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Multistate transition and coupled solid-liquid modeling of motion process of long-runout landslide

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2694-2714页

作者： Yang Gao Yueping Yin Bin Li Han Zhang Weile Wu Haoyuan Gao institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesChina Geological SurveyBeijing100081China Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and geological Safety Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing100081China China institute of geological Environment Monitoring China Geological SurveyBeijing100081China School of geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an710054China

The recognition,repetition and prediction of the post-failure motion process of long-runout landslides are key scientific problems in the prevention and mitigation of geological *** this study,a new numerical method involving LPF3D based on a multialgorithm and multiconstitutive model was proposed to simulate long-runout landslides with high precision and *** following results were obtained:(a)The motion process of landslides showed a steric effect with mobility,including gradual disintegration and *** sliding mass can be divided into three states(dense,dilute and ultradilute)in the motion process,which can be solved by three dynamic regimes(friction,collision,and inertial);(b)Coupling simulation between the solid grain and liquid phases was achieved,focusing on drag force influences;(c)Different algorithms and constitutive models were employed in phase-state *** volume fraction is an important indicator to distinguish different state types and solid‒liquid *** flume experimental results were favorably validated against long-runout landslide case data;and(d)In this method,matched dynamic numerical modeling was developed to better capture the realistic motion process of long-runout landslides,and the advantages of continuum media and discrete media were combined to improve the computational accuracy and *** new method can reflect the realistic physical and mechanical processes in long-runout landslide motion and provide a suitable method for risk assessment and pre-failure prediction.

关键词： Long-runout landslide Multistate transition Mixed solid‒liquid flow Post-failure process Numerical simulation

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Quaternary integrative stratigraphy,biotas,and paleogeographical evolution of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第4期67卷 1360-1394页

作者： Yong WANG Mianping ZHENG Yuan LING Shuyuan XIANG Zhaogang SHAO Kexin ZHANG Xue KE Xiao LIN Fang HAN Jian’en HAN institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China institute of Mineral Resources Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100037China Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Chinese Academy of geological Sciences Beijing 100037China institute of geological Survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China School of Earth Sciences East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330013China institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China

The Quaternary strata on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau contain rich information about the paleoclimate and environmental evolution,record the evolution process of the Quaternary regional tectonics,paleogeography,and geomorphology of the plateau,and are extremely important areas for studying the Quaternary geological events and regional environmental *** to a comprehensive analysis of the regional stratigraphic data and the development and evolution characteristics of the biota,based on the differences in the lithostratigraphic units,sedimentary characteristics,landforms,and drainage systems,the Quaternary strata on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas are divided into five stratigraphic regions:the Tarim region,Loess Plateau region,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region,Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau region,and India-Ganges *** Qinghai-Tibet Plateau stratigraphic region is divided into seven stratigraphic sub-regions:the West Kunlun-Karakorum,AltunQilian Mountains,Qaidam-Hehuang,East Kunlun-Bayan Har,Qiangtang,East Xizang-West Yunnan-West Sichuan,and Gangdise-Himalayan *** paper briefly describes the lithostratigraphic units of the seven stratigraphic sub-regions of the Qinghai-Tibet *** to the lithostratigraphic sequence and its sedimentary characteristics,stratigraphic contact relationship,formation age,and evolution of the biota in each stratigraphic sub-region,the Quaternary tectonic paleogeographic evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is divided into four stages.(1)The inherited differential uplift stage since the Pliocene(2.6-1.8/1.5 Ma):the regional sedimentary differences were significant,and the stratigraphic distribution was limited,the alluvial-proluvial sandy conglomerate was widely developed along the piedmont,and fluvial and lacustrine deposits were developed in the low-lying areas between the mountains.(2)The mountain range flattening stage(1.8/1.5-1.2/0.8 Ma):the erosion unconformity surfaces around the pl

关键词： Quaternary stratigraphic sedimentary

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Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications of the Early Triassic Nianzi Adakitic Granite Unit in the Yanshan Fold and Thrust Belt:New Constraints from U-Pb Geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopes

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Acta Geologica sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 50-66页

作者： ZHANG Huijun WU Chu HE Fubing WANG Biren CUI Yubin LIU Zhenghua YOU Shina DONG Jing Development and Research Center of the China geological Survey Beijing 100037China Beijing institute of the geological Survey Beijing 100095China institute of Disaster Prevention LangfangHebei 065201China

