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Ordovician integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 971-1004页

作者： Xiang FANG Yong Yi ZHEN Guangxu WANG Xin WEI Zhongyang CHEN Yan LIANG Xuejin WU Wenjie LI Chao LI Renbin ZHAN Yuandong ZHANG State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China geological survey of New South Wales W.B.Clarke Geoscience CentreNSW 2753Australia University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The Ordovician rocks on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau represent the oldest non-metamorphic strata,and are critical to understanding the history of regional geology and biotic evolution of the entire *** of Floian,Darriwilian,Sandbian,Katian and Hirnantian are represented in the plateau with a hiatus of variable duration occurring underneath the basal Ordovician across the *** stratigraphical regions,including the Himalaya,Gangdise-Zayu,Qiangtang-Qamdo,Songpan-Garze,and Karakoram-Kunlun-Altun,are differentiated for the Ordovician strata,which are correlated with their equivalents in the Sibumasu,Indochina,Qaidam-Qilian,Tarim-Tianshan,and the Yangtze(western margin)stratigraphical *** the QinghaiTibetan Plateau,graptolites,conodonts,and cephalopods are the most common and useful fossils for the Ordovician *** Ordovician biotas of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau bear some distinguishable palaeobiogeographical signatures,among which the cephalopods are characterized by the flourishing actinocerids of North China affinity in the Early-Middle Ordovician,and by the thriving lituitids and orthocerids of South China affinity in the Middle-Late *** occurrences and their palaeobiogeographical evolution provide critical evidence bearing on the reconstruction of the geological history of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and surrounding terranes in northeastern *** stratigraphical successions of the Cambrian-Ordovician transition in the Himalaya and Lhasa and nearby Sibumasu terranes were significantly affected by the Kurgiakh Orogeny,which resulted in the extensive unconformity between the Ordovician and the underlying rocks in most areas of the Qinghai-Tibetan *** southern Xizang,a warm-water biota of Middle Ordovician age was recovered from oolitic limestones,suggesting a likely palaeogeographical location in low-latitudes near the *** the Himalaya and Sibumasu regions,the Upper Ordovician was typified by t

关键词： Ordovician Chronostratigraphy Lithostratigraphy Biostratigraphy Palaeobiogeography Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

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A typical paleochannel-controlled ground fissure in Hengshui， Hebei plain， China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Feiyong Wang Jianbing Peng Jishan Xu Quanzhong Lu School of Geology Engineering and Geomatics， Chang'an University Key Laboratory of western China's Mineral Resources and geological Engineering， Ministry of Education， Chang'an University Key Laboratory of Earth Fissures geological Disaster， Ministry of Natural Resources (geological survey of Jiangsu Province) School of Engineering and Technology， Institute of Geosafety， China University of Geosciences， Beijing School of Resources and Geosciences， China University of Mining and Technology

Nearly 1 100 fissures have formed on the Hebei plain in China. Within the Yellow River-Qinghe River-Zhanghe River shallow buried paleochannel Band on the plain， 93 ground fissures controlled by paleochannels have developed. Among them， The Wuyi-Fuping ground fissure is a typical paleochannel-controlled fissure located in Hengshui， Hebei Province， with a total length of 3 km， a dominant strike of NE78°， and nearly upright in the shallow layer. The surface damage observed in this fissure primarily manifests as beaded pits， and its activity showcases distinct segmentation characteristics. On the trench profiles， the offset distance of shallow layers remains consistently around 20 cm within the depth range of 0 m to -3 m. An evident flexure is observed in the strata at depths ranging from -4.5 to -7 m. The drilling profile reveals that there is an absence of dislocations in the deeper strata. Nonetheless， the shallow seismic physical profiles unveil the presence of underlying faults beneath the study area， underscoring the intricate formation process and genesis mechanism of the Wuyi-Fuping ground fissure. Firstly， the formation and evolution of the Qingling River’s paleochannel were shaped by the actions of fault blocks and underlying faults. The interplay of the regional stress field， fault block movement， and fault activity played pivotal roles in driving the development of this paleochannel. Secondly， the paleochannel exerts a controlling influence on the development location and severity of the fissure. During pumping， the confined aquifer within the paleochannel undergoes water loss and compression， resulting in the formation of a surface subsidence funnel. When the tensile stress surpasses the soil’s tensile strength at the funnel’s edge， the soil fractures， giving rise to a ground fissure. Finally， large amounts of surface water generated by heavy rainfall and irrigation can cause existing hidden ground fissures to rupture， emerge， and expand. This paper provide

