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Taphonomy and Paleoecology of Lycoptera: A Case Study from the Lower Jehol Group in Western Liaoning, Northeastern China

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Journal of Earth science 2024年第3期35卷 737-746页

作者： Zhongwu Lan Rong Cao Shujing Zhang State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China college of Earth and Planetary sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China department of geology Trinity CollegeDublin 999015Ireland

Taphonomy and paleoecology(biological behavior)of the Early Cretaceous fish fossils are poorly *** study reports for the first time a detailed taphonomical and paleoecological study on Lycoptera in the Mesozoic strata of western Liaoning Province,NE *** XRD analysis shows that gismondine is the dominant clay minerals that could have contributed to the preservation of Lycoptera fossils and microbial mat fragments in the fossil-bearing *** may have formed under volcanism-related hydrothermal regime that was transformed from crystal and lithic ***μ-XRF imaging analysis shows a dominant chemical composition of Al,Si,P,S,Rh,K,Ca,Ti,C,Cr,Mn,Fe,Ni,among which P,Ca,C and S are enriched in the fish skeleton in comparison to the *** suggests a dominant apatite composition for the fish *** influence did not smear off these organic signals probably because of protection of *** coexistance of C and S with Ni is assumed to represent recovered primary productivity following volcanic explosions and toxic gas *** head of juvenile fish stays close to the body of adult *** further discoveries,such phenomenon is interpreted to suggest that adult fish actively protected juvenile fish in the presence of environmental pressures such as anoxia and deterioration of water quality induced by *** acidification and hypoxia in association with volcanism created a harmful environment causing mass extinction of *** adult Lycoptera protected their juveniles by its body at the moment before *** biological behavior will be increasingly reported given the wide occurrence of Lycoptera in Mesozoic strata.

关键词： Lycoptera taphonomy paleoecology fish Jehol Group NE China.

An Attention-Based Approach to Enhance the Detection and Classification of Android Malware

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2743-2760页

作者： Abdallah Ghourabi department of Computer science College of Computer and Information SciencesJouf UniversitySakaka72388Saudi Arabia

The dominance of Android in the global mobile market and the open development characteristics of this platform have resulted in a significant increase in *** malicious applications have become a serious concern to the security of Android *** address this problem,researchers have proposed several machine-learning models to detect and classify Android malware based on analyzing features extracted from Android ***,most existing studies have focused on the classification task and overlooked the feature selection process,which is crucial to reduce the training time and maintain or improve the classification *** current paper proposes a new Android malware detection and classification approach that identifies the most important features to improve classification performance and reduce training *** proposed approach consists of two main ***,a feature selection method based on the Attention mechanism is used to select the most important ***,an optimized Light Gradient Boosting Machine(LightGBM)classifier is applied to classify the Android samples and identify the *** feature selection method proposed in this paper is to integrate an Attention layer into a multilayer perceptron neural *** role of the Attention layer is to compute the weighted values of each feature based on its importance for the classification *** evaluation of the approach has shown that combining the Attention-based technique with an optimized classification algorithm for Android malware detection has improved the accuracy from 98.64%to 98.71%while reducing the training time from 80 to 28 s.

关键词： Android malware malware detection feature selection attention mechanism LightGBM mobile security

A novel dandelion-based bionic proppant and its transportation mechanism in different types of fractures

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Petroleum science 2024年第4期21卷 2583-2599页

作者： Jun Li Ming-Yi Wu Xu Han Si-Yuan He Ze-Yu Lin State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Sichuan Particles Energy and Technology Co. Ltd Chongqing Industry Polytechnic college Petroleum Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science University of Regina