The Nianzi granite unit,which includes the Nianzi,Xiaolianghou and Xiawopu granitic intrusions,is a significant component of the northern part of the North China Craton(NCC)and is situated in the Yanshan fold and thrust belt(YFTB).However,there is still debate regarding the tectonic evolutionary history of the YFTB during the late Permian to Triassic period,specifically regarding the timing of subduction and collision between the NCC and the Paleo-Asian *** Nianzi granite unit exhibits unique petrological,geochronological and geochemical signatures that shed light on the tectonic evolutionary history of the *** study presents detailed petrology,whole-rock geochemistry,together with Sr-Nd isotopic,zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic data of the granites within the Nianzi granite *** findings demonstrate that the granites primarily consist of subhedral K-feldspar,plagioclase,quartz,minor biotite and hornblende,with accessory titanite,apatite,magnetite and *** U-Pb dating indicates that the Xiaolianghou granite was emplaced at 247.5±0.62 ***,the adakitic characteristics of the Nianzi,Xiawopu and Xiaolianghou granitic intrusions,such as high Sr and Ba contents and high ratios of Sr/Y and(La/Yb)N,combined with negative Sr-Nd and Lu-Hf isotopes(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.705681–0.7057433,εNd(t)=−21.98 to−20.97,zirconεHf(t)=−20.26 to−9.92,as well as the I-type granite features of high SiO_(2),Na_(2)O and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratios,enriched Rb,K,Sr and Ba,along with depleted Th,U,Nb,Ta,P and Ti,suggest that the Nianzi granitic unit was mainly derived from the partial melting of a thickened lower crust containing hydrous,calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline,mafic to intermediate metamorphic *** light of these parameters,we further integrate our data with previous studies and conclude that the Nianzi granitic unit was generated in a post-collisional extensional environment during the Early Triassic.

关键词： tectonic evolution zircon geochronology Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes Nianzi granite unit Yanshan fold and thrust belt

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Cyclicity of the Lower Buntsandstein in the eastern part of the Central European Basin:implications for Early Triassic palaeogeography and for geochronological calibration

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第2期13卷 252-292页

作者： Anna Becker Polish geological institute-National Research institute 4 Rakowiecka str.00-975 WarsawPoland

Lower Buntsandstein small—scale cycles recognized in the Central European Basin(CEB) are readily used for astrochronological calibration of the Early Triassic time scales,although they are not well studied *** borehole sections from the eastern part of the CEB,forming a south-north transect perpendicular to the basin axis,were studied in terms to better understand the depositional history of the Lower Buntsandstein developed as the Baltic Formation in the studied Polish part of the *** sedimentary facies were recognized,based on lithological and sedimentological investigations of 655.7 m of drill cores from the Otyń IG 1,Gorzów Wielkopolski IG 1 and Kamień Pomorski IG 1 *** facies can be grouped according to a lithological criterion into facies of predominantly siliciclastic lithology(including 9facies types) and facies of predominantly carbonate lithology(including 2 facies types).Facies analysis allowed to distinguish 8 facies associations of:1) alluvial fan,2) playa,3) sandy-muddy coastal plain,4)embayment and distal delta,5) lagoon,6) sand bars or shoals,7) ooidal shoals or bars,and 8) ***-upward(DC) and shallowing-upward(SC) sedimentary cycles were recognized in parts of the Baltic Formation,with DCs dominating in the southernmost located Otyń IG 1,and SCs dominating in Gorz ow Wielkopolski IG 1,located in the axial part of the *** cycles are very *** statistical significance of the sedimentary cycles is relatively low according to Markov-chain analysis conducted with the phpSedistat software of Stanova et al.(2009).Analysis of small—scale cycles performed on well logs of investigated boreholes and additional boreholes in the vicinity of Otyń IG 1,implementing the earlier study of Becker(2005),showed that the correlation of well-log cycles(GR cycles) and sedimentary cycles is not *** cycles can be roughly correlated with lithological carbonate—siliciclastic cycles(c-s cycles),refle

关键词： Triassic Lower Buntsandstein Cyclicity Central European Basin

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First Record of Middle Eocene Elephant Ancestors’Footprints in the Gonjo Basin,East Tibet Plateau

