst mechanism poses a global challenge in the field of rock *** for strain rockburst,achieving self-initiated static-dynamic state transition is a crucial step in the formation of catastrophic ***,the state transition behavior and its impact on rockburst have not received sufficient attention,and are still poorly ***,this study specifically focuses on the state transition behavior,aiming to investigate its abrupt transition process and formation mechanism,and triggering effects on *** facilitate the study,a novel burst rock-surrounding rock combined laboratory test model is proposed and its effectiveness is validated through experiment ***,corresponding numerical models are established using the three-dimensional(3D)discrete element method(DEM),enabling successful simulation of static brittle failure and rockbursts of varying intensities under quasi-static displacement loading ***,through secondary development,comprehensive recording of the mechanical and energy information pertaining to the combined specimen system and its subsystems is *** a result of numerical investigation studies,the elastic rebound dynamic behavior of the surrounding rock was discovered and identified as the key factor triggering rockburst and controlling its *** impact loading on the burst rock,induced by elastic rebound,directly initiates the dynamic processes of rockburst,serving as the direct ***,the transient work and energy convergence towards the burst rock resulting from elastic rebound are recognized as the inherent cause of ***,it has been observed that a larger extent of surrounding rock leads to a stronger elastic rebound,thereby directly contributing to a more intense *** findings can provide novel theoretical insights for the exploring of rockburst mechanism and the development of monitoring and

关键词： Strain rockburst Static-dynamic state transition Self-initiation Triggering mechanism Elastic rebound Discrete element method

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Predicting the strut forces of the steel supporting structure of deep excavation considering various factors by machine learning methods

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Underground Space 2024年第5期18卷 114-129页

作者： Haibo Hu Xunjian Hu Xiaonan Gong Research Center of Coastal and Urban geotechnical engineering Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

The application of steel strut force servo systems in deep excavation engineering is not widespread,and there is a notable scarcity of in-situ measured *** presents a significant research gap in the *** this,our study introduces a valuable dataset and application scenarios,serving as a reference point for future *** main objective of this study is to use machine learning(ML)methods for accurately predicting strut forces in steel supporting structures,a crucial aspect for the safety and stability of deep excavation *** employed five different ML methods:radial basis function neural network(RBFNN),back propagation neural network(BPNN),K-Nearest Neighbor(KNN),support vector machine(SVM),and random forest(RF),utilizing a dataset of 2208 measured *** points included one output parameter(strut forces)and seven input parameters(vertical position of strut,plane position of strut,time,temperature,unit weight,cohesion,and internal frictional angle).The effectiveness of these methods was assessed using root mean square error(RMSE),correlation coefficient(R),and mean absolute error(MAE).Our findings indicate that the BPNN method outperforms others,with RMSE,R,and MAE values of 72.1 kN,0.9931,and 57.4 kN,respectively,on the testing *** study underscores the potential of ML methods in precisely predicting strut forces in deep excavation engineering,contributing to enhanced safety measures and project planning.

关键词： Deep excavation Steel supporting structure Strut forces Machine learning Time Temperature

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Book Review

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Underground Space 2024年第6期 4-5页

作者： Dongming Zhang Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Department of geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Uncertainty,Modeling,and Decision Making in Geotechnics Edited by Kok-Kwang Phoon,Takayuki Shuku,and Jianye Ching,CRC Press,ISBN:978-1-032-36750-7,https://***/10.1201/9781003333586 The pervasive challenge of inherent uncertainty stands as one of the most widely acknowledged hurdles in geotechnical and rock *** of failures in geotechnics are frequently reported worldwide,often stemming from unpredictable ground properties during design,inadequate quality control measures,or erroneous decision-making processes.

