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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 36-50页

作者： Jin-feng Ren Hai-jun Qiu Zeng-gui Kuang Ting-wei Li Yu-lin He Meng-jie Xu Xiao-xue Wang Hong-fei Lai Jin Liang National Engineering Research Center of Gas Hydrate Exploration and Development Guangzhou 511458China Guangzhou Marine geological survey China Geological SurveyGuangzhou 511458China China geological survey Ministtry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China

Many locations with concentrated hydrates at vents have confirmed the presence of abundant thermogenic gas in the middle of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDNB).However,the impact of deep structures on gasbearing fluids migration and gas hydrates distribution in tectonically inactive regions is still unclear.In this study,the authors apply high-resolution 3D seismic and logging while drilling(LWD)data from the middle of the QDNB to investigate the influence of deep-large faults on gas chimneys and preferred gasescape pipes.The findings reveal the following:(1)Two significant deep-large faults,F1 and F2,developed on the edge of the Songnan Low Uplift,control the dominant migration of thermogenic hydrocarbons and determine the initial locations of gas chimneys.(2)The formation of gas chimneys is likely related to fault activation and reactivation.Gas chimney 1 is primarily arises from convergent fluid migration resulting from the intersection of the two faults,while the gas chimney 2 benefits from a steeper fault plane and shorter migration distance of fault F2.(3)Most gas-escape pipes are situated near the apex of the two faults.Their reactivations facilitate free gas flow into the GHSZ and contribute to the formation of fracture‐filling hydrates.

关键词： Venting gas hydrates Deep-large faults Gas chimney Gas-escape pipes High-resolution 3D seismic Logging while drilling Qiongdongnan Basin South China Sea

Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Early Triassic Nianzi Adakitic Granite Unit in the Yanshan Fold and Thrust Belt:New Constraints from U-Pb Geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopes

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 50-66页

作者： ZHANG Huijun WU Chu HE Fubing WANG Biren CUI Yubin LIU Zhenghua YOU Shina DONG Jing Development and Research Center of the China geological survey Beijing 100037China Beijing Institute of the geological survey Beijing 100095China Institute of Disaster Prevention LangfangHebei 065201China

The Nianzi granite unit,which includes the Nianzi,Xiaolianghou and Xiawopu granitic intrusions,is a significant component of the northern part of the North China Craton(NCC)and is situated in the Yanshan fold and thrust belt(YFTB).However,there is still debate regarding the tectonic evolutionary history of the YFTB during the late Permian to Triassic period,specifically regarding the timing of subduction and collision between the NCC and the Paleo-Asian Ocean.The Nianzi granite unit exhibits unique petrological,geochronological and geochemical signatures that shed light on the tectonic evolutionary history of the YFTB.This study presents detailed petrology,whole-rock geochemistry,together with Sr-Nd isotopic,zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic data of the granites within the Nianzi granite unit.Our findings demonstrate that the granites primarily consist of subhedral K-feldspar,plagioclase,quartz,minor biotite and hornblende,with accessory titanite,apatite,magnetite and zircon.Zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the Xiaolianghou granite was emplaced at 247.5±0.62 Ma.Additionally,the adakitic characteristics of the Nianzi,Xiawopu and Xiaolianghou granitic intrusions,such as high Sr and Ba contents and high ratios of Sr/Y and(La/Yb)N,combined with negative Sr-Nd and Lu-Hf isotopes(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.705681–0.7057433,εNd(t)=−21.98 to−20.97,zirconεHf(t)=−20.26 to−9.92,as well as the I-type granite features of high SiO_(2),Na_(2)O and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratios,enriched Rb,K,Sr and Ba,along with depleted Th,U,Nb,Ta,P and Ti,suggest that the Nianzi granitic unit was mainly derived from the partial melting of a thickened lower crust containing hydrous,calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline,mafic to intermediate metamorphic rocks.In light of these parameters,we further integrate our data with previous studies and conclude that the Nianzi granitic unit was generated in a post-collisional extensional environment during the Early Triassic.

关键词： tectonic evolution zircon geochronology Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes Nianzi granite unit Yanshan fold and thrust belt

Carbon emission reduction:Contribution of photovoltaic power and practice in China

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China Geology 2024年第2期7卷 371-376页

作者： Liang Wang Li-qiong Jia Geng Xie Xi-jie Chen Yang Liu Natural Resources Integrated survey Command Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100055China Development and Research Center China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100037China Center for Geophysical survey China Geological SurveyLangfang 065000China

As a clean and renewable form of energy,photovoltaic(PV)power generation converts solar energy into electrical energy,reducing the consumption of fossil fuels and significantly lowering greenhouse gas emissions.Amidst the global transition towards cleaner forms of energy,countries all around the world are vigorously developing PV technology.

