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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 1075-1078页

作者： Huishan Zhang Yucai Song Jianing Sun Jun Hong Yasir Shaheen Khalil Yanguang Li Haidi Zhang Zhihua Wang MNR Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits Xi’an Center of Geological SurveyChina Geological SurveyXi’an 710054China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Chengdu Center of geological survey China Geological SurveyChengdu 610081China China Huaye Group Co. LtdBeijing 100037China geological survey of Pakistan Islamabad 44000Pakistan

0 INTRODUCTION Sedimentary exhalative(SEDEX)lead-zinc deposit was traditionally considered as a result of submarine hydrothermal exhalation,including exhalative plume and brine pool models(Izanloo et al.,2022;Spinks et al.,2021;Maghfouri et al.,2020;Sangster,2020,2018;Huang et al.,2019;Rajabi et al.,2015;Goodfellow and Lydon,2007;Large et al.,2005,2001;Peng et al.,2000;Goodfellow et al.,1993;Figures 1a,1b).However,recognition of mineralization as subseafloor hydrothermal replacement in a few SEDEX deposits has challenged the traditional consideration(Magnall et al.,2023,2021,2020a,b;Hayward et al.,2021;Figure 1c).Researchers come to believe that subseafloor replacement rather than submarine exhalation is a dominant process for SEDEX mineralization,but this needs to be examined through more case studies.

关键词： submarine mineralization seafloor

Timing and Tectonic Setting of the Gaoaobei TungstenMolybdenum Deposit in Nanling Range, South China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 890-904页

作者： Jianfeng Li Kemeng Ma Youyue Lu Jianming Fu Shunbo Cheng Yuan Li Chuanbiao Li College of Geographical Science Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029China Wuhan Center of geological survey China Geological SurveyWuhan 430205China Granite Diagenesis and Mineralization Geology Research Center China Geological SurveyWuhan 430205China Mineral Resources survey Institute of Hunan Province Changsha 410083China

The Gaoaobei tungsten-molybdenum deposit is a newly discovered large-scale quartzvein-type deposit in the Nanling metallogenic belt in South *** ore bodies are hosted in the Indosinian granites and the Cambrian Xiangnan Group slates and are controlled by NWW-oriented faults,which are obviously different from the“five-story building”model in southern Jiangxi *** magmatic rocks in the study area are dominated by medium-to coarse-grained biotite monzogranite,with a few NW-oriented fine-grained granite *** medium-to coarse-grained biotite monzogranite and fine-grained granite dykes have zircon U-Pb ages of 229.4±1.9 Ma(MSWD=1.5)and 164.9±3.3 Ma(MSWD=0.75),respectively,corresponding to the Indosinian and Yanshanian *** monzogranites have higher contents of FeO,CaO,K2O,P2O5,and TiO2,while the granite dykes have slightly higher contents of SiO2,Al2O3,MnO,and *** A/CNK values are 1.11-1.75 and 1.19-2.25,and the contents of CIPW normative corundum are 1.71%-6.66%and 2.41%-9.50%,suggesting both the monzogranites and granite dykes are S-type *** total amount of rare earth elements in the monzogranites(from 84.7 ppm to 129 ppm)is slightly lower than that in the granite dykes(from 128 ppm to 133 ppm).The Eu/Eu*values range from 0.12 to 0.30 in monzogranites and from 0.0011 to 0.0013 in granite dykes,indicating the fine-grained granites underwent more intense fractional *** monzogranite and granite dykes have high 87Sr/86Sri values of 0.7169-0.7193 and 0.72825-0.72880,lowεNd(t)values ranging from-10.2 to-9.6 and from-11.5 to-11.4,and TDM2 ages of 1835-1785 and 1957-1946 Ma,*** isotope data indicate their origin from the remelting of the Paleoproterozoic crustal *** with regional geology,it is concluded that the medium-to coarse-grained biotite monzogranite was formed in a post-collisional extensional *** addition,40Ar-39Ar dating of the greisen type tungsten-molybdenum ore gave

关键词： zircon U-Pb age 40Ar-39Ar age geochemistry tungsten molybdenum deposit Gaoaobei Nanling Range.