关键词： engineering. measures rock

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Centrifuge study on behavior of raft foundation after tunnelling in soft clay

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Underground Space 2024年第4期17卷 161-169页

作者： Jian Yu Jiaming Liu Chun Fai Leung Maosong Huang Qi Wen Jorgin Tan Department of geotechnical engineering Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of EducationTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Centre for Offshore Research and engineering Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringNational University of Singapore119077Singapore Land Transport Authority 219428Singapore

Ground losses due to tunneling would induce settlement of nearby raft *** study the change in behavior of the raft foundations over time due to tunnel excavation in soft clay,a series of centrifuge model tests were *** results reveal that the raft stiffness has a significant influence on the development of the gap between the raft and the *** width of the gap beneath the flexible foundation would increase over time,leading to a further increase in tensile strain after excavation,whereas the gap for raft foundations with a large stiffness would reduce with time,causing a gradual decrease in tensile *** modification factor(MF)design approach is also evaluated with the test results and demonstrates that the MF design approach would underestimate the tensile strain of the flexible raft and provide a relatively conservative prediction for larger stiffnesses.

关键词： Tunnelling Raft Clay Deflection ratio Centrifuge test

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Time-dependent longitudinal responses of a shield tunnel induced by surcharge load:Theoretical prediction and analysis

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Underground Space 2024年第1期14卷 219-238页

作者： Fayun Liang Zhuwei Jiang Qiang Yuan Lin Li Rulu Wang Department of geotechnical engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Highway Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China Shanghai Shentong Metro group Limited Maintenance Center Shanghai 20070China

The surcharge load at the ground surface inevitably breaks the original equilibrium state between the underneath tunnel and the surrounding soil,which will impact the service performance of a subway *** paper presents a novel semi-analytical approach for assessing the time-dependent,longitudinal responses of a subway tunnel in soft soil strata induced by the surcharge *** solution is developed based on the framework of the classical"two-stage method"but innovatively incorporates the effects of ground stratification,the consolidation process,and the longitudinal stiffness reduction of the ***’s poroelastic theory in conjunction with the Laplace-Fourier transform technique is selected to model the deformation of the stratified ground,while the Timoshenko beam on a Pasternak foundation is employed to model the mechanical responses of the *** proposed semi-analytical solution is validated not only by comparison with benchmark solutions and a finite element model,but also by predicting a well-documented field *** analyses are conducted to investigate the effects of the elastic modulus and the permeability coefficient of the stratified ground on the longitudinal responses of the *** is expected that the proposed solution can serve as a useful tool for evaluating the effects of the surcharge load on the longitudinal responses of a subway tunnel.

关键词： Time-dependent Longitudinal responses Stratified ground Subway tunnels Ground surface surcharge Consolidation

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Model-based offline reinforcement learning framework for optimizing tunnel boring machine operation

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Underground Space 2024年第6期19卷 47-71页

作者： Yupeng Cao Wei Luo Yadong Xue Weiren Lin Feng Zhang Department of Urban Management Kyoto UniversityKyoto 615-8540Japan Department of geotechnical engineering College of Civil EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of geotechnical and Underground engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

Research on automation and intelligent operation of tunnel boring machine(TBM)is receiving more and more attention,benefiting from the increasing construction ***,most studies on TBM operations optimization were trained by the labels of human drivers’decisions,which were subjective and *** a result,the control parameters suggested by these models could hardly surpass the performance of a human driver,even the possibility of subjective incorrect *** that the geomechanical feedback to TBM under drivers’actions is objective,in this paper,a transformer-based model called the geological response for tunnel boring machine(GRTBM),is proposed to learn the relationship between operation-adjust and TBM monitoring ***,with the model-based offline reinforcement learning,this paper provided a novel approach to optimizing the TBM excavation *** decision processes,recorded in the Yin-song TBM project for a waterway tunnel in Jilin Province of China,were used for the validation of the *** adopting an implicit perception of geological conditions in the GRTBM model,the suggested method achieved the desired state within a single action,greatly outperformed the practical adjustments where 500 s were taken,revealing the fact that the proposed model has the potential to surpass the capability of human beings.

关键词： TBM Reinforcement learning Transformer Data mining

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