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Population Growth and Sustainability of Common Property Resource Management Systems in the Eastern Hindu Kush:The Use of Communal Fodder Resources in Mehlp Valley,North Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第4期6卷 380-393页

作者： Fazlur-Rahman department of geography Urban & Regional Planning University of PeshawarUniversity Town

In common property studies,increasing number of users has been considered as a major threat for the long-term sustainability of natural resources. This perception has been true in a few cases. However,the 40-years empirical research conducted in a variety of environmental settings,reveals that population pressure is not the only factor responsible for the degradation of natural resources. In remote areas,where the local inhabitants highly depend on available natural resources for subsistence livelihood,the economically important resources are kept under different ownership regimes. The local inhabitants have established autochthonous insti-tutions,and formulated rules and regulations for proper management of these resources. In this paper an attempt has been made to explore the response of a small fodder user community to the increasing population. For this purpose a micro-level study has been conducted in a remote mountain environment in the eastern Hindu Kush. For this research,data has been collected through fieldwork and focus group discussion. The results of this study reveal that fodder user communities have responded very well to the problem of population pressure. To maintain equity and long-term sustainability they have adopted a number of strategies including changing the ownership,and a resource kept under private ownership at the time of low population has been changed to a common property with increase in population. Based on this study it can be concluded that in mountainous areas and fragile environment the local inhabitant have both the capacity and capability to change their behaviour with regard to changing resource productivity as well as increasing number of users,and this situation does not always lead to the tragedy of commons.

关键词：资源管理系统饲料资源可持续性人口增长巴基斯坦财产

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Sustainable Intensification and Large-scale Operation of Cultivated Land Use at the Farmers’ Scale:A Case Study of Shandong Province,China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第1期34卷 149-167页

作者： LI Li LYU Xiao ZHANG Anlu NIU Shandong PENG Wenlong School of Public Administration Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China department of geography University of ZurichZurich8057Switzerland School of Humanities and Law Northeastern UniversityShenyang110169China School of geography and Tourism Qufu Normal UniversityRizhao276800China

Sustainable intensification of cultivated land use(SICLU) and large-scale operations(LSO) are widely acknowledged strategies for enhancing agricultural performance.However,the existing literature has faced challenges in precisely defining SICLU and constructing comprehensive indicators,which has hindered the exploration of factors influencing LSO within the SICLU framework.To address this gap,we integrated self-efficacy theory into the design of an index framework for evaluating SICLU.We subsequently employed econometric models to analyze the significant factors that impact LSO.Our findings reveal that SICLU can be divided into four key dimensions:intensive management,efficient output,resource conservation,and ecological environment optimization.Furthermore,it is crucial to incorporate belief-based cognitive factors into the index system,as farmers’ understanding of fertilizer and pesticide application significantly influences their willingness to engage in LSO.Moreover,we identify grain market turnover as the most influential factor in promoting LSO,with single-factor contribution rates reaching 70.9% for cultivated land transfer willingness and 62.5% for the total planting areas.Interestingly,unlike irrigation and agricultural machinery inputs,increased labor inputs