Multistate transition and coupled solid-liquid modeling of motion process of long-runout landslide

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2694-2714页

作者： Yang Gao Yueping Yin Bin Li Han Zhang Weile Wu Haoyuan Gao Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyBeijing100081China Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and geological Safety Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing100081China China Institute of geological Environment Monitoring China Geological SurveyBeijing100081China School of geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China

The recognition,repetition and prediction of the post-failure motion process of long-runout landslides are key scientific problems in the prevention and mitigation of geological *** this study,a new numerical method involving LPF3D based on a multialgorithm and multiconstitutive model was proposed to simulate long-runout landslides with high precision and *** following results were obtained:(a)The motion process of landslides showed a steric effect with mobility,including gradual disintegration and *** sliding mass can be divided into three states(dense,dilute and ultradilute)in the motion process,which can be solved by three dynamic regimes(friction,collision,and inertial);(b)Coupling simulation between the solid grain and liquid phases was achieved,focusing on drag force influences;(c)Different algorithms and constitutive models were employed in phase-state *** volume fraction is an important indicator to distinguish different state types and solid‒liquid *** flume experimental results were favorably validated against long-runout landslide case data;and(d)In this method,matched dynamic numerical modeling was developed to better capture the realistic motion process of long-runout landslides,and the advantages of continuum media and discrete media were combined to improve the computational accuracy and *** new method can reflect the realistic physical and mechanical processes in long-runout landslide motion and provide a suitable method for risk assessment and pre-failure prediction.

关键词： Long-runout landslide Multistate transition Mixed solid‒liquid flow Post-failure process Numerical simulation

Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Early Triassic Nianzi Adakitic Granite Unit in the Yanshan Fold and Thrust Belt:New Constraints from U-Pb Geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopes

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 50-66页

作者： ZHANG Huijun WU Chu HE Fubing WANG Biren CUI Yubin LIU Zhenghua YOU Shina DONG Jing Development and Research Center of the China geological survey Beijing 100037China Beijing Institute of the geological survey Beijing 100095China Institute of Disaster Prevention LangfangHebei 065201China

The Nianzi granite unit,which includes the Nianzi,Xiaolianghou and Xiawopu granitic intrusions,is a significant component of the northern part of the North China Craton(NCC)and is situated in the Yanshan fold and thrust belt(YFTB).However,there is still debate regarding the tectonic evolutionary history of the YFTB during the late Permian to Triassic period,specifically regarding the timing of subduction and collision between the NCC and the Paleo-Asian *** Nianzi granite unit exhibits unique petrological,geochronological and geochemical signatures that shed light on the tectonic evolutionary history of the *** study presents detailed petrology,whole-rock geochemistry,together with Sr-Nd isotopic,zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic data of the granites within the Nianzi granite *** findings demonstrate that the granites primarily consist of subhedral K-feldspar,plagioclase,quartz,minor biotite and hornblende,with accessory titanite,apatite,magnetite and *** U-Pb dating indicates that the Xiaolianghou granite was emplaced at 247.5±0.62 ***,the adakitic characteristics of the Nianzi,Xiawopu and Xiaolianghou granitic intrusions,such as high Sr and Ba contents and high ratios of Sr/Y and(La/Yb)N,combined with negative Sr-Nd and Lu-Hf isotopes(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.705681–0.7057433,εNd(t)=−21.98 to−20.97,zirconεHf(t)=−20.26 to−9.92,as well as the I-type granite features of high SiO_(2),Na_(2)O and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratios,enriched Rb,K,Sr and Ba,along with depleted Th,U,Nb,Ta,P and Ti,suggest that the Nianzi granitic unit was mainly derived from the partial melting of a thickened lower crust containing hydrous,calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline,mafic to intermediate metamorphic *** light of these parameters,we further integrate our data with previous studies and conclude that the Nianzi granitic unit was generated in a post-collisional extensional environment during the Early Triassic.

关键词： tectonic evolution zircon geochronology Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes Nianzi granite unit Yanshan fold and thrust belt

Two stages power generation test of the hot dry rock exploration and production demonstration project in the Gonghe Basin,northeastern Qinghai-Tibet plateau,China

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China Geology 2024年第3期7卷 409-421页

作者： Er-yong Zhang Dong-guang Wen Gui-ling Wang Xian-peng Jin Lin-you Zhang Hai-dong Wu Wen-shi Wang Cheng-ming Ye Wei Weng Kuan Li Jin-sheng Wu Xian-chun Tang Chong-yuan Zhang Qing-da Feng Sheng Lian Li-sha Hu Gui-lin Zhu Xing-long Xie Bin Wu Dan Wang Xue Niu Zhao-xuan Niu Dong-lin Liu Hui Zhang Wen-hao Xu Shu-qing Yao Li Yang Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology survey China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesTianjin 300304China Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyShijiazhuang 050061China Institute of Exploration Techniques Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyLangfang 065000China Institute of Exploration Engineering China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100083China Institute of Exploration Technology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChengdu 611734China Chinese Academy of geological Sciences China Geological SurveyBeijing 100037China Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyBeijing 100081China Geoscience Documentation Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100083China