关键词： convert power emissions

Zircon U-Pb ages in the Nuratau ophiolitic mélange in the southern Tianshan,Uzbekistan:Implication for the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean

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China Geology 2024年第2期7卷 365-368,I0004-I0007页

作者： Kai Weng Ji-fei Cao Divayev-Farid Karibovich Jahongir-Jurabekovich Movlanov Bo Chen Zhong-ping Ma Xi’an Center of geological survey China Geological SurveyXi’an 710119China The Center for Geoinnovation Technologies Doctor of Sciences in Geology and Mineralogy University of Geological ScienceTashkent 100060Uzbekistan

1.Objective The Central Asian Orogenic Belt(CAOB),which is located between the European craton,Siberian craton,and Tarim-North China craton(Fig.1a),is the largest phanerozoic accretionary orogen in the world.It resulted from the longterm subduction and accretion of the Paleo-Asian Ocean(PAO).The PAO has been in existence since at least the late Mesoproterozoic(about 1020 Ma).However,there has been debate about the closing time of the PAO.

关键词： Asian Paleo Tianshan

Offshore high-grade limemud resources of west coast of India:Economic potential and industrial applications

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Deep Underground Science and Engineering 2024年第2期3卷 163-170页

作者： Anil Kumar Adukadukkam Rachna Pillai Mamatha Puthiyathara Kanakamma Marine&Coastal survey Division Geological Survey of IndiaSalt LakeKolkataWest BengalIndia

Limestone is one of the essential raw materials in the cement,paint,steel,ceramic,glass,chemical,pharmaceutical,paper,and fertilizer industries.In India,only 8%of the limestone resources are placed under the reserve category,of which 97%is of cement grade.Thus,India depends on imports to bridge the demand‐supply gap of steel,blast furnace,and chemical‐grade limestone.Efforts of geological survey of India(GSI)to locate alternate sources for limestone led to the discovery of enormous quantities of carbonate minerals called limemud from the continental shelf margin of the west coast of India.GSI carried out systematic studies to explore the nature of the disposition,quality,quantity,and suitability of the offshore limemud for various industrial applications.A preliminary estimate of resources using high‐resolution subbottom profiling and sediment core sample studies established the occurrence of more than 172 billion tonnes of high‐grade(The content of CaCO3 is greater than 80 wt%)limemud in 0.4–28.0m thick stratified sediment layers spread over an area of 18000 km2.Chemical,physical,mineralogical,beneficiation,and agglomeration studies found the offshore limemud as a potential replacement for limestone in the cement,filler,blast furnace,steel melting shop,lime production,paint,and Grade‐I steel industries.An assessment of mining and transportation costs indicates that the offshore limemud(USD 5–6/ton)is more cost‐effective than that imported from other countries(USD16‐18/ton).With several advantageous factors like low impurity,mode of occurrence in overburden‐free stratified form,fine‐grained slurry nature,and shallow water depth,sustainable mining of offshore limemud could be a future reality with controllable technological,economic,and environmental challenges.

关键词： beneficiation industrial grade offshore limemud west coast of India

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Significant lake expansion has accelerated permafrost degradation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 68-83页

作者： LI Qingpeng LIU Wenhui LIU Hairui ZHOU Guanghao SONG Xianteng LI Qing LUO Bingnan SONG Bangxu ZHANG Qi Department of geological Engineering Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China College of Eco-Environmental Engineering Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Xining Center for Integrated Natural Resources survey China Geological SurveyXining 810000China

In recent years, lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have become more responsive to climate change. In September 2011, Zonag Lake in Hoh Xil experienced sudden drainage, the water eventually flowed into Yanhu Lake, which caused Yanhu Lake to continue to expand. The potential collapse of Yanhu Lake could directly threaten the operational safety of the adjacent Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Qinghai-Tibet Railway. To explore the implications of expanding lakes on the surrounding permafrost, we selected Hoh Xil Yanhu Lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to study the effect of lake expansion on permafrost degradation. The permafrost degradation in the Yanhu Lake basin from October 2017 to December 2022 was inverted using Sentinel-1 satellite image data and small baseline subset interferometry synthetic aperture radar(SBAS-In SAR) technology. Additionally, permafrost degradation from February 2007 and February 2010 was analyzed using advanced land observing satellite phased array-type L-band synthetic aperture radar(ALOS PALSAR) satellite images and differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar(D-In SAR) technique. The results showed that the permafrost around Yanhu Lake experienced accelerated degradation. Prior to the expansion of Yanhu Lake, the average annual deformation rate along the line of sight(LOS) direction was 6.7 mm/yr. After the expansion, the rate increased to 20.9 mm/yr. The integration of spatial-temporal distribution maps of surface subsidence, Wudaoliang borehole geothermal data, meteorological data, Yanhu Lake surface area changes, and water level changes supports the assertion that the intensified permafrost degradation could be attributed to lake expansion rather than the rising air temperature. Furthermore, permafrost degradation around Yanhu Lake could impact vital infrastructure such as the adjacent Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Qinghai-Tibet Railway.