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第4期35卷 1224-1235页

作者： Asma Tahir Huazhou Yao Junaid Khan Yangui Li He Zhao Yue Yu Tang Yuan institute of geological Survey China University of GeosciencesWuhan430074China Wuhan Center China Geological SurveyWuhan430205China State Key Laboratory of geological Processes and Mineral Resources Wuhan430078China Chengdu Center China Geological SurveyChengdu610081China institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China

It is the first time that the fossil footprints of a group of Middle Eocene elephant ancestors have been discovered in the Gonjo Basin,East Tibet *** Gonjo Formation is attributed to the Middle Eocene Epoch(U-Pb age=44.7±1.2 Ma)and consists mainly of purplish-red,medium-to coarse-grained sandstones,siltstones interbedded with mudstones,and conglomerates with sedimentary structures like ripple marks,rip-up clasts,and trough-cross bedding,suggesting fluvial-lacustrine *** group of fossil footprints has a characteristic oval-concave shape,and the toe impressions are *** fossil footprints are overstepped with a pockmarked texture resembling Proboscipeda *** than 165 fossil footprints of the group are relatively well-preserved with different diameters,which is evidence of highly social behavior and trackmakers of different ages,including calves,juveniles,adolescents,and *** size frequency of the fossil footprints enabled us to deduce the body mass,shoulder height,and hip-height distribution of the trackmakers that crossed the East Tibet Plateau 44.7 Ma *** trackmakers comprised an estimated average hip-height of 111.8 cm,an average shoulder height of 172.8 cm for males/155.9 cm for females,and an average body mass of approximately 1218.1 kg for males/907.8 kg for *** abundance of fossil footprints reveals that in the Middle Eocene Epoch,the environment was extraordinarily conducive for the elephant ancestors to live in the East Tibet region.

关键词： Proboscipeda enigmatica East Tibet Plateau Gonjo Formation fossil footprints fluvial-lacustrine

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Development and Deformation Characteristics of Large Ancient Landslides in the Intensely Hazardous Xiongba-Sela Section of the Jinsha River, Eastern Tibetan Plateau, China

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第3期35卷 980-997页

作者： Yiqiu Yan Changbao Guo Yanan Zhang Zhendong Qiu Caihong Li Xue Li institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and geological Safety Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China

The upstream Jinsha River,located in the eastern Tibetan Plateau,has been experiencing intense geological hazards characterized by a high density of ancient landslides,significant deformation and reactivation *** this study,remote sensing interpretation,field investigations,and Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(SBAS-InSAR)technologies have been *** a 17 km stretch of the Jinsha River,specifically in the Xiongba-Sela segment,16 large-scale ancient landslides were identified,9 of which are currently undergoing creeping ***,the Sela and Xiongba ancient landslides exhibit significant deformation,with a maximum deformation rate of-192 mm/yr,indicating a high level of sliding *** volume of the Sela ancient landslide is estimated to be 1.8×108 to 4.5×108 m3,and characterized by extensive fissures and long-term creeping *** SBAS-InSAR results revealed significant spatial variations in the deformation of the Sela ancient landslide,generally displaying two secondary zones of intense deformation,and landslide deformation exhibits nonlinear behavior with *** January 2016 and February 2022,Zone III1 on the southwest side of the Sela ancient landslide,experienced a maximum cumulative deformation of-857 mm,with a maximum deformation rate of-108 mm/*** III2,on the northeast side of the Sela ancient landslide,the maximum cumulative deformation was-456 mm,with a maximum deformation rate of-74 mm/yr;among these,the H2 and H4 secondary bodies on the south side of III1 are in the accelerative deformation stage and at the Warn warning *** propose that the large-scale flood and debris flow disasters triggered by the Baige landslide-dammed lake-dam broken disaster chain in Tibetan Plateau during October and November 2018 caused severe erosion at the foot of downstream *** far-field triggering effect accelerated the creep of the downstream ancient ***,the defo

关键词： Jinsha River SBAS-InSAR landslides surface deformation disasters.

