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Climate Change, Risk and Grain Yields in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第7期12卷 1279-1291页

作者： Rainer Holst Xiaohua Yu Carola Grün Courant Research Center 'Poverty Equity and Growth' Georg-August-University of Goettingen World Bank

Adopting Just and Pope （1978, 1979） style yield functions, this paper proposes a method to analyze the impacts of regional climate change on grain production in China. We find that changes in climate will affect grain production in North and South China differently. Specifically, it emerges that a 1℃ increase in annual average temperature could reduce national grain output by 1.45% （1.74% reduction in North China and 1.19% reduction in South China）, while an increase in total annual precipitation of around 100 mm could increase national grain output by 1.31% （3.0% increase in North China and 0.59% reduction in South China）.

关键词： grain yield climate change yield risk China

Predictability of IL-28B-polymorphism on protease-inhibitor-based triple-therapy in chronic HCV-genotype-1 patients: A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2014年第10期6卷 759-765页

作者： Nicolae-Catalin Mechie Christian Rver Silke Cameron Ahmad Amanzada Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology University Medical Center GoettingenGeorg-August-University Department of Medical Statistics University Medical Center GoettingenGeorg-August-University

AIM: To investigate the predictability of interleukin-28 B single nucleotide polymorphism rs12979860 with respect to sustained virological response(SVR) in chronically hepatitis C virus(HCV) genotype-1 patients treated with a protease-inhibitor and pegylated interferon-α(Peg-INF-α) based triple-therapy. METHODS: We searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Web of Knowledge for studies regarding the interleukin 28B(IL-28B)-genotype and protease-inhibitor based triple-therapy. Ten studies with 2707 patients were included into this meta-analysis. We used regression methods in order to investigate determinants of ***: IL-28B-CC-genotype patients achieved higher SVR rates(odds 5.34, 95%CI: 3.81-7.49) than IL-28B-non-CC-genotype patients(1.88, 95%CI: 1.43-2.48) receiving triple-therapy. The line of therapy(treatment-nave or-experienced for Peg-INF-α) did not affect the predictive value of IL-28B(P = 0.1). IL-28BCC-genotype patients treated with protease inhibitorbased triple-therapy consisting of Boceprevir, Simeprevir, Telaprevir or Vaniprevir showed odds of 3.38, 14.66, 7.84 and 2.91, respectively. The odds for CC genotype patients treated with Faldaprevir cannot be quantified, as only a single study with a 100% SVR rate was ***: IL-28B-SNP predicts the outcome for chronic HCV genotype-1 patients receiving protease inhibitor-based triple-therapy. The predictive value varies between the different protease inhibitors.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Direct antiviral agents Interleukin 28B Sustained virological response Metaanalysis

Effects of solvents and temperature on spherulites of self-assembled phloroglucinol tristearate

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第3期14卷 389-396页

作者： Yawen Yao Sabine Rosenfeldt Kai Zhang Wood Technology and Wood Chemistry Georg-August-University of Goettingen37077 GottingenGermany Department of Chemistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute University of Bayreuth95447 BayreuthGermany

Herein,phloroglucinol tristearate(PhgTS)was used to study the crystallization process due to its unique symmetric structure containing a benzene ring and three aliphatic *** of crystallized PhgTS from four solvents under diverse conditions were analyzed in detail and their formation process was *** cross is shown by PhgTS spherulites obtained from aprotic solvents via polarized optical *** comparison,no Maltese cross can be observed from branch-like crystals formed from protic *** on the micro-scaled morphology,lamellae were found to be the basic blocks constructing both PhgTS spherulites and branch-like crystals,which were formed predominantly by stacked PhgTS *** differential characters of the solvents did not affect the formation of lamellas,the solvents played a crucial role in the formation of self-assembled microscaled *** particular,the morphologies of spherulites were strongly affected by the concentration of PhgTS solutions,surrounding tempera-ture and evaporation rate of ***,a higher concentration of PhgTS led to more homogeneous spherulites,a lower evaporation rate resulted in more compact spherulites,and a higher surounding temperature generated preferentially more ring-banded spherulites of PhgTS.