The Hot Dry Rock(HDR)is considered as a clean and renewable energy,poised to significantly contribute to the global energy decarbonization *** HDR projects worldwide have accumulated valuable experience in efficient drilling and completion,reservoir construction,and fracture *** 2019,China geological survey(CGS)initiated a demonstration project of HDR exploration and production in the Gonghe Basin,aiming to overcome the setbacks faced by HDR *** the ensuing four years,the Gonghe HDR project achieved the first power generation in 2021,followed by the second power generation test in *** establishing the primary well group in the initial phase,two directional wells and one branch well were *** progress was made in successfully constructing the targeted reservoir,realizing inter-well connectivity,power generation and grid connection,implementing of the real-time micro-seismic monitoring.A closed-loop technical validation of the HDR exploration and production was ***,many technical challenges remain in the process of HDR industrialization,such as reservoir fracture network characterization,efficient drilling and completion,multiple fracturing treatment,continuous injection and production,as well as mitigation of induced seismicity and numerical simulation technology.

关键词： Power generation Hot dry rock(HDR) Enhanced geothermal system(EGS) Genesis mechanism Gonghe Basin Directional drilling Reservoir construction Circulation test Induced seismicity Clean energy exploration engineering

The Middle and Late Holocene climate change in Bohai Bay revealed by diatom proxy

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2024年第5期42卷 1493-1506页

作者： Zhiwen SHANG Jianfen LI Fu WANG Hong WANG Tianjin Centre China Geological SurveyTianjin 300170China Key Laboratory of Coastal Geo-environment China Geological SurveyTianjin 300170China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Coast geological Processes and Environmental Safety Tianjin 300170China

A total of 98 samples from two boreholes in shallow sea area and two oyster reefs in adjacent coastal plain in the northwestern coast of Bohai Bay were collected for diatom analyses and species *** ratio of the marine species Thalassionema nitzschioides to the intertidal-coastal species complex Cyclotella striata/stylorum serves as a novel proxy for assessing the strength of marine *** data,corrected for the local residence time effect,facilitated the construction of a diatom proxy-based marine influence curve for the study *** curve delineates the dynamics of marine influence and their correlations with paleo-climate fluctuations and the East Asian monsoon variability,as well as their role in chenier *** include:(1)eight periods of intensified marine influence have been documented since 7000 a BP in the study *** peak of each period,as determined by the diatom proxy,corresponds closely to the warm climatic phases and stronger East Asian summer monsoons,suggesting that the peaks marine influence indicate typically the periods of climatic warmth and monsoon activity intensification in the region;(2)a strong correlation exists between the development of cheniers and marine influence,and chenier formation began with the increasing marine influence and terminated at the end of warm periods as marine influence *** climatic changes in the coastal area,as indicated by the diatom proxy,hold significant potential for future related research endeavors.

关键词： Bohai Bay diatom diatom-based marine influence curve paleo-climate Holocene

Prediction of soil organic carbon stock combining Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images in the Zoige Plateau, the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 165-176页

作者： Junjie Lei Changli Zeng Lv Zhang Xiaogang Wang Chanhua Ma Tao Zhou Benjamin Laffitte Ke Luo Zhihan Yang Xiaolu Tang State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Sichuan Academy of geological survey Sichuan Institute of Nuclear geological survey College of Earth Sciences Chengdu University of Technology Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory

Background Soil organic carbon（SOC） is a critical component of the global carbon cycle, and an accurate estimate of regional SOC stock（SOCS） would significantly improve our understanding of SOC sequestration and cycles. Zoige Plateau, locating in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has the largest alpine marsh wetland worldwide and exhibits a high sensitivity to climate fluctuations. Despite an increasing use of optical remote sensing in predicting regional SOCS, optical remote sensing has obvious limitations in the Zoige Plateau due to highly cloudy weather, and knowledge of on the spatial patterns of SOCS is limited. Therefore, in the current study, the spatial distributions of SOCS within 100 cm were predicted using an XGBoost model—a machine learning approach, by integrating Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and field observations in the Zoige *** The results showed that SOC content exhibited vertical distribution patterns within 100 cm, with the highest SOC content in topsoil. The tenfold cross-validation approach showed that XGBoost model satisfactorily predicted the spatial patterns of SOCS with a model efficiency of 0.59 and a root mean standard error of 95.2 Mg ha-1. Predicted SOCS showed a distinct spatial heterogeneity in the Zoige Plateau, with an average of 355.7 ± 123.1 Mg ha-1within 100 cm and totaled 0.27 × 10～9 Mg *** High SOC content in topsoil highlights the high risks of significant carbon loss from topsoil due to human activities in the Zoige Plateau. Combining Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satisfactorily predicted SOCS using the XGBoost model, which demonstrates the importance of selecting modeling approaches and satellite images to improve efficiency in predicting SOCS distribution at a fine spatial resolution of 10 m. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the potential of radar（Sentinel-1） in developing SOCS mapping, with the newly developed fine-resolution mapping having important applications in land management, ecological resto

