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Estimating the average treatment effect of adopting stress tolerant variety on rice yield in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第4期17卷 940-948页

作者： ZHOU Jie-hong TANG Li-qun Xiaohua Yu Center for Agricultural and Rural Development Zhejiang University Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development University of Goettingen

Climate extremes, characterized by droughts and floods, have become one of the major constraints to sustainable improvement of rice productivity. Variety choice, considered as one of the main adaptation measures, could help farmers reduce yield loss resulting from these extremes. Based on a three-year panel survey of 1 080 Chinese rice farms in major rice producing provinces, we assume Hicksian neutral technology and employ an IV regression to estimate the average treatment effect(ATE) on rice yield for adopting stress tolerant variety, and find that farmers who adopted the stress tolerant variety on average increased rice yield by 15.5% in comparison to the non-adopters.

关键词： climate extremes rice stress tolerant variety yield ATE endogeneity

Effects of 50 Percent Substitution of Soybean Meal by Alternative Proteins from <i>Hermetia illucens</i>or Spirulina platensis in Meat-Type Chicken Diets with Graded Amino Acid Supply

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2018年第2期8卷 119-136页

作者： Susanne Velten Carmen Neumann Martina Bleyer Eva Gruber-Dujardin Maria Hanuszewska Barbara Przybylska-Gornowicz Frank Liebert Department of Animal Sciences Division Animal Nutrition Physiology Georg-August-University of Goettingen Goettingen Germany German Primate Center GmbH Pathology Unit Goettingen Germany Department of Poultry Science University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland Department of Histology and Embryology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Olsztyn Poland

Alternative protein sources, such as insects or algae meals are in special focus of animal nutrition in order to replace soybean meal (SBM). As part of the multidisciplinary project “sustainability transitions” this study evaluated effects of replacing SBM by partly defatted larvae meal from the black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens or meal from the micro algae Spirulina platensis in broiler diets. The aim of the current study was to investigate the chickens’ growth performance and the intestinal morphology as well as the health status. 288 one-day-old male growing chickens (Ross 308) from a commercial hatchery were randomly allotted to 48 pens (6 birds per pen) for the growth study with five diets and feed supply on free choice level. The control diet was based on wheat, corn and SBM. The experimental diets replaced 50% of SBM by the alternative proteins under study, both on a basic level of amino acid (AA) supplementation (Lys and Met added equal to the control diet) (diet HM and SM) and an extended level of AA fortification (Lys, Met, Thr, Arg, Val added) (diet HM+ and SM+). Response of chickens was evaluated by zoo-technical parameters, which were under weekly control (e.g. growth, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality). After finishing the growth study birds from control and the experimental diets at the basic level of AA supplementation were slaughtered after 12 hour fastening and utilized for gut morphometric analysis and histological evaluation of the health status. Diets at a basic level of AA fortification led to significant depression of growth, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and protein conversion ratio, respectively. In addition, the acceptance of the Spirulina diet was lower (p ≤ 0.001) as compared to the Hermetia based diet. However, the extended level of AA supplementation improved all parameters significantly. Diets without extended AA supply altered some morphological parameters of the intestinal wall, but the nutritional significance o

关键词： Growing Chickens Feed Growth Performance Histology Morphometry Spirulina platensis Hermetia illucens

A systematic review: How to choose appropriate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures in routine general practice?

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Journal of Zhejiang university-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第9期6卷 936-940页

作者：陈天辉李鲁 KOCHEN Michael M Institute of Social and Family Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310006 China Department of General Practice Goettingen University Goettingen 37073 Germany

In more recent times, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurements have formed an important part of as- sessing the quality of routine care in general practice. For a measure to have clinical usefulness it must not only be valid, appro- priate, reliable, responsive, and capable of being interpreted, but it must also be simple, fast to complete, easy to score, and provide useful clinical data. The Two-step method of choosing appropriate measures is introduced. Then through comparison of generic instruments with disease-specific instruments, we can conclude that sometimes a combination of generic and disease-specific HRQOL measures may be more appropriate for monitoring changes in a patient’s health status due to an intervention.

