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Full scale amendment of a contaminated wood impregnation site with iron water treatment residues

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第4期10卷 169-178页

作者： Sanne Skov NIELSEN Peter KJELDSEN Rasmus JAKOBSEN Orbicon Ringstedvej 20 DK-4000 Roskilde Denmark Department of Environmental Engineering Technical University of Denmark Miljovej 113 DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Oster Voldgade 10 DK-1350 Copenhagen K Denmark

Iron water treatment residues （Fe-WTR） are a free by-product of the treatment of drinking water with high concentration of iron oxides and potential for arsenic sorption. This paper aims at applying Fe- WTR to a contaminated site, measuring the reduction in contaminant leaching, and discussing the design of delivery and mixing strategy for soil stabilization at field scale and present a cost-effective method of soil mixing by connnon contractor machinery. Soil contaminated by As, Cr, and Cu at an abandoned wood impregnation site was amended with 0.22% （dw） Fe-WTR. To evaluate the full scale amendment a 100 mtest site and a control site （without amendment） were monitored for 14 months. Also soil analysis of Fe to evaluate the degree of soil and Fe-WTR mixing was done. Stabilization with Fe-WTR had a significant effect on leachable contaminants, reducing pore water As by 93%, Cu by 91% and Cr by 95% in the upper samplers. Dosage and mixing of Fe-WTR in the soil proved to be difficult in the deeper part of the field, and Pire water concentrations of arsenic was generally higher.Despite water logged conditions no increase in dissolved iron or arsenic was observed in the amended soil. Our field scale amendment of contaminated soil was overall successful in decreasing leaching of As, Cr and Cu. With minor improvements in the mixing and delivery strategy, this stabilization method is suggested for use in cases, where leaching ofCu, Cr and As constitutes a risk for groundwater and freshwater.

关键词： Field experiment Iron oxide Arsenic Stabilization Wood preservation sites

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Features and evaluation of sea/saltwater intrusion in southern Laizhou Bay

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2016年第2期4卷 141-148页

作者： LIU Hong-wei Klaus Hisby ZHOU Yang-xiao MA Zhen CHEN She-ming GUO Xu Tianj in Center of geological survey China Geological SurveyTianj in 300170China Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland CopenhagenDenmark UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education DelftThe Netherlands

Understanding the degree of sea/saltwater intrusion in coastal regions is of great significance to treating the intrusion and improving the environment. Based on the character analysis of the sea/saltwater intrusion, five factors were selected in the fuzzy-synthetical evaluation approach to form the index system, so as to evaluate the degree of sea/saltwater intrusion in southern Laizhou Bay. The results show that the sea/saltwater intrusion is stronger in the middle and northern areas and weaker on the sides and in southern area; currently, the intrusion is relatively serious, and the intrusion area has covered about 68.2% of the areas under study, among which the heavily intruded area is over 50%. Based on the factors analysis of the occurrence and development of sea/saltwater intrusion, the thesis proposes treatment measures.

关键词： Sea/saltwater intrusion Evaluation Hydro-chemical indicator Laizhou Bay

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A method to evaluate REE-HFSE mineralised provinces by value creation potential, and an example of application: Gardar REE-HFSE province, greenland

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第6期11卷 2141-2156页

作者： Graham J.Banks Símun D.Olsen Antonio Gusak Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Øster Voldgade 10DK-1350CopenhagenDenmark Permanent Address:Route to Reserves Ulriksdalvej 13Valby2500CopenhagenDenmark University of Copenhagen Øster Voldgade 10DK-1350CopenhagenDenmark

The rare earth elements and high-field-strength elements(REE-HFSE)exploration sector conducts most evaluations at deposit and smaller scales.It is not evident how the sector performs a preceding exploration stage—rating and prioritising REE-HFSE mineralised provinces—to determine which provinces are prospective enough to warrant investment.Here we present an objective,repeatable,low-cost method to screen any REE-HFSE province,as a foundation for district-scale investigations or asset evaluations.It is original for REE-HFSE screening,and adapted from regional scale copper,cobalt and petroleum exploration,and CO2 storage,screening methods.It is centred upon a mineralised province’s favourability for potential value creation,and to identify:(a)its main information gaps;(b)its weakest links;(c)its exploration maturity and remaining potential category;(d)how it compares against other REE-HFSE provinces;and(e)if further investigation is justified.This method incorporates geoscience,strategy,economic and socio-environmental factors in a way that is understandable and directly usable across stakeholder groups.The workflow is systematic,yet flexible enough to accommodate organisationspecific criteria,and usable for other commodities.It provides the platform to build a global REE-HFSE province map and database consistently across national boundaries and organisations.Categories for the extent of province exploration maturity and remaining mineral potential are proposed.We illustrate the applicability of these methods using the Gardar REE-HFSE Province(GRHP)of south greenland.We conclude that it is a moderate size,frontier province that is currently of questionable favourability for value creation.To move GRHP into a positive favourability class,its current weak links need strengthening by research,government policy and industry stakeholders:evaluate the mineral system;integrate all information geospatially and place it in the public domain;help the region improve some community health and safety issues;convert some mineral