关键词： SOC Vegetation index Texture XGBoost Sentinel-1 Sentinel-2

First Record of Middle Eocene Elephant Ancestors’Footprints in the Gonjo Basin,East Tibet Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1224-1235页

作者： Asma Tahir Huazhou Yao Junaid Khan Yangui Li He Zhao Yue Yu Tang Yuan Institute of geological survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Wuhan Center China Geological SurveyWuhan430205China State Key Laboratory of geological Processes and Mineral Resources Wuhan430078China Chengdu Center China Geological SurveyChengdu610081China Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

It is the first time that the fossil footprints of a group of Middle Eocene elephant ancestors have been discovered in the Gonjo Basin,East Tibet *** Gonjo Formation is attributed to the Middle Eocene Epoch(U-Pb age=44.7±1.2 Ma)and consists mainly of purplish-red,medium-to coarse-grained sandstones,siltstones interbedded with mudstones,and conglomerates with sedimentary structures like ripple marks,rip-up clasts,and trough-cross bedding,suggesting fluvial-lacustrine *** group of fossil footprints has a characteristic oval-concave shape,and the toe impressions are *** fossil footprints are overstepped with a pockmarked texture resembling Proboscipeda *** than 165 fossil footprints of the group are relatively well-preserved with different diameters,which is evidence of highly social behavior and trackmakers of different ages,including calves,juveniles,adolescents,and *** size frequency of the fossil footprints enabled us to deduce the body mass,shoulder height,and hip-height distribution of the trackmakers that crossed the East Tibet Plateau 44.7 Ma *** trackmakers comprised an estimated average hip-height of 111.8 cm,an average shoulder height of 172.8 cm for males/155.9 cm for females,and an average body mass of approximately 1218.1 kg for males/907.8 kg for *** abundance of fossil footprints reveals that in the Middle Eocene Epoch,the environment was extraordinarily conducive for the elephant ancestors to live in the East Tibet region.

关键词： Proboscipeda enigmatica East Tibet Plateau Gonjo Formation fossil footprints fluvial-lacustrine

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Carbon emission reduction:Contribution of photovoltaic power and practice in China

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China Geology 2024年第2期7卷 371-376页

作者： Liang Wang Li-qiong Jia Geng Xie Xi-jie Chen Yang Liu Natural Resources Integrated survey Command Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100055China Development and Research Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China Center for Geophysical survey China Geological SurveyLangfang 065000China

As a clean and renewable form of energy,photovoltaic(PV)power generation converts solar energy into electrical energy,reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and significantly lowering greenhouse gas *** the global t... 详细信息

关键词： convert power emissions

Quaternary Activity Characteristics and Regional Tectonic Significance of the Jiulong Fault in Jiujiang,Jiangxi Province,China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1107-1117页

作者： Xin Qi Yuyong Jiao Qinghua Li Bin Li Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Wuhan Center China Geological SurveyWuhan430205China Institute of geological survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China

Obtaining geological and landform dislocation features,as well as the measured stratigraphic activity age,provides direct evidence to evaluate fault activity,which is more difficult to do in areas with low tectonic activity,such as eastern and central China.A detailed investigation of the fault activity,trenching,drilling joint geological profile,geological survey,and chronological analysis were used to obtain the spatial geometry,fault kinematics,and activity chronology of the Jiulong *** conclusions are as follows:(1)The Jiulong fault was a fracture zone composed of four branch faults,with a width of around 30–40 m and good extendibility,while the maximum surface rupture length was 373 m.(2)The Jiulong fault has many strata dislocations,and the dislocation distance decreased from bottom to top,demonstrating synsedimentary structure characteristics,with a maximum stratigraphic dislocation distance of 18.2 m.(3)Preliminary analysis suggested the Jiulong fault as a secondary fracture of the Xiangfan-Guangji fault zone and provided evidence of the southeastward extension of the Xiangfan-Guangji fault.A preliminary hypothesis purported the Xiangfan-Guangji fault as the seismogenic fault of the Ms 5.0 magnitude earthquake in 1911.(4)According to OSL and ESR dating analyses,the upper breakpoint of the Jiulong fault cuts into the Late Pleistocene Xingang Formation(Qp3x)strata,and the latest active age of the Jiulong fault was 57.6 *** chronology analysis confirmed an active fault from the Late Pleistocene and identified a weak tectonic in Jiujiang Province,which represents the largest active fault outcrop uncovered in the area so *** study provides evidence and research materials for the evaluation of fault activity and seismic stability in this region.

关键词： active fault regional tectonic earthquakes seismic intensity tectonics