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Characterization and spatial analysis of coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake in the Xianshuihe fault zone, Southwest China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 160-181页

作者： GUO Changbao LI Caihong YANG Zhihua NI Jiawei ZHONG Ning WANG Meng YAN Yiqiu SONG Deguang ZHANG Yanan ZHANG Xianbing WU Ruian CAO Shichao SHAO Weiwei institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Active Tectonics and geological Safety Ministry of Natural ResourcesBeijing 100081China Research Center of Neotectonism and Crustal Stability China Geological SurveyBeijing 100081China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Sichuan institute of geological Survey Chengdu 610081China

On September 5, 2022, a magnitude Ms 6.8 earthquake occurred along the Moxi fault in the southern part of the Xianshuihe fault zone located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau,resulting in severe damage and substantial economic loss. In this study, we established a coseismic landslide database triggered by Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake, which includes 4794 landslides with a total area of 46.79 km^(2). The coseismic landslides primarily consisted of medium and small-sized landslides, characterized by shallow surface sliding. Some exhibited characteristics of high-position initiation resulted in the obstruction or partial obstruction of rivers, leading to the formation of dammed lakes. Our research found that the coseismic landslides were predominantly observed on slopes ranging from 30° to 50°, occurring at between 1000 m and 2500 m, with slope aspects varying from 90° to 180°. Landslides were also highly developed in granitic bodies that had experienced structural fracturing and strong-tomoderate weathering. Coseismic landslides concentrated within a 6 km range on both sides of the Xianshuihe and Daduhe fault zones. The area and number of coseismic landslides exhibited a negative correlation with the distance to fault lines, road networks, and river systems, as they were influenced by fault activity, road excavation, and river erosion. The coseismic landslides were mainly distributed in the southeastern region of the epicenter, exhibiting relatively concentrated patterns within the IX-degree zones such as Moxi Town, Wandong River basin, Detuo Town to Wanggangping Township. Our research findings provide important data on the coseismic landslides triggered by the Luding Ms 6.8 earthquake and reveal the spatial distribution patterns of these landslides. These findings can serve as important references for risk mitigation, reconstruction planning, and regional earthquake disaster research in the earthquake-affected area.

关键词： Luding earthquake Coseismic landslides Remote sensing interpretation Spatial distribution Xianshuihe fault Earthquake fault

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Hcable for Time-Lapse Seismic Monitoring of Marine Carbon Capture and Storage

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哈尔滨工程大学学报（英文版） 2024年第3期23卷 628-633页

作者： Bin Liu Yutong Fu Pengfei Wen Guangzhou Marine geological Survey Guangzhou 511458China Sanya institute of South China Sea Geology Guangzhou Marine Geological SurveyChina Geological SurveySanya 572025China

To ensure project safety and secure public support, an integrated and comprehensive monitoring program is needed within a carbon capture and storage(CCS) project. Monitoring can be done using many well-established techniques from various fields, and the seismic method proves to be the crucial one. This method is widely used to determine the CO_(2) distribution, image the plume development, and quantitatively estimate the concentration. Because both the CO_(2) distribution and the potential migration pathway can be spatially small scale, high resolution for seismic imaging is demanded. However, obtaining a high-resolution image of a subsurface structure in marine settings is difficult. Herein, we introduce the novel Hcable(Harrow-like cable system) technique, which may be applied to offshore CCS monitoring. This technique uses a highfrequency source(the dominant frequency>100 Hz) to generate seismic waves and a combination of a long cable and several short streamers to receive seismic waves. Ultrahigh-frequency seismic images are achieved through the processing of Hcable seismic data. Hcable is then applied in a case study to demonstrate its detailed characterization for small-scale structures. This work reveals that Hcable is a promising tool for timelapse seismic monitoring of oceanic CCS.