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geological and geochemical characteristics of the Baimazhai Ni-Cu-(PGE) sulphide deposit in Yunnan, China

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Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry 2007年第4期26卷 374-383页

作者： PU Chuanjie QIN Dexian NIAN Hong ZHANG Xueshu Franco PIRAJNO FAN Zhuguo Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China Yunnan Non-Ferrous Metals geological Bureau Kunming 650051 China geological survey of western Anstralia 100 Plain Street WA 6004 Australia

The sulphide ores of the Baimazhai deposit, although typically orthomagmatic, locally exhibit peculiar textural features and are intimately associated with hydrothermal minerals, such as biotite, amphibole and chlorite. This association suggests that the magmatic sulphide ores were subjected to hydrothermal alteration and subsequent redistribution, resulting in the observed textural features. Geochemically, the Baimazhai sulphide ores are enriched in Cu, Pd and Au, which,according to previous studies, reflects the action of hydrothermal fluids. Interestingly, Ar-Ar dating yielded the plateau ages of about 160–170 Ma, which are at odds with the established Permian age of the Emeishan large igneous province. We interpreted these younger ages as due to thermal resetting during post-Permian tectonothermal events. We have proposed a model in which tectonic movements and hydrothermal fluids related to these events modified the pre-existing magmatic sulphides. Given the degree of overprint, we suggested two possible scenarios: 1) the sulphide disseminations that surround the massive magmatic ores are the result of deformation and hydrothermal alteration; and 2) there were both magmatic massive and disseminated sulphides, in which case the scale and relocation of remobilization would have been smaller, but still detectable.

关键词：白马寨矿化作用云南硫化物

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Provenance bias between detrital zircons from sandstones and river sands:A quantification approach using 3-D grain shape,composition and age

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第3期11卷 835-842页

作者： V.Markwitz C.L.Kirkland K.Gessner School of Earth Sciences The University of Western AustraliaWA6009Australia School of Earth and Planetary Science Centre for Exploration Targeting-Curtin NodeCurtin UniversityWA6045Australia geological survey of western australia 100 Plain StreetEast PerthWA6004Australia

Preservation bias may significantly impact the application of detrital zircon geochronology in reconstructing Earth surface *** we compare detrital zircons from the actively eroding Murchison River channel in western australia with Ordovician fluvial sediments that have drained similar source rocks along the western margin of the West australian *** addition to standard analysis of detrital zircon age spectra we apply multivariate statistics to test the relation between 3-D grain shape,U-content and U-Pb ages,with the objective to quantify differences between both sample groups and track preservation along the transport pathway of the Murchison *** results show that zircon grains in modern river sands display an upstream trend toward larger surface areas,volume equivalent diameters and grain widths,as well as toward higher U-contents and lower apparent grain densities.3-D grain shape,size and age spectra of Murchison River zircons evolve consistently downstream,but even at the river outlet remain distinct from the Ordovician samples,as a less mature representation of *** interpret Ordovician river zircons to represent a significantly depleted subset from which up to 22% of the zircon population may have been lost compared to the actively transported detrital *** discrepancy between the characteristics of detrital zircons in modern active rivers and ancient fluvial Ordovician sandstones demonstrates a bias that could be relevant for other source-sink detrital transport systems throughout Earth history.

关键词： X-ray tomography Detrital Zircon Grain shape Preservation Fluvial

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Ar-Ar Dating of Baimazhai Nickel-Copper-(PGE) Sulphide Deposit and Its Significance, Southeast Yunnan Province, China

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Journal of China University of Mining and Technology 2006年第2期16卷 200-205页

作者： ZHANG Xue-shu QIN De-xian Franco Pirajno NIAN Hong Department of geological Science Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming Yunnan 650093 China Yunnan Non-ferrous Metals geological Bureau Kunming Yunnan 650051 China geological survey of western australia 100 Plain Street WA 6004 Australia

The Baimazhai Ni-Cu- (PGE) sulphide deposit in southeast Yunnan Province is hosted in mafic-ultramafic intrusions associated with the Permian Emeishan large igneous province. The deposit, one of several in the province, exhibits field and petrographic features suggestive of post-magmatic modification. The mafic-ultramafic intrusions that host the Baimazhai sulphide ores show near-pervasive to pervasive hydrothermal alteration, with the sulphides be- ing spatially associated with hydrothermal minerals such as biotite, amphibole and chlorite. This intimate association suggests that the sulphide ores were subjected to deformational and hydrothermal redistribution and textural changes resulting in disseminated and brecciated ores. Geochemically the Baimazhai sulphide ores are enriched in Cu, Pd and Au which, according to published studies, reflects the action of hydrothermal fluids. Interestingly, Ar-Ar age data yielded plateau ages of about 160-170 Ma, which also supports the modification features of the sulfide ores.

