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Multi-scale analysis of carbon mineralization in lime-treated soils considering soil mineralogy

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2296-2309页

作者： Dhanalakshmi Padmaraj Chinchu Cherian Dali Naidu Arnepalli Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai600036India University of Northern British Columbia Prince GeorgeBCV2N4Z9Canada

Mineral carbonation is emerging as a reliable CO_(2) capture technology that can mitigate climate *** lime-treated clayey soils,mineral carbonation occurs through the carbonation of free lime and cementitious products derived from pozzolanic *** kinetics of the reactions in lime-treated clayey soils are variable and depend primarily on soil *** present study demonstrates the role of soil mineralogy in CO_(2) capture and the subsequent changes caused by carbon mineralization in terms of the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of lime-treated soils during their service *** clayey soils(kaolin,bentonite,and silty clay)with different mineralogical characteristics were treated with 4%lime content,and the samples were cured in a controlled environment for 7 d,90 d,180 d,and 365 *** the specified curing periods,the samples were exposed to CO_(2) in a carbonation cell for 7 *** non-carbonated samples purged with N2 gas were used as a benchmark to compare the mechanical,chemical-mineralogical,and microstructure changes caused by carbonation *** investigations indicated that exposure to CO_(2) resulted in an average increase of 10%in the UCS of limetreated bentonite,whereas the strength of lime-treated kaolin and silty clay was reduced by an average of 35%.The chemical and microstructural analyses revealed that the precipitated carbonates effectively filled the macropores of the treated bentonite,compared to the inadequate cementation caused by pozzolanic reactions,resulting in strength *** contrast,strength loss in lime-treated kaolin and silty clay was attributed to the carbonation of cementitious phases and partly to the tensile stress induced by carbonate *** terms of carbon mineralization prospects,lime-treated kaolin exhibited maximum carbonation due to the higher availability of unreacted *** results suggest that,in addition to the increase in compressive strength,adequate calcium-b

关键词： Clays Mineralogy Carbon capture Lime Strength Pore structure

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Approach to traumatic cardiac arrest in the emergency department: a narrative literature review for emergency providers

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 3-9页

作者： Rashed Alremeithi Quincy K.Tran Megan T.Quintana Soroush Shahamatdar Ali Pourmand Department of Emergency Medicine George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashington DC 20037USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Program in Trauma the R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Center for Trauma and Critical Care Department of Surgerythe George Washington University School of Medicine&Health SciencesWashington DC 20037USA

BACKGROUND:Traumatic cardiac arrest(TCA)is a major contributor to mortality and morbidity in all age groups and poses a significant burden on the healthcare *** there have been advances in treatment modalities,survival rates for TCA patients remain *** narrative literature review critically examines the indications and eff ectiveness of current therapeutic approaches in treating ***:We performed a literature search in the PubMed and Scopus databases for studies published before December 31,*** search was refi ned by combining search terms,examining relevant study references,and restricting publications to the English *** the search,943 articles were retrieved,and two independent reviewers conducted a screening ***:A review of various studies on pre-and intra-arrest prognostic factors showed that survival rates were higher when patients had an initial shockable *** were conflicting results regarding other prognostic factors,such as witnessed arrest,bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR),and the use of prehospital or in-hospital *** thoracotomy was found to result in more favorable outcomes in cases of penetrating trauma than in those with blunt *** endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta(REBOA)provides an advantage to emergency thoracotomy in terms of occupational safety for the operator as an alternative in managing hemorrhagic *** implemented in the setting of aortic occlusion,emergency thoracotomy and REBOA resulted in comparable mortality ***-venous extracorporeal life support(v-v ECLS)and veno-arterial extracorporeal life support(v-A ECLS)are viable options for treating respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock,*** the context of traumatic injuries,v-v ECLS has been associated with higher rates of survival to discharge than v-A ***:TCA remains a signifi cant challenge for emergency medical services due to its high m

关键词： Traumatic cardiac arrest Emergency thoracotomy Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta

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Ambispective epidemiological observational study of varicella-zoster virus infection: An 18 year-single-center Bulgarian experience

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World Journal of virology 2024年第3期13卷 82-88页

作者： Hristiana M Batselova Tsvetelina v velikova Department of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine Medical UniversityPlovdivUniversity Hospital“St George”Plovdiv 4000Bulgaria Medical Faculty Sofia University St.Kliment OhridskiSofia 1407Bulgaria