关键词： phloroglucinol tristearate aprotic and protic solvent self-assembly spherulites

Distribution of persistent organic pollutants in aggregate fractions of a temperate forest and semi-rural soil

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Journal of Forestry Research 2017年第5期28卷 953-962页

作者： Shafique Maqsood Rajasekaran Murugan Department of Environmental Chemistry University of Kassel Department of Physical Geography Georg August-University Goettingen Department of Soil Biology and Plant Nutrition University of Kassel

The fate of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and their interactions with aggregates of forest soils are not completely understood. Our objectives here were to quantify the distribution of different POPs in water-stable aggregate fractions and to study their influence on soil organic carbon (Corg) content. Soil samples were taken from a forest-site, Gogerddan (G) and a semi-rural site, Hazelrigg (H) in Great Britain, from 0-2 and 2-5 cm and 0-4 and 8-12 cm soil depth, respectively. POPs analyzed were PAHs, PCBs, total DDT, PBDEs and HCB. The bulk soil analysis showed that the concentration of POPs was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in forest site G than in semi-rural site H, particularly at the surface soil levels compared to the subsurface soil depths in both sites. Total concentrations of PCBs and PAHs of both sites were positively correlated with Corg contents. POPs concentrations and Corg, Nt contents of forest site G were significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in water-stable macro aggregates (>0.25, >1, >2 mm) than the micro aggregates (>0.053 mm). The POP concentrations of all aggregate fractions after normalizing to their respective Corg content were increased due higher contamination and strong sorption by Corg. These results showed a strong effect of Corg on the partitioning of organic pollutants to soil aggregate size fractions. The present study affirms the ecological significance of forest soils act as a potential sink of POPs. In summary, our results suggest that aggregate fractions may promote soil C storage and act as a potential POP sink in surface soil without increasing their concentration in the aggregate fraction of subsoil.

关键词： Aggregate fractions Forest soil Organic carbon Persistent organic pollutants

Six month abstinence rule for liver transplantation in severe alcoholic liver disease patients

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第14期21卷 4423-4426页

作者： Aiman Obed Steffen Stern Anwar Jarrad Thomas Lorf Hepatobiliary and Liver Transplant Unit Jordan Hospital Fakult?t für Rechtswissenschaft Universit?t Bielefeld georg-august-university goettingen

Alcoholic liver disease(ALD) is the second most common diagnosis among patients undergoing liver transplantation(LT).The recovery results of patients transplanted for ALD are often at least as good as those of patients transplanted for other diagnoses and better than those suffering from hepatitis C virus, cryptogenic cirrhosis, or hepatocellular *** case of medically non-responding patients with severe acute alcoholic hepatitis or acute-on chronic liver failure, the refusal of LT is often based on the lack of the required alcohol abstinence period of six *** obligatory abidance of a period of abstinence as a transplant eligibility requirement for medically non-responding patients seems unfair and inhumane, since the majority of these patients will not survive the six-month abstinence *** from various studies have challenged the 6-mo rule, while excellent survival results of LT have been observed in selected patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis not responding to medical *** with severe advanced ALD should have legal access to *** mere lack of pre-LT abstinence should not be an obstacle for being listed.

关键词： Alcohol Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis Six month ab

Physiological and Molecular Features of the Pathosystem Arabidopsis thaliana L.-Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Libert

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2006年第1期48卷 44-52页

作者： Fu-Ming Dai Tong Xu Gerhard A. Wolf Zu-Hua He College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China Institute of Plant Pathology Georg-August University Goettingen Goettingen 37077 Germany

The fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Libert causes rot diseases on many crops worldwide and large economic losses occur frequently because of a lack of resistant varieties. The pathogenesis of S. sclerotiorum and the molecular basis of plant responses to the pathogen are poorly understood. In the present investigation, the process of S. sclerotiorum infection in Arabidopsis thaliana L., a plant that is highly susceptible to this fungus, was analysed. In addition, the defense activation in the host was investigated. A convenient inoculation method using millet grain was developed for S. sclerotiorum in Arabidopsis. The fungus rapidly infected the plants, probably through ball- or cushion-like infection structures. Visible symptoms developed within 24 h and plants were killed 72 h after inoculation. Cellulase, the main enzyme that caused host tissues to rot, was secreted by S. sclerotiorum in a pH-dependent manner. Oxalic acid, another pathogenic factor secreted by the fungus, induced necrotic lesions on the leaves, infection with S. sclerotiorum strongly induced the production of the pathogenesis-related （PR） proteins β-1,3-glucanase and chitinase in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the PR gene PDF. 1 was induced, but not PR1, indicating that the pathogen activated basal defense of jasmonic acid/ethylene dependence, which is consistent with its necrotrophic characteristics. This pathosystem for Arabidopsis-S. sclerotiorum could provide an approach for the analysis of the interactions between S. sclerotiorum and other crops, thereby facilitating genetic manipulation techniques for controlling this pathogen.