关键词： mafic-ultramafic intrusions Ni-Cu-(PGE) mineralization Ar-Ar dating sulphide remobilization Baimazhai

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Felsic Magmatic Evolution and the Role of Post-Collisional Process in Continental Crustal Growth at Convergent Margins: Insights from the western Part of the Central Qilian Belt, Northwestern China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第A2期89卷 92-93页

作者： WANG Chao LI Rong-She SMITHIES R. Hugh LI Meng PENG Yan State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics Department of Geology Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China Xi'an Center of geological survey China Geological Survey Xi'an 710054 China geological survey of western australia 100 Plain Street East Perth WA 6004 Australia

Long-lived early Palaeozoic magmatism in the Qilian orogen, of the Northeastern Tibet Plateau, formed an extensive linear belt of plutonic and volcanic rocks as a result of subduction of the Proto-Tethyan Ocean beneat... 详细信息

关键词： FELSIC rocks RESEARCH MAGMATISM GEOCHEMISTRY ZIRCON ISOTOPES PALEOZOIC Era

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SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Dating of Alkaline Dykes in the Pobei Area,Beishan Rift,Xinjiang Autonomous Region,China:Implications for Tectonic Setting and Mantle Plume Events

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第4期86卷 879-884页

作者： MAO Jingwen Franco PIRAJNO ZHANG Zuoheng WAN Yusheng MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological Sciences geological survey of western australia 100 Plain StreetEast PerthWA 6004Australia MLR key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment Institute of Mineral ResourcesChinese Academy of Geological Sciences Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences

In the Beishan rift in the eastern Tianshan orogen, Xinjiang Province, a N-S-trending dyke swarm is present in the Pobei area. The swarm cuts through the 270-290 Ma mafic-ultramafic intrusions associated with Ni-Cu sulphide mineralization. These mafic-ultramafic intrusions are typically found along E-W major faults in the Tianshan orogenic belts. We report SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from a dyke of alkaline composition, which yielded a mean age of 252~9 Ma. Alkaline dykes of the same age are found in the Altay region of Siberia. This age is younger than the 270-290 Ma intraplate magmatic events that produced the mafic-ultramafic intrusions in the region, but in general agreement with the 250-260 Ma Permian plume event that gave rise to the Siberian traps and the Emeishan flood basalts in SW China. We suggest that there is a link between the Emeishan event and the dyke swarm in the Beishan rift and that the intraplate magmatism at 270-290 Ma reflects an early stage of mantle plume activity. The N-S trending dyke swarm in the Beishan rift may represent a later stage in the evolution of mantle plume activity in the NW and SW of China. We also speculate that in Beishan rift and possibly elsewhere in the Tianshan region, the dykes fed basaltic volcanism, whose products have since been eroded due to the strong uplift of the Tianshan orogen as a result of the IndiaEurasia collision in the Cenozoic.

关键词： Alkaline dykes SHRIMP tectonic setting mantle plume China

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Fluidization: An Important Process in the Formation of the Qiyugou Au-bearing Breccia Pipes in Central China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第2期81卷 226-238页

作者： ZHANG Yuanhou ZHANG Shihong Franco PIRAJNO College of Earth Sciences Jilin University Changchun Jilin 130061 China State Key Laboratory of geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China geological survey of western australia 100 Plain Street Perth WA6004 Australia

Fluidization processes based on experiments are reviewed to gain some useful insights and comparisons with those that occur in hydrothermal systems. Field and petrographic work, and microscope observation were carried out on samples from the Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes from the East Qinling region, Henan Province. Evidence from macro- and micro-textures suggests that the style of breccias in the Qiyugou area can be grouped into three types：（1） jigsaw fit-stockwork texture, in which the interval between clasts is marked by fractures or filled with calcite or quartz veins; （2） larger breccias that are supported by smaller breccias, rock flour and alteration materials; in this type clasts moved over short distances, creating open spaces; （3） fluidized texture, where the clasts of different lithologies have rounded shapes. These observations are compared with those resulting from experiments on fluidization processes. The results of this comparison suggest that fluidization is an important geological process in the formation of the Qiyugou Au-bearing breccia pipes and gold mineralization. In addition, fluidization processes such as expansion, bubbling, slugging, channeling and spouting must have contributed to the formation of the pipes and were conducive to the development of gold mineralization. In the Qiyugou breccia pipes, gold mineralization occurs as disseminations, in stockwork veins, and open space infills. The ore zones form subparallel sheets that are nearly perpendicular to the walls of the pipes.