关键词： Lake expansion SBAS-InSAR D-InSAR Permafrost deformation Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Timing and Tectonic Setting of the Gaoaobei TungstenMolybdenum Deposit in Nanling Range, South China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 890-904页

作者： Jianfeng Li Kemeng Ma Youyue Lu Jianming Fu Shunbo Cheng Yuan Li Chuanbiao Li College of Geographical Science Liaoning Normal UniversityDalian 116029China Wuhan Center of geological survey China Geological SurveyWuhan 430205China Granite Diagenesis and Mineralization Geology Research Center China Geological SurveyWuhan 430205China Mineral Resources survey Institute of Hunan Province Changsha 410083China

The Gaoaobei tungsten-molybdenum deposit is a newly discovered large-scale quartzvein-type deposit in the Nanling metallogenic belt in South China.The ore bodies are hosted in the Indosinian granites and the Cambrian Xiangnan Group slates and are controlled by NWW-oriented faults,which are obviously different from the“five-story building”model in southern Jiangxi Province.The magmatic rocks in the study area are dominated by medium-to coarse-grained biotite monzogranite,with a few NW-oriented fine-grained granite dykes.The medium-to coarse-grained biotite monzogranite and fine-grained granite dykes have zircon U-Pb ages of 229.4±1.9 Ma(MSWD=1.5)and 164.9±3.3 Ma(MSWD=0.75),respectively,corresponding to the Indosinian and Yanshanian magmatism.The monzogranites have higher contents of FeO,CaO,K2O,P2O5,and TiO2,while the granite dykes have slightly higher contents of SiO2,Al2O3,MnO,and Na2O.Their A/CNK values are 1.11-1.75 and 1.19-2.25,and the contents of CIPW normative corundum are 1.71%-6.66%and 2.41%-9.50%,suggesting both the monzogranites and granite dykes are S-type granite.The total amount of rare earth elements in the monzogranites(from 84.7 ppm to 129 ppm)is slightly lower than that in the granite dykes(from 128 ppm to 133 ppm).The Eu/Eu*values range from 0.12 to 0.30 in monzogranites and from 0.0011 to 0.0013 in granite dykes,indicating the fine-grained granites underwent more intense fractional crystallization.The monzogranite and granite dykes have high 87Sr/86Sri values of 0.7169-0.7193 and 0.72825-0.72880,lowεNd(t)values ranging from-10.2 to-9.6 and from-11.5 to-11.4,and TDM2 ages of 1835-1785 and 1957-1946 Ma,respectively.These isotope data indicate their origin from the remelting of the Paleoproterozoic crustal materials.Combined with regional geology,it is concluded that the medium-to coarse-grained biotite monzogranite was formed in a post-collisional extensional environment.In addition,40Ar-39Ar dating of the greisen type tungsten-molybdenum ore gave consistent plateau age of 164.0±1.2 Ma,isochrona

关键词： zircon U-Pb age 40Ar-39Ar age geochemistry tungsten molybdenum deposit Gaoaobei Nanling Range.

geological conditions and reservoir characteristics of various shales in major shalehosted regions of China

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China Geology 2024年第1期7卷 138-149页

作者： Shu-jing Bao Tian-xu Guo Jin-tao Yin Wei-bin Liu Sheng-jian Wang Hao-han Li Zhi Zhou Shi-zhen Li Xiang-lin Chen The Key Laboratory of Unconventional Petroleum Geology China Geological SurveyMinistry of Natural Resources100083 BeijingChina Oil and Gas survey China Geological Survey100083 BeijingChina Research Institute of Yanchang Petroleum(Group)CO.LTD 710076 Xi’anChina