关键词： Arabidopsis defense pathogenesis pathosystem Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Dual Spacisations:A Case Study of Iranian American Weblogs

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Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies 2021年第1期15卷 122-142页

作者： Mahdie Ghanian georg-august-university Gottingen GoettingenGermany

The purpose of this research is to study how online transnational spaces are created in blogs by Iranians who are residents of *** cyberspace,place,to a large extent,loses its importance;online transnational spaces can thus provide possible virtual return for Iranian migrants in the *** planned sampling,this paper analyses the migration narratives of 15 Persian language blogs written by Iranians in the United States of America through qualitative content *** bloggers were sorted into three categories of identity:Iranian-Ancient Identity,Iranian-Islamic Identity and Iranian-American *** bloggers belonged to the third category of *** research showed that although the Iranian migrant bloggers are loyal to their place of origin,they defined themselves as *** identity-making is not in contrast with neither Iranian nor American identity,but it is indicated in the form of a connection.

关键词： Iranian diaspora Blogs virtual space identity migration

Malware homology identification based on a gene perspective

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2019年第6期20卷 801-815页

作者： Bing-lin ZHAO Zheng SHAN Fu-dong LIU Bo ZHAO Yi-hang CHEN Wen-jie SUN State Key Laboratory of Mathematical Engineering and Advanced Computing Zhengzhou 450001 China georg-august-university of goettingen Goettingen 37077 Germany

Malware homology identification is important in attacking event tracing, emergency response scheme generation, and event trend prediction. Current malware homology identification methods still rely on manual analysis, which is inefficient and cannot respond quickly to the outbreak of attack events. In response to these problems, we propose a new malware homology identification method from a gene perspective. A malware gene is represented by the subgraph, which can describe the homology of malware families. We extract the key subgraph from the function dependency graph as the malware gene by selecting the key application programming interface(API) and using the community partition algorithm. Then, we encode the gene and design a frequent subgraph mining algorithm to find the common genes between malware families. Finally, we use the family genes to guide the identification of malware based on homology. We evaluate our method with a public dataset, and the experiment results show that the accuracy of malware classification reaches 97% with high efficiency.

关键词： Malware classification Gene perspective Dependency graph Homology analysis

Donor defects after lymph vessel transplantation and free vascularized lymph node transfer:A comparison and evaluation of complications

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World Journal of Transplantation 2021年第4期11卷 129-137页

作者： Gunther Felmerer Dominik Behringer Nadine Emmerich Marian Grade Adam Stepniewski Division of Plastic Surgery Department for Trauma SurgeryOrthopedics and Plastic SurgeryUniversity Medical Center GoettingenGoettingen 37075Lower SaxonyGermany georg-august university goettingen University Medical Center GoettingenGoettingen 37075Lower SaxonyGermany Department of General Visceral and Pediatric SurgeryUniversity Medical Center GoettingenGoettingen 37075Lower SaxonyGermany

BACKGROUND Secondary lymphedema after surgical interventions is a progressive,chronic disease that is still not completely *** the past years,a multitude of surgical therapy options have been *** To summarize the single-center complications in lymph vessel(LVTx)and free vascularized lymph node transfer(VLNT).METHODS In total,the patient collective consisted of 87 patients who were undergoing treatment for secondary leg lymphedema during the study period from March 2010 to April *** data collection was performed preoperatively during consultations,as well as three weeks,six months and twelve months after surgical *** the event of complications,more detailed follow-up checks were carried *** total n=18 robot-assisted omental lymph node transplantations,n=33 supraclavicular lymph node transplantations and n=36 Lymph vessel transplantations were *** exemplary drawing is shown in Figure 1.A graphical representation of patient selection is shown in Figure *** harvest was performed with the Da Vinci Xi Robot Systems(Intuitive Surgical,CA,United States).RESULTS In total,11 male and 76 female patients were operated *** mean age of the patients at study entry was:omental VLNT:57.45±8.02 years;supraclavicular VLNT:49.76±4.16 years and LVTx:49.75±4.95 *** average observation time postoperative was:omental VLNT:18±3.48 mo;supraclavicular VLNT:14.15±4.9 and LVTx:14.84±4.46 *** our omental VLNT,three patients showed a slight abdominal sensation of tension within the first 12 postoperative *** other donor side morbidities *** intraoperative conversion to open technique was *** supraclavicular VLNT collective showed 10 lift defect morbidities with one necessary surgical *** our LVTx collective,12 cases of donor side morbidity were *** one case,surgical intervention was *** Concerning donor side morbidity,robot-assisted omental VLNT is clearly superior to supraclavic

关键词： Lymph surgery Vascularized lymph node transfer Lymph vessel transfer Robot-assisted surgery Da Vinci Xi Donor side morbidity