关键词： Carbon capture and storage Hcable Seismic monitoring High resolution image High frequency seismic source

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Genesis of the Nuri Cu-W-Mo Deposit,Tibet,China:Constraints from in situ Trace Elements and Sr Isotopic Analysis of Scheelite

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Acta Geologica sinica(English Edition) 2024年第1期98卷 117-131页

作者： WANG Yiyun WU Zhishan CHEN Wenqing DU Qing’an TANG Liwei SHI Hongzhao MA Guotao ZHANG Zhi LIANG Wei WU Bo MIAO Hengyi Chengdu Center China Geological Survey(Geoscience Innovation Center of Southwest China)Chengdu 610081China The Second geological institute of China’s Metallurgical Geology Bureau Fuzhou 351111China

The Nuri deposit is the only Cu-W-Mo polymetallic deposit with large-scale WO3 resources in the eastern section of the Gangdese metallogenic belt,Tibet,***,the genetic type of this deposit has been controversial since its *** on a study of the geological characteristics of the deposit,this study presents mineralization stages,focusing on the oxide stage and the quartz-sulfide stage where scheelite is mainly formed,referred to as Sch-A and Sch-B,*** LA-ICP-MS trace element and Sr isotope analyses,the origin,evolutionary process of the oreforming fluid and genesis of the ore deposit are *** Electron Microscope-Cathodoluminescence(SEMCL)observations reveal that Sch-A consists of three generations,with dark gray homogenous Sch-A1 being replaced by relatively lighter and homogeneous Sch-A2 and Sch-A3,with Sch-A2 displaying a gray CL image color with vague and uneven growth bands and Sch-A3 has a light gray CL image color with hardly any growth *** contrast,Sch-B exhibits a‘core-rim’structure,with the core part(Sch-B1)being dark gray and displaying a uniform growth band,while the rim part(Sch-B2)is light gray and *** normalized distribution pattern of rare earth elements in scheelite and Sr isotope data suggest that the early ore-forming fluid in the Nuri deposit originated from granodiorite porphyry and,later on,some country rock material was mixed in,due to strong water-rock *** the O-H isotope data further indicates that the ore-forming fluid in the Nuri deposit originated from magmatic-hydrothermal sources,with contributions from metamorphic water caused by water-rock interaction during the mineralization process,as well as later meteoric *** intense water-rock interaction likely played a crucial role in the precipitation of scheelite,leading to varying Eu anomalies in different generations of scheelite from the oxide stage to the quartz-sulfide stage,while also causing a

关键词： trace elements in situ Sr isotopes tungsten mineralization Gangdese metallogenic belt Tibet

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Prediction of soil organic carbon stock combining Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 images in the Zoige Plateau, the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 165-176页

作者： Junjie Lei Changli Zeng Lv Zhang Xiaogang Wang Chanhua Ma Tao Zhou Benjamin Laffitte Ke Luo Zhihan Yang Xiaolu Tang State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of Technology Sichuan Academy of geological Survey Sichuan institute of Nuclear geological Survey College of Earth Sciences Chengdu University of Technology Tianfu Yongxing Laboratory

Background Soil organic carbon（SOC） is a critical component of the global carbon cycle, and an accurate estimate of regional SOC stock（SOCS） would significantly improve our understanding of SOC sequestration and cycles. Zoige Plateau, locating in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has the largest alpine marsh wetland worldwide and exhibits a high sensitivity to climate fluctuations. Despite an increasing use of optical remote sensing in predicting regional SOCS, optical remote sensing has obvious limitations in the Zoige Plateau due to highly cloudy weather, and knowledge of on the spatial patterns of SOCS is limited. Therefore, in the current study, the spatial distributions of SOCS within 100 cm were predicted using an XGBoost model—a machine learning approach, by integrating Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and field observations in the Zoige *** The results showed that SOC content exhibited vertical distribution patterns within 100 cm, with the highest SOC content in topsoil. The tenfold cross-validation approach showed that XGBoost model satisfactorily predicted the spatial patterns of SOCS with a model efficiency of 0.59 and a root mean standard error of 95.2 Mg ha-1. Predicted SOCS showed a distinct spatial heterogeneity in the Zoige Plateau, with an average of 355.7 ± 123.1 Mg ha-1within 100 cm and totaled 0.27 × 10～9 Mg *** High SOC content in topsoil highlights the high risks of significant carbon loss from topsoil due to human activities in the Zoige Plateau. Combining Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 satisfactorily predicted SOCS using the XGBoost model, which demonstrates the importance of selecting modeling approaches and satellite images to improve efficiency in predicting SOCS distribution at a fine spatial resolution of 10 m. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the potential of radar（Sentinel-1） in developing SOCS mapping, with the newly developed fine-resolution mapping having important applications in land management, ecological resto

关键词： SOC Vegetation index Texture XGBoost Sentinel-1 Sentinel-2

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