Low-permeability reservoirs are generally characterized by low porosity and low permeability. Obtaining high production using the traditional method is technologically challenging because it yields a low reservoir recovery factor. In recent years, hydraulic fracturing technology is widely applied for efficiently exploiting and developing low-permeability reservoirs using a low-viscosity fluid as a fracturing ***, the transportation of the proppant is inefficient in the low-viscosity fluid, and the proppant has a low piling-up height in fracture channels. These key challenges restrict the fluid(natural gas or oil) flow in fracture channels and their functional flow areas, reducing the profits of hydrocarbon *** study aimed to explore and develop a novel dandelion-bionic proppant by modifying the surface of the proppant and the fiber. Its structure was similar to that of dandelion seeds, and it had high transport and stacking efficiency in low-viscosity liquids compared with the traditional ***, the transportation efficiency of this newly developed proppant was investigated experimentally using six different types of fracture models(tortuous fracture model, rough fracture model,narrow fracture model, complex fracture model, large-scale single fracture model, and small-scale single fracture model). Experimental results indicated that, compared with the traditional proppant, the transportation efficiency and the packing area of the dandelion-based bionic proppant significantly improved in tap water or low-viscosity fluid. Compared with the traditional proppant, the dandelionbased bionic proppant had 0.1-4 times longer transportation length, 0.3-5 times higher piling-up height, and 2-10 times larger placement area. The newly developed proppant also had some other extraordinary features. The tortuosity of the fracture did not influence the transportation of the novel proppant. This proppant could easily enter the branch fracture and n

关键词： Dandelion-based bionic proppant Low-viscosity fracturing fluid Unconventional reservoir Volumetric fracturing stimulation

Recent Advances in 0D Ni/Co-based Hollow Electrocatalysts for Electrochemical Water Splitting

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2024年第3期40卷 437-450页

作者： GE Wenjing CHEN Xiaocui MA Ruizhao ZHENG Siyuan SHANG Ningzhao ZHAO Xiaoxian department of Chemistry College of ScienceHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001P.R.China

Electrochemical water splitting using renewable energy sources has been recognized as a sustainable way to produce hydrogen energy due to the characteristics of low-carbon and no ***,the slow hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions(HER/OER)seriously hinder the practical application of large-scale water *** this paper,the 0D Ni/Co-based hollow material is discussed in detail because of adjustable morphology,low mass density and abundant active sites,which provides an effective solution for improving the HER/OER reaction *** synthesis methods of hollow materials,such as hard template,soft template and self-template are ***,catalysts with different structural designs of hollow structures are reviewed,including hollow single-shelled structure,hollow core-shelled structure,hollow double-shelled structure and hollow multi-shelled structure(HoMS)***,the research progress of the 0D Ni/Co-based HoMS electrocatalysts in recent years and their prominent performances in water splitting are ***,the challenges and development prospects of designing Ni/Co-based HoMS catalysts in water splitting in the future are discussed.

关键词： Electrochemical watersplitting Morphological regulation Hollow structure Hollow multi-shelled structure(HoMS)

Interpretable Detection of Malicious Behavior in Windows Portable Executables Using Multi-Head 2D Transformers

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第2期7卷 485-499页

作者： Sohail Khan Mohammad Nauman Computer science department Effat College of EngineeringEffat UniversityJeddah 23341Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Windows malware is becoming an increasingly pressing problem as the amount of malware continues to grow and more sensitive information is stored on *** of the major challenges in tackling this problem is the complexity of malware analysis,which requires expertise from human *** developments in machine learning have led to the creation of deep models for malware ***,these models often lack transparency,making it difficult to understand the reasoning behind the model’s decisions,otherwise known as the black-box *** address these limitations,this paper presents a novel model for malware detection,utilizing vision transformers to analyze the Operation Code(OpCode)sequences of more than 350000 Windows portable executable malware samples from real-world *** model achieves a high accuracy of 0.9864,not only surpassing the previous results but also providing valuable insights into the reasoning behind the *** model is able to pinpoint specific instructions that lead to malicious behavior in malware samples,aiding human experts in their analysis and driving further advancements in the *** report our findings and show how causality can be established between malicious code and actual classification by a deep learning model,thus opening up this black-box problem for deeper analysis.