关键词： fluidization breccia pipe gold mineralization Qiyugou Cretaceous Henan Qinling China

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Evolution of the Mesozoic Granites in the Xiong'ershan-Waifangshan Region,western Henan Province,China,and Its Tectonic Implications

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2007年第2期81卷 253-265页

作者： NAN Yigui ZHANG Shihong Franco PIRAJNO ZHANG Yuanhou State Key Laboratory geological Processes ana Minerat Resources China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083 China geological survey of western australia 100 Plain Street East Perth WA 6004 Australia The College of Earth Sciences Jilin University Changchun 130061 China

Based on the new data of isotopic ages and geochemical analyses, three types of Mesozoic granites have been identified for the Xiong＇ershan-Waifangshan region in western Henan Province： high-Ba-Sr I-type granite emplaced in the early stage （-160 Ma）, I-type granite in the middle stage （-130 Ma） and anorogenic A-type granite in the late stage （-115 Ma）. Geochemical characteristics of the high-Ba-Sr I-type granite suggest that it may have been generated from the thickened lower crust by partial melting with primary residues of amphibole and garnet. Gradual increase of negative Eu anomaly and Sr content variations reflect progressive shallowing of the source regions of these granites from the early to late stage. New ^40Ar/^39Ar plateau ages of the early-stage Wuzhangshan granite （156.0±1.1 Ma, amphibole） and middle-stage Heyu granite （131.8±0.7 Ma, biotite） are indistinguishable from their SHRIMP U-Pb ages previous published, indicating a rapid uplift and erosion in this region. The representative anorogenic A- type granite, Taishanmiao pluton, was emplaced at -115 Ma. The evolution of the granites in this region reveals a tectonic regime change from post-collisional to anorogenic between -160 Ma and -115 Ma. The genesis of the early- and middle-stage I-type granites could be linked to delamination of subducted lithosphere of the Qinling orogenic belt, while the late-stage A-type granites represent the onset of extension and the end of orogenic process. In fact, along the Qiniing -Dabie-Sulu belt, the Mesozoic granitoids in western Henan, Dabieshan and Jiaodong regions are comparable on the basis of these temporal evolutionary stages and their initial ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios, which may suggest a similar geodynamic process related to the collision between the North China and Yangtze cratous.

关键词： granite Mesozoic high Ba-Sr, ^40Ar/^39Ar dating post-collision anorogenic western Henan

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Hydrothermal Processes in the Solar System：A Review

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地质科技情报 2008年第1期27卷 1-12页

作者： Franco PIRAJNO Martin J. Van KRANENDONK Long XIAO geological survey of western australia 100 Plain Street Perth WA 6004 Australia Research Center forSpace Science ＆ Technology Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China

最近美国航空与空间计划署(NASA)开展的卡西尼—惠更斯外空探测计划发现,在直径为500km的卫星——土卫二上存在水冰和间隙泉的喷发活动。这一现象和在火星上工作的"机遇号"和"勇气号"漫游车所发现的液态水一起,证明了除地球以外的其他... 详细信息

最近美国航空与空间计划署(NASA)开展的卡西尼—惠更斯外空探测计划发现,在直径为500km的卫星——土卫二上存在水冰和间隙泉的喷发活动。这一现象和在火星上工作的"机遇号"和"勇气号"漫游车所发现的液态水一起,证明了除地球以外的其他星球上过去和现在都存在水,其中的一些星体还有火山活动的证据,这意味着这些星球上可能存在过热液活动地质过程。讨论了火星、木卫二和土卫二可能存在的热液系统类型。这些热液系统类型是根据地球上的构造背景进行相似性研究后得出的,例如海底、火山和裂谷系统。将东非裂谷和贝加尔湖裂谷系统与火星Tharsis高原上巨大的水手大峡谷进行了对比,这些地区都是由地幔柱作用下构造—热液活动导致的地壳抬升、火山和裂谷作用。在火星上,地下冰或低温层会在火山活动和(或)小行星或彗星撞击作用下溶解而形成热液对流。

关键词：热液活动过程火星木卫二土卫二

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