关键词： REE HFSE Province Screening Favourability Value

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Field scale interaction and nutrient exchange between surface water and shallow groundwater in the Baiyang Lake region,North China Plain

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第7期28卷 60-75页

作者： Bentje Brauns Poul L.Bjerg Xianfang Song Rasmus Jakobsen Department of Environmental Engineering Technical University of Denmark State Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland

Fertilizer input for agricultural food production, as well as the discharge of domestic and industrial water pollutants, increases pressures on locally scarce and vulnerable water resources in the North China Plain. In order to：（a） understand pollutant exchange between surface water and groundwater,（b） quantify nutrient loadings, and（c） identify major nutrient removal pathways by using qualitative and quantitative methods, including the geochemical model PHREEQC） a one-year study at a wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） and maize（Zea mays L.） double cropping system in the Baiyang Lake area in Hebei Province, China, was undertaken. The study showed a high influence of low-quality surface water on the shallow aquifer. Major inflowing pollutants into the aquifer were ammonium and nitrate via inflow from the adjacent Fu River（up to 29.8 mg/L NH4-N and 6.8 mg/L NO3-N）, as well as nitrate via vertical transport from the field surface（up to 134.8 mg/L NO3-N in soil water）. Results from a conceptual model show an excess nitrogen input of about 320 kg/ha/a. Nevertheless,both nitrogen species were only detected at low concentrations in shallow groundwater,averaging at 3.6 mg/L NH4-N and 1.8 mg/L NO3-N. Measurement results supported by PHREEQC-modeling indicated cation exchange, denitrification, and anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled with partial denitrification as major nitrogen removal pathways. Despite the current removal capacity, the excessive nitrogen fertilization may pose a future threat to groundwater quality. Surface water quality improvements are therefore recommended in conjunction with simultaneous monitoring of nitrate in the aquifer, and reduced agricultural N-inputs should be considered.

关键词： Groundwater pollution North China Plain Surface water–groundwater interaction Wheat–maize double cropping Nitrogen Anammox

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Corundum formation by metasomatic reactions in Archean metapelite,SW greenland:Exploration vectors for ruby deposits within high-grade greenstone belts

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第3期9卷 727-749页

作者： Chris Yakymchuk Kristoffer Szilas Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Waterloo200 University Ave WestWaterlooOntario N2L 3G1Canada Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland(GEUS) Oter Voldgade 101350 Copenhagen KDenmark

Corundum(ruby-sapphire) is known to have formed in situ within Archean metamorphic rocks at several localities in the North Atlantic Craton of greenland. Here we present two case studies for such occurrences:(1) Maniitsoq region(Kangerdluarssuk), where kyanite paragneiss hosts ruby corundum, and(2)Nuuk region(Stor?), where sillimanite gneiss hosts ruby corundum. At both occurrences, ultramafic rocks(amphibole-peridotite) are in direct contact with the ruby-bearing zones, which have been transformed to mica schist by metasomatic reactions. The bulk-rock geochemistry of the ruby-bearing rocks is consistent with significant depletion of SiO_2 in combination with addition of Al_2O_3, MgO, K_2O,Th and Sr relative to an assumed aluminous precursor metapelite. Phase equilibria modelling supports ruby genesis from the breakdown of sillimanite and kyanite at elevated temperatures due to the removal of SiO_2. The juxtaposition of relatively silica-and aluminum-rich metasedimentary rocks with low silica ultramafic rocks established a chemical potential gradient that leached/mobilized SiO_2 allowing corundum to stabilize in the former rocks. Furthermore, addition of Al_2O_3 via a metasomatic reaction is required, because Al/Ti is fractionated between the aluminous precursor metapelites and the resulting corundum-bearing mica schist. We propose that Al was mobilized either by complexation with hydroxide at alkaline conditions, or that Al was transported as K-Al-Si-O polymers at deep crustal levels.The three main exploration vectors for corundum within Archean greenstone belts are:(1) amphiboliteto granulite-facies metamorphic conditions,(2) the juxtaposition of ultramafic rocks and aluminous metapelite, and(3) mica-rich reactions zones at their interface.