BACKGROUND varicella(chickenpox)and herpes zoster(shingles)are outcomes of varicella-zoster virus(vZv)infection,and understanding their incidence trends is vital for public health *** To conduct an ambispective epidemiological study by analyzing the main epidemiological characteristics of vZv infection during an 18 year-period(2000-2018).METHODS We used descriptive and epidemiological methods to characterize chickenpox in Bulgaria,the city of Plovdiv and the region for a period of 18 years(2000-2018).RESULTS The average incidence of varicella-zoster infection for the period 2000–2018 in the Plovdiv region was estimated at 449.58‰.The highest relative share of the infection was assessed in the month of January at 13.6%,and the lowest in the months of August and September at 2.9%(both months).The age group most affected by the infection was 1-4 years,followed by 5-9 *** corresponds to the so-called"pro-epidemic population"-a phenomenon typical for airborne infections,confirming their mass impact on the perpetuation of vZv *** Our findings reveal significant insights into vZv epidemiology,including age-specific incidence rates,clinical manifestations,and vaccination *** comprehensive analysis contributes to the broader understanding of vZv infec-tion dynamics and may inform evidence-based preventive measures.

关键词： varicella-zoster virus Epidemiology Incidence trends Chickenpox Shingles Public health Pro-epidemic population Age-specific incidence Clinical manifestations vaccination impact

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PROGRESS IN STUDIES ON ICE ACCUMULATION IN RIvER BENDS

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2011年第6期23卷 737-744页

作者： WANG Jun CHEN Pang-pang SUI Jue-yi School of Civil Engineering Hefei University of Technology Heifei 230029 China Environmental Engineering Program University of Northern British Columbia Prince George British ColumbiaCanada V2N 4V9

River ice is an important hydraulic element in temperate and polar environments and would affect hydrodynamic conditions of rivers through changes both in the boundary conditions and the thermal regime. The river bend has been reported as the common location for the initiation of ice jams because the water flow along a river bend is markedly affected by the channel curvature. In this article, the experimental studies about the ice accumulation in a river bend are reviewed. Based on experiments conducted so far, the criteria for the formation of ice jams in the river bend, the mechanisms of the ice accumulation in the river bend and the thickness profile of the ice accumulation in the river bend are discussed. The two-equation turbulence model is used to simulate the ice accumulation under an ice cover along a river bend. A formula is proposed for describing the deformation of the ice jam bottom. Our results indicate that all simulated thickness of the ice accumulation agrees reasonably well with the measured thickness of the ice accumulation in the laboratory.

关键词： experiment ice jam/accumulation bend channel thickness profile

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Review of the pharmacological management of hepatitis B viral infection before and after liver transplantation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第48期19卷 9189-9197页

作者： Evangelos Cholongitas george v papatheodoridis Department of Internal Medicine Medical School of Aristotle University Hippokration General Hospital of Thessaloniki 54642 Thessaloniki Greece george v papatheodoridis Department of GastroenterologyAthens University Medical School Laiko General Hospital of Athens 11527 Athens Greece

The progress in treatment against hepatitis B virus(HBv)with the development of effective and well tolerated nucleotide analogues(NAs)has improved the outcome of patients with HBv decompensated cirrhosis and has prevented post-transplant HBv *** review summarizes updated issues related to the management of patients with HBv infection before and after liver transplantation(LT).A literature search using the PubMed/Medline databases and consensus documents was ***-transplant therapy has been initially based on lamivudine,but entecavir and tenofovir represent the currently recommended first-line NAs for the treatment of patients with HBv decompensated *** LT,the combination of HBv immunoglobulin(HBIG)and NA is considered as the standard of care for prophylaxis against HBv *** combination of HBIG and lamivudine is related to higher rates of HBv recurrence,compared to the HBIG and entecavir or tenofovir *** HBIG-free prophylactic regimens,entecavir and tenofovir should be the first-line *** choice of treatment for HBv recurrence depends on prior prophylactic therapy,but entecavir and tenofovir seem to be the most attractive ***,liver grafts from hepatitis B core antibody(anti-HBc)positive donors can be safely used in hepatitis B surface antigen negative,preferentially anti-HBc/anti-hepatitis B surface antibody positive recipients.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Liver transplantation Hepatitis B virus immunoglobulin Antivirals Lamivudine Adefovir Entecavir Tenofovir Telbivudine Resistance