关键词： machine learning malware vision transformers Windows Protable Executable(PE)

An Effective Hybrid Model of ELM and Enhanced GWO for Estimating Compressive Strength of Metakaolin-Contained Cemented Materials

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1521-1555页

作者： Abidhan Bardhan Raushan Kumar Singh Mohammed Alatiyyah Sulaiman Abdullah Alateyah department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology PatnaPatnaIndia department of Computer Engineering and Applications GLA UniversityMathuraIndia department of Computer science College of Sciences and Humanities-AflajPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-KharjSaudi Arabia department of Computer science College of Science and ArtsQassim UniversityUnaizahSaudi Arabia

This research proposes a highly effective soft computing paradigm for estimating the compressive strength(CS)of metakaolin-contained cemented *** proposed approach is a combination of an enhanced grey wolf optimizer(EGWO)and an extreme learning machine(ELM).EGWO is an augmented form of the classic grey wolf optimizer(GWO).Compared to standard GWO,EGWO has a better hunting mechanism and produces an optimal *** EGWO was used to optimize the ELM structure and a hybrid model,ELM-EGWO,was *** train and validate the proposed ELM-EGWO model,a sum of 361 experimental results featuring five influencing factors was *** on sensitivity analysis,three distinct cases of influencing parameters were considered to investigate the effect of influencing factors on predictive *** consequences show that the constructed ELM-EGWO achieved the most accurate precision in both training(RMSE=0.0959)and testing(RMSE=0.0912)*** outcomes of the ELM-EGWO are significantly superior to those of deep neural networks(DNN),k-nearest neighbors(KNN),long short-term memory(LSTM),and other hybrid ELMs constructed with GWO,particle swarm optimization(PSO),harris hawks optimization(HHO),salp swarm algorithm(SSA),marine predators algorithm(MPA),and colony predation algorithm(CPA).The overall results demonstrate that the newly suggested ELM-EGWO has the potential to estimate the CS of metakaolin-contained cemented materials with a high degree of precision and robustness.

关键词： Metakaolin-contained cemented materials compressive strength extreme learning machine grey wolf optimizer swarm intelligence uncertainty analysis artificial intelligence

Non-radical activation of persulfate with Bi_(2)O_(3)/BiO_(1.3)I_(0.4)for efficient degradation of propranolol under visible light

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2024年第8期142卷 57-68页

作者： Yuehua Deng Qianqian Che Yani Li Jiating Luo Xiang Gao Yan He Yiling Liu Tong Liu Xiaolong Zhao Xiaobin Hu Wei Zhao college of geology and Environment Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710054China Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation Xi’an 710054China department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Life science Huzhou UniversityHuzhou 313000China School of Materials Engineering Changshu Institute of TechnologyChangshu 215500China

Non-radical activation of persulfate(PS)by photocatalysts is an effective approach for removing organic pollutants from aqueous *** this study,a novel Bi_(2)O_(3)/BiO_(1.3)I_(0.4)heterojunction was synthesized using a facile solvothermal approach and used for the first time for non-radical activation of PS to degrade propranolol(PRO)in the presence of visible *** findings found that the degradation rate of PRO in the Bi_(2)O_(3)/BiO_(1.3)I_(0.4)/PS system was significantly increased from 19%to more than 90%within 90 min compared to the Bi_(2)O_(3)/BiO_(1.3)I_(0.4)*** indicated that the composite system exerted an excellent synergistic effect between the photocatalyst and the persulfate-based *** tests and electron paramagnetic resonance demonstrated that the non-radical pathway with singlet oxygen as the active species played a major role in the photocatalytic *** existence of photo-generated holes during the reaction could also be directly involved in the oxidation of ***,a possible PRO degradation pathway was also ***,the impacts of pH,humic acid and common anions on the PRO degradation by the Bi_(2)O_(3)/BiO_(1.3)I_(0.4)/PS were explored,and the system’s stability and reusability were also *** study exhibits a highly productive catalyst for PS activation via a non-radical pathway and provides a new idea for the degradation of PRO.