关键词： Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) Generic Disease-specific Measure General practice

Punctuated ancestral gene gains in streptophyte evolution

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Molecular Plant 2022年第5期15卷 799-801页

作者： Iker Irisarri Jan de Vries university of goettingen Institute for Microbiology and GeneticsDepartment of Applied BioinformaticsGoldschmidtstr.137077 GöttingenGermany Campus Institute Data Science(CIDAS) GöttingenGermany university of goettingen Goettingen Center for Molecular Biosciences(GZMB)Department of Applied BioinformaticsGoldschmidtstr.137077

Understanding the genomic substrate behind evolutionary change is a major endeavor in biology,shedding light on impor-tant aspects of the evolutionary history as well as unraveling the mechanisms of genome *** of the ... 详细信息

关键词： evolution evolution evolutionary

Technological Options to Ameliorate Waste Treatment of Intensive Pig Production in China:An Analysis Based on Bio-Economic Model

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第2期13卷 443-454页

作者： LU Wen-cong MA Yong-xi Holger Bergmann China Academy of Rural Development Zhejiang University School of Economics and Management Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development University of Goettingen

Ameliorating waste treatment by technological improvements affects the economic and the ecological-environment benefits of intensive pig production. The objective of the research was to develop and test a method to determine the technical optimization to ameliorate waste treatment methods and gain insight into the relationship between technological options and the economic and ecological effects. We developed an integrated bio-economic model which incorporates the farming production and waste disposal systems to simulate the impact of technological improvements in pig manure treatment on economic and environmental benefits for the case of a pilot farm in Beijing, China. Based on different waste treatment technology options, three scenarios are applied for the simulation analysis of the model. The simulation results reveal that the economic-environmental benefits of the livestock farm could be improved by reducing the cropland manure application and increasing the composting production with the current technologies. Nevertheless, the technical efficiency, the waste treatment capacity and the economic benefits could be further improved by the introduction of new technologies. It implies that technological and economic support policies should be implemented comprehensively on waste disposal and resource utilization to promote sustainable development in intensive livestock production in China.

关键词： technological options waste treatment pig production bio-economic model economic-environmental effects

Identification and characterization of a novel bipartite nuclear localization signal in the hepatitis B virus polymerase

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第44期19卷 8000-8010页

作者： Joachim Lupberger Stephanie Schaedler Alexander Peiran Eberhard Hildt Department of Medicine Ⅱ University of Freiburg D-79106 Freiburg Germany Inserm U748 Strasbourg France Division of Virology University Goettingen37073 Goettingen Germany Division of Virology Paul-Ehrlich-InstituteD-63325 Langen Germany

AIM: To characterize the nuclear import of hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase (P) and its relevance for the viral life cycle.METHODS: Sequence analysis was performed to predict functional motives within P. Phosphorylation of P was analyzed by in vitro phosphorylation. Phosphorylation site and nuclear localization signal (NLS) were destroyed by site directed mutagenesis. Functionality of the identified NLS was analyzed by confocal fluorescence microscopy and characterizing the karyopherin binding. Relevance of the structural motives for viral life cycle was studied by infection of primary Tupaia hepatocytes with HBV.RESULTS: We identified by sequence alignment and functional experiments a conserved bipartite NLS containing a casein kinase II (CKII) phosphorylation site located within the terminal protein domain (TP) of the HBV polymerase. Inhibition of CKII impairs the functionality of this NLS and thereby prevents the nuclear import of the polymerase. Binding of the import factor karyopherin-α2 to the polymerase depends on its CKII-mediated phosphorylation of the bipartite NLS. In HBV-infected primary Tupaia hepatocytes CKII inhibition in the early phase (post entry phase) of the infection process prevents the establishment of the infection.CONCLUSION: Based on these data it is suggested that during HBV infection the final import of the genome complex into the nucleus is mediated by a novel bipartite NLS localized in the TP domain of HBV polymerase.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Nuclear localization signal Casein kinase II Trafficking Replication