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利用探针跳跃式扫描离子电导显微镜技术揭示结直肠癌单细胞层面对H_(2)O_(2)良性应激的动态响应

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Science Bulletin 2024年第12期69卷 1909-1919页

作者：王东 Emily Woodcock 杨羲 Hiromi Nishikawa Elena v.Sviderskaya Masanobu Oshima Christopher Edwards 张彦军 Yuri Korchev WPI Nano Life Science Institute(WPI-Nano LSI) Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa 920-1192Japan Department of Medicine Imperial College LondonLondon W120NNUnited Kingdom Cell Biology Research Centre Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research InstituteSt George’sUniversity of LondonLondon SW170REUnited Kingdom

Colorectal cancer(CRC),a widespread malignancy,is closely associated with tumor microenvironmental hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))*** clinical trials targeting H_(2)O_(2)for cancer treatment have revealed its paradoxical role as a promoter of cancer *** the dynamics of cancer cell H_(2)O_(2)eustress at the single–cell level is *** this study,non–contact hopping probe mode scanning ion conductance microscopy(HPICM)with high-sensitive Pt–functionalized nanoelectrodes was employed to measure dynamic extracellular to intracellular H_(2)O_(2)gradients in individual colorectal cancer Caco–*** explored the relationship between cellular mechanical properties and H_(2)O_(2)*** to 0.1 or 1 mmol/L H_(2)O_(2)eustress increased the extracellular to intracellular H_(2)O_(2)gradient from 0.3 to 1.91 or 3.04,***,cellular F–actin–dependent stiffness increased at 0.1 mmol/L but decreased at 1 mmol/L H_(2)O_(2)*** H_(2)O_(2)–induced stiffness modulated AKT activation positively and glutathione peroxidase 2(GPX2)expression *** findings unveil the failure of some H_(2)O_(2)-targeted therapies due to their ineffectiveness in generating H_(2)O_(2),which instead acts eustress to promote cancer cell *** research also reveals the complex interplay between physical properties and biochemical signaling in cancer cells'antioxidant defense,illuminating the exploitation of H_(2)O_(2)eustress for survival at the single–cell *** GPX and/or catalase(CAT)enhances the cytotoxic activity of H_(2)O_(2)eustress against CRC cells,which holds significant promise for developing innovative therapies targeting cancer and other H_(2)O_(2)-related inflammatory diseases.

关键词： SPM Nanoprobe Nanobiology SECM ROS Stiffness

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IMPACTS OF DIMENSION AND SLOPE OF SUBMERGED SPUR DIKES ON LOCAL SCOUR PROCESSES-AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2006年第2期21卷 89-100页

作者： Ronald W.THRING Environmental Science and Engineering University of Northern British Columbia Prince george BC Canada v2N 4Z9 Prof.

In this experimental study, the impacts of the slope of the upstream face of submerged spur dikes on scour patterns in the vicinity of the submerged spur dike have been investigated. Associated hydraulic parameters for scour initiation have been studied. The dependence of the criteria for scour initiation and scour patterns on the dike dimensions such as the dike length and height has been assessed. It is found that the maximum depth of a scour hole is localized upstream of the spur dike end. The location of the maximum scouring depth, the end of the spur dike, and the spot with the maximum deposition are nearly aligned and form a line approximately parallel to the flume wall. Results show that the proper selection of a sloped upstream face of the spur dike can significantly reduce the maximum scour depth and scour volume in the vicinity of the submerged spur dike. Equations have been established to describe the dependence of the criteria for scour initiation and the maximum depth of the scour hole on the Froude number of the flow, the blockage of the cross section by the spur dikes, the slope of upstream face of the spur dike, and the grain size of the bed material.