China is home to shales of three facies:Marine shale,continental shale,and marine-continental transitional shale.Different types of shale gas are associated with significantly different formation conditions and major controlling factors.This study compared the geological characteristics of various shales and analyzed the influences of different parameters on the formation and accumulation of shale gas.In general,shales in China’s several regions exhibit high total organic carbon(TOC)contents,which lays a sound material basis for shale gas generation.Marine strata generally show high degrees of thermal evolution.In contrast,continental shales manifest low degrees of thermal evolution,necessitating focusing on areas with relatively high degrees of thermal evolution in the process of shale gas surveys for these shales.The shales of the Wufeng and Silurian formations constitute the most favorable shale gas reservoirs since they exhibit the highest porosity among the three types of shales.These shales are followed by those in the Niutitang and Longtan formations.In contrast,the shales of the Doushantuo,Yanchang,and Qingshankou formations manifest low porosities.Furthermore,the shales of the Wufeng and Longmaxi formations exhibit high brittle mineral contents.Despite a low siliceous mineral content,the shales of the Doushantuo Formation feature a high carbonate mineral content,which can increase the shales’brittleness to some extent.For marine-continental transitional shales,where thin interbeds of tight sandstone with unequal thicknesses are generally found,it is recommended that fracturing combined with drainage of multiple sets of lithologic strata should be employed to enhance their shale gas production.

关键词： Shale gas Marine shale Continental shale Marine-continental transitional shale Neoproterozoic-Cretaceous strata geological conditions Reservoir characteristics Petroleum geological survey engineering

Characterization and spatial analysis of coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake in the Xianshuihe fault zone, Southwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 160-181页

作者： GUO Changbao LI Caihong YANG Zhihua NI Jiawei ZHONG Ning WANG Meng YAN Yiqiu SONG Deguang ZHANG Yanan ZHANG Xianbing WU Ruian CAO Shichao SHAO Weiwei Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and geological Safety Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China Research Center of Neotectonism and Crustal Stability China Geological SurveyBeijing 100081China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Sichuan Institute of geological survey Chengdu 610081China

On September 5, 2022, a magnitude Ms 6.8 earthquake occurred along the Moxi fault in the southern part of the Xianshuihe fault zone located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,resulting in severe damage and substantial economic loss. In this study, we established a coseismic landslide database triggered by Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake, which includes 4794 landslides with a total area of 46.79 km^(2). The coseismic landslides primarily consisted of medium and small-sized landslides, characterized by shallow surface sliding. Some exhibited characteristics of high-position initiation resulted in the obstruction or partial obstruction of rivers, leading to the formation of dammed lakes. Our research found that the coseismic landslides were predominantly observed on slopes ranging from 30° to 50°, occurring at between 1000 m and 2500 m, with slope aspects varying from 90° to 180°. Landslides were also highly developed in granitic bodies that had experienced structural fracturing and strong-tomoderate weathering. Coseismic landslides concentrated within a 6 km range on both sides of the Xianshuihe and Daduhe fault zones. The area and number of coseismic landslides exhibited a negative correlation with the distance to fault lines, road networks, and river systems, as they were influenced by fault activity, road excavation, and river erosion. The coseismic landslides were mainly distributed in the southeastern region of the epicenter, exhibiting relatively concentrated patterns within the IX-degree zones such as Moxi Town, Wandong River basin, Detuo Town to Wanggangping Township. Our research findings provide important data on the coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake and reveal the spatial distribution patterns of these landslides. These findings can serve as important references for risk mitigation, reconstruction planning, and regional earthquake disaster research in the earthquake-affected area.

关键词： Luding earthquake Coseismic landslides Remote sensing interpretation Spatial distribution Xianshuihe fault Earthquake fault

Analysis of debris flow control effect and hazard assessment in Xinqiao Gully,Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake area based on numerical simulation

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China Geology 2024年第2期7卷 248-263页

作者： Chang Yang Yong-bo Tie Xian-zheng Zhang Yan-feng Zhang Zhi-jie Ning Zong-liang Li Chinese Academy of geological Sciences Beijing 100037China Chengdu Center of China geological survey China Geological SurveyChengdu 610081China Technology innovation center for risk prevention and mitigation of geohazard Ministry of Natural ResourcesChengdu 611734China Observation and Research Station of Chengdu geological Hazards Ministry of Natural ResourcesChengdu 610000China

Xinqiao Gully is located in the area of the 2008 Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake in Sichuan province,China.Based on the investigation of the 2023"6-26"Xinqiao Gully debris flow event,this study assessed the effectiveness of the debris flow control project and evaluated the debris flow hazards.Through field investigation and numerical simulation methods,the indicators of flow intensity reduction rate and storage capacity fullness were proposed to quantify the effectiveness of the engineering measures in the debris flow event.The simulation results show that the debris flow control project reduced the flow intensity by41.05%to 64.61%.The storage capacity of the dam decreases gradually from upstream to the mouth of the gully,thus effectively intercepting and controlling the debris flow.By evaluating the debris flow of different recurrence intervals,further measures are recommended for managing debris flow events.

关键词： Landslide Debris flow Hazard assessment Numerical simulation OpenLISEM Prevention and control project Wenchuan M_(s)8.0 earthquake Xinqiao Gully Sichuan province geological hazards survey engineering