关键词： Iodine deficiency Heterojunction Persulfate(PS) Propranolol(PRO) Photocatalytic degradation

Tuning structural,electrical,dielectric and magnetic properties of Mg-Cu-Co ferrites via dysprosium(Dy^(3+))doping

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第1期42卷 137-146,I0005页

作者： Maria Akhtar M.S.Hasan Nasir Amin N.A.Morley Muhammad Imran Arshad department of Physics Government College UniversityFaisalabad38000Pakistan department of Physics The University of Lahore53700Pakistan department of Materials science and Engineering The University of SheffieldS13JDUK department of Physics&Astronomy University College LondonUK

In current research work,Dy3+substituted Mg0.5Cu0.25Co0.25Fe2-xDyxO4(0.0≤x≤0.04 with the step interval of 0.01)soft ferrites were synthesized by the sol-gel auto combustion *** prepared samples were characterized by the techniques using X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,curre nt-voltage(Ⅰ-Ⅴ)measurement,LCR meter,vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM)and *** data reveal that the average crystallite size is 49.71 nm and the lattice constant is 0.83703 nm for sample x=*** non-uniform grain growth was demonstrated by micrographs and impurity-free elemental composition was observed from EDX *** DC resistivity has an increasing and decreasing trend in ferromagnetic and paramagnetic regions with an increase in ***,the high resistivity is observed with the order of 1010Ω·cm,and the activation energy is 0.944 eV for samples x=*** dielectric parameters including dielectric constant,dielectric losses,and impedance gradually decrease with the increase in frequency from 8 Hz to 8 *** minimum dielectric loss at high frequency is found for sample x=*** coercivity(Hc)and saturation magnetization(Ms)are found in the ranges of 520.82-544.02 Oe and 20.5841-21.1473 emu/g,*** observations confirm that dysprosium(x=0.03)doped MCC-soft ferrites may be applicable in transformer cores,microwave absorbance,and telecommunication devices.

关键词： Soft ferrites DC resistivity Dielectric loss Impedance Coercivity Rare earths

Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharides on growth performance,intestinal barrier function and cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 344-361页

作者： Wenchao Liu Huimei Liu Yaoyao Wang Zhongxiang Zhao Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian Rajesh Jha department of Animal science College of Coastal Agricultural SciencesGuangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiangGuangdong 524088People’s Republic of China department of Food science and Biotechnology College of Life ScienceSejong UniversitySeoul 05006South Korea department of Human Nutrition Food and Animal SciencesCollege of Tropical Agriculture and Human ResourcesUniversity of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHI 96822USA

Background Global warming leading to heat stress(HS)is becoming a major challenge for broiler *** study aimed to explore the protective effects of seaweed(Enteromorpha prolifera)polysaccharides(EPS)on the intestinal barrier function,microbial ecology,and performance of broilers under HS.A total of 144 yellow-feathered broilers(male,56 days old)with 682.59±7.38 g were randomly assigned to 3 groups:1)TN(thermal neutral zone,23.6±1.8℃),2)HS(heat stress,33.2±1.5℃ for 10 h/d),and 3)HSE(HS+0.1%EPS).Each group contained 6 replicates with 8 broilers per *** study was conducted for 4 weeks;feed intake and body weights were measured at the end of weeks 2 and *** the end of the feeding trial,small intestine samples were collected for histomorphology,antioxidant,secretory immunoglobulin A(s Ig A)content,apoptosis,gene and protein expression analysis;cecal contents were also collected for microbiota analysis based on 16S r DNA *** Dietary EPS promoted the average daily gain(ADG)of broilers during 3–4 weeks of HS(P<0.05).At the end of HS on broilers,the activity of total superoxide dismutase(T-SOD),glutathione S-transferase(GST),and the content of s Ig A in jejunum were improved by EPS supplementation(P<0.05).Besides,dietary EPS reduced the epithelial cell apoptosis of jejunum and ileum in heat-stressed broilers(P<0.05).Addition of EPS in HS group broilers'diet upregulated the relative m RNA expression of Occludin,ZO-1,γ-GCLc and IL-10 of the jejunum(P<0.05),whereas downregulated the relative m RNA expression of NF-κB p65,TNF-αand IL-1βof the jejunum(P<0.05).Dietary EPS increased the protein expression of Occludin and ZO-1,whereas it reduced the protein expression of NF-κB p65 and MLCK(P<0.01)and tended to decrease the protein expression of TNF-α(P=0.094)in heat-stressed ***,the proportions of Bacteroides and Oscillospira among the three groups were positively associated with jejunal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine ex

关键词： Broilers Cecal microbiota Heat stress Intestinal barrier function Seaweed polysaccharides