关键词： Spur dike dimensions Froude number Local scour Scour depth Slope of upstream face (SUF) of spur dike Submerged spur dike

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Influence of Aspect Ratio on Rolling Shear Properties of Fast-Grown Small Diameter Eucalyptus Lumber

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第9期8卷 1053-1066页

作者： Tao Gui Shichen Cai Zhiqiang Wang Jianhui Zhou College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Integrated Wood Engineering University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince GeorgeV2L 1R7Canada

Eucalyptus is a major fast-grown species in South China,which has the potential for producing structural wood products such as cross-laminated timber(CLT).Aspect ratio(board width *** thickness)of eucalyptus lumbers is small due to the small diameter of fast-grown eucalyptus *** evaluate its rolling shear modulus and strength for potential CLT applications,three-layer hybrid CLT shear block specimens with different aspect ratios(2,4,6),were tested by planar shear test *** image correlation(DIC)was employed to measure the rolling shear strain distribution and development during the planar shear *** mean values of rolling shear modulus and strength of eucalyptus lamination were 260.3%and 88.2%higher than those of SPF(Spruce-pine-fir)lamination with the same aspect ratio of 4,*** rolling shear properties of eucalyptus laminations increased as the aspect ratio *** ratio had a significant influence on rolling shear modulus compared to rolling shear *** high shear strain regions were primarily found around the gaps between segments of cross *** quantity of high shear strain regions increased as the aspect ratio of lamination *** high shear strain regions also occurred around the pith and along the glue *** sudden failure of specimen occurred in the high strain *** conclusion,the rolling shear strength and modulus of fast-grown eucalyptus laminations exceed the respective characteristic values for softwoods in the current standard by roughly factors of 3 and 8,indicating great potential for fast-grown eucalyptus wood cross-layers in CLT.

关键词： Fast-grown eucalyptus cross-laminated timber rolling shear aspect ratio digital image correlation

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Can plasticity make spatial structure irrelevant in individual-tree models?

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Forestry Studies in China 2014年第3期16卷 134-146页

作者： Oscar Garcia University of Northern British Columbia 3333 University WayV2N 4Z9 Prince GeorgeBCCanada

Background： Distance-dependent individual-tree models have commonly been found to add little predictive power to that of distance-independent ones. One possible reason is plasticity, the ability of trees to lean and to alter crown and root development to better occupy available growing space. Being able to redeploy foliage （and roots） into canopy gaps and less contested areas can diminish the importance of stem ground locations. Methods： Plasticity was simulated for 3 intensively measured forest stands, to see to what extent and under what conditions the allocation of resources （e.g., light） to the individual trees depended on their ground coordinates. The data came from 50 x 60 m stem-mapped plots in natural monospecific stands of jack pine, trembling aspen and black spruce from central Canada. Explicit perfect-plasticity equations were derived for tessellation-type models. Results： Qualitatively similar simulation results were obtained under a variety of modelling assumptions. The effects of plasticity varied somewhat with stand uniformity and with assumed plasticity limits and other factors. Stand-level implications for canopy depth, distribution modelling and total productivity were examined. Conclusions： Generally, under what seem like conservative maximum plasticity constraints, spatial structure accounted for less than 10% of the variance in resource allocation. The perfect-plasticity equations approximated well the simulation results from tessellation models, but not those from models with less extreme competition asymmetry Whole-stand perfect plasticity approximations seem an attractive alternative to individual-tree models.

关键词： Growth and yield Competition Perfect plasticity approximation (PPA) siplab

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Evaluation of the Out-of-Plane Shear Properties of Cross-Laminated Timber

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2019年第10期7卷 957-965页

作者： Yin Yang Xiaoyan Cao Zhiqiang Wang Zhijun Liang Jianhui Zhou School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Integrated Wood Engineering University of Northern British ColumbiaPrince GeorgeV2L 1R7Canada.

The out-of-plane shear properties of cross-laminated timber(CLT)substantially influence the overall mechanical properties of *** testing methods and theories related to these properties have recently been *** effects of the number of layers(three and five layers)and testing method(short-span three-and four-point bending tests)on the out-of-plane shear properties of CLT were *** out-of-plane shear strength values were calculated based on different theories for *** failure mode in the short-span four-point bending(FPB)method was mainly the rolling shear(RS)failure in the cross layers,indicating that the FPB method was appropriate to evaluate the RS strength of *** out-of-plane shear capacity obtained using the three-point bending(TPB)method was higher than that tested by the FPB *** testing methods significantly influenced the out-of-plane shear capacity of the three-layer specimens but not that of the five-layer *** an increase in the number of layers,the out-of-plane shear strength of the specimens decreased by 24%.A linear correlation was found among the shear strength values obtained from different theories.

关键词： Cross-laminated timber out-of-plane shear properties testing methods failure modes

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