关键词： Ultramafic rocks Kyanite Sillimanite Metasomatism Pseudosection Desilicification

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Organic geochemical and petrographic characteristics of the Cambrian-Ordovician organic-rich marine shales in Scandinavia

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 2637-2647页

作者： Xiao-Wei Zheng Niels-HSchovsbo Lei-Bo Bian Arka Rudra Hamed Sanei Lithospheric Organic Carbon(LOC)Group Department of GeoscienceAarhus University8000Denmark Department of Reservoir Geology Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland(GEUS)Oster Voldgade 10Dk-1350Copenhagen KDenmark Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing 100083China

This work used organic geochemistry and organic petrology to study the depositional environment,organic matter characteristics,and thermal maturity of the Cambrian-Ordovician organic-rich marine shales in the Baltic Basin.The main macerals in Cambrian samples include alginite,bituminite and solid bitumen,while zooclastic macerals become the major proportion of organic matter in the Ordovician samples.As the maturity increase,solid bitumen becomes abundant and dispersed.Semifusinite-like maceral was observed only in Furongian of well DBH15/73,which probably indicates the local intrusion of Permo-Carboniferous dolerite dikes.The programmed pyrolysis results show that immature,early mature,and over-mature samples are developed.However,the data of high-uranium Furongian samples were greatly altered by igneous intrusives from local dikes.HIo calculation model is simulated based on pyrolysis data and fitted according to the least-square fitting method.The simulated fitting HIo:400mg HC/g TOC(369.5 mg HC/g TOC,430.5 mg HC/g TOC as 95%confidence bounds)is within the worldwide marine shale HI_(o)and indicates a marine anoxia and transgressive sea with shallow water column(organofacies B).

关键词： Lower paleozoic Organic petrology Initial hydrogen index Original geochemical properties

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Paleoproterozoic evolution of Fennoscandia and greenland

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Episodes 2008年第1期31卷 20-28页

作者： Raimo Lahtinen Adam A. Garde Victor A. Melezhik geological survey of Finland P.O. Box 96 F1-02151 Espoo Finland. Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Фster Voldgade 10 DK-1350 Copenhagen K Denmark. geological survey of Norway N-7491 Trondheim Norway University of Bergen N-5007 Bergen Norway.

The Paleoproterozoic evolution of Fennoscandia and greenland can be divided into major rifting and orogenic stages. The Paleoproterozoic rifting of Fennoscandia started with 2.505-2.1 Ga, multi-phase, southwest-prograding, intraplate rifting. Both Fennoscandia and greenland experienced 2.1-2.04 Ga drifting and separation of their Archean cratons by newly formed oceans. The main Paleoproterozoic orogenic evolution of Fennoscandia resulted in the Lapland-Kola orogen (1.94-1.86 Ga) and the composite Svecofennian orogen (1.92-1.79 Ga). The Paleoproterozoic orogens in greenland, from north to south, are the Inglefield mobile belt (1.95-1.92 Ga), the Rinkian fold belt/Nagssugtoqidian orogen (1.88-1.83 Ga) and the Ketilidian orogen (c. 1.8 Ga). The Lapland-Kola orogen, Inglefield mobile belt and the Rinkian fold belt/Nagssugtoqidian orogen are continent-continent collision zones with limited formation of new Paleoproterozoic crust, whereas the Ketilidian orogen displays a convergent plate-tectonic system, without subsequent collision. The composite Svecofennian orogen is responsible for the main Paleoproterozoic crustal growth of Fennoscandia.