Uncertainty analysis of hydrological modeling in a tropicalarea using different algorithms

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第4期12卷 661-671页

作者： Ammar RAFIEI EMAM Martin KAPPAS Steven FASSNACHT Nguyen Hoang Khanh LINH Department of Cartography GIS and Remote SensingUniversity of Goettingen37077GoettingenGermany Colorado State university Fort CollinsCO 80523-1476USA Faculty of Land Resources and Agricultural Environment (FLRAE) Flue University of Agriculture and Forestry (F1UAF)Hue UniversityHue City 0084Vietnam

Hydrological modeling outputs are subject to uncertainty resulting from different sources of errors (e.g., error in input data, model structure, and model parameters), making quantification of uncertainty in hydrological modeling imperative and meant to improve reliability of modeling results. The uncertainty analysis must solve difficulties in calibration of hydrological models, which further increase in areas with data scarcity. The purpose of this study is to apply four uncertainty analysis algorithms to a semi-distributed hydrological model, quantifying different source of uncertainties (especially parameter uncertainty) and evaluate their performance. In this study, the Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) eco-hydrological model was implemented for the watershed in the center of Vietnam. The sensitivity of parameters was analyzed, and the model was calibrated. The uncertainty analysis for the hydrological model was conducted based on four algorithms: Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE), Sequential Uncertainty Fitting (SUFI), Parameter Solution method (ParaSol) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The performance of the algorithms was compared using P-factor and Rfactor, coefficient of determination (R2), the Nash Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSE) and Percent Bias (PBIAS). The results showed the high performance of SUFI and PSO with P-factor>0.83, R-factor 0.91, NSE>0.89, and 0.18<0.32. Hence, we would suggest to use SUFI-2 initially to set the parameter ranges, and further use PSO for final analysis. Indeed, the uncertainty analysis must be accounted when the outcomes of the model use for policy or management decisions.

关键词： SWAT-CUP GLUE SUFI2 ParaSol PSO Vietnam

Meat consumption in China and its impact on international food security: Status quo, trends, and policies

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 989-994页

作者： Xiaohua Yu Agricultural Economics in Developing and Transition Countries Courant Research Centre ‘Poverty Equity and Growth’University of Goettingen

*** China has seen drastic nutrition transition and food structure change with rapid economic growth in the past three ***,the traditional fibre-dominated food system is being replaced by a western-style meat-dominated diet（Yu and Abler 2009;Tian and Yu 2013）.In traditional China meat was regarded as a rarity and normally consumed during festivals,now it has become daily food for most Chinese consumers.

关键词： consumed import prices dominated nutrition drastic replaced fibre expenditure income

Golden age:on multi-source software update propagation in pervasive networking environments

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2013年第8期56卷 104-118页

作者： LI WenZhong FU XiaoMing CHAN Edward LU SangLu CHEN DaoXu State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Institute of Computer Science University of Goettingen Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong

With the development of Internet technology,a large portion of computer softwares appear to run in a network-oriented,distributed-deployed,and self-evolving *** emerging wireless communication technologies broaden the usage of software in mobile platforms,enabling the pervasive computing paradigm,where people can access information/service anytime and anywhere with portable *** the pervasive networking environment where mobile devices operate on the ad hoc mode and communicate with each other opportunistically without wireless infrastructures,distributing the evolving software updates to a set of mobile terminals is a challenging *** this paper,we address the problem of distributing multiple software updates in pervasive networks with storage and bandwidth constraints,and propose age-based solutions to tackle this *** basic idea is to introduce different age-based priority mechanisms for propagation decision making in order to resolve the contention of wireless bandwidth and storage *** investigate a number of update propagation strategies including random spread,youngest age,and golden *** models are derived to analyse the performance of the proposed *** is shown that the golden age strategy has the burst effect,which could be used to enhance the efficiency of software update *** principles for choosing golden age values are proposed aiming to optimize different utility *** simulations under various network parameters show that the golden age strategy outperforms other strategies for multi-source software updates propagation.

关键词： pervasive computing software update propagation mobile ad hoc networks