关键词：演化过程地球科学格陵兰岛芬诺斯坎底亚

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地下水中甲基叔丁醚（MTBE）和其他有机微污染物的监测——丹麦国家监测项目成果

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水文地质工程地质技术方法动态 2007年第5期 14-23页

作者： Rene K. Juhler Gitte Felding 赵玉军（翻译）苑惠明（校对） Department of Geochemistry Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland GEUS Фster Voldgade 10 DK- 1350 Copenhagen Denmark

本文提供了采于1115个水井过滤器的7671个地下水样的分析结果（1993—2001年，丹麦国家地下水监测项目）。在丹麦，地下水被广泛用作饮用水。丹麦国家地下水监测项目的目标。是描述地下水的现状、发育以及地下水受到的影响。本文对丹麦... 详细信息

本文提供了采于1115个水井过滤器的7671个地下水样的分析结果（1993—2001年，丹麦国家地下水监测项目）。在丹麦，地下水被广泛用作饮用水。丹麦国家地下水监测项目的目标。是描述地下水的现状、发育以及地下水受到的影响。本文对丹麦国家地下水监测项目的计划进行了描述，并提供了该项目所获得的相关数据。数据主要来源于被监测地区。所补充的数据包括约6000个供水井的供水系统的监测数据。除了农药（杀虫剂）之外。还必须着重考虑可能引起地下水污染的许多其他有机化合物。以监测项目所得出的监测数据为基础，对这些有机化合物的来源及其对地下水的污染状况，进行了讨论。根据化学性质，对所监测的有机微污染物进行分类：芳香烃；氯酚；洗涤剂；卤化脂族烃；醚（MTBE）；苯酚和邻苯二甲陵盐（或酞酸盐）。所监测地区范围内普遍存在的化合物是：甲苯（18．7％）、苯酚（14．6％）、二甲苯（10．9％）、三氯甲烷（9．5％）和苯（8．8％）。浓度常大于丹麦饮用水的最大残留限量（MRL）的5种化合物是：二丁基酞酸盐（d．buthylphthalate）（28％）、苯酚（14％）、2,4．二氯苯酚（10％）、三氯甲烷（10％）和五氯苯酚（7％）。总的来说。在1993-2001年的监测期间。在1115个被监测的水井过滤器当中，57．8％的过滤器被检测出至少含有一种或者多种化合物。所有有机化合物的年平均出现率为19％。

关键词： BTEX 氯酚洗涤剂饮用水地下水微污染物监测 MTBE 苯酚邻苯二甲酸盐

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Lesson Learnt from the 2004 Tsunami:The Effect of Well Cleaning on Groundwater Quality in Coastal Aquifers in Sri Lanka

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 18-19页

作者： Meththika Vithanage K.G.Villholth K.Mahatantila P.Engesgaard K.H.Jensen Department of Geography and Geology University of Copenhagen Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Department of Material Science Interdisciplinary Faculty of Science and EngineeringShimane University

On December 26,2004,the Indian Ocean tsunami waves hit Sri Lanka resulting in the devastation of the coastal aquifers from saltwater contamination.In an attempt to speed up the cleaning process of the contaminated water in wells,large-scale and intensive campaigns went into cleaning and rehabilitating wells through pumping out saline water(physical cleansing). However,it was unclear whether these attempts improved the well-water quality,especially in terms of salinity due to density driven flow and solute transport phenomenon.Changes in water quality of a sand aquifer on the east coast of Sri Lanka owing to the December 26,2004 tsunami and

关键词： groundwater quality coastal aquifers Sri Lanka Tsunami

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欧洲二氧化碳地质封存能力评价——欧盟地质封存潜力项目

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水文地质工程地质技术方法动态 2010年第3期 1-6页

作者： Thomas Vangkilde-Pedersen（等）赵玉军（翻译）孙建平（校对） Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland （GEUS） Oester Voldgade 10 DK- 1350 Copenhagen K Denmark British geological survey （BGS） Keyworth Nottingham NG 12 5GG UK 不详

欧盟地质封存潜力项目的工作重点是欧洲二氧化碳点源、基础设施以及地质封存的GIS编图。该项目的主要目标是评价欧洲深部咸水含水层、油气构造与煤层中二氧化碳的地质封存能力。其他优先考虑的事项是进一步开发地质封存能力评价、经济... 详细信息

欧盟地质封存潜力项目的工作重点是欧洲二氧化碳点源、基础设施以及地质封存的GIS编图。该项目的主要目标是评价欧洲深部咸水含水层、油气构造与煤层中二氧化碳的地质封存能力。其他优先考虑的事项是进一步开发地质封存能力评价、经济模拟与场地选择的方法，以及开展国际合作，尤其是与中国合作。欧盟地质封存潜力项目成果包括适于二氧化碳地质封存的25个国家和欧洲大多数沉积盆地。

关键词：开发地质能力评价二氧化碳封存欧洲欧盟国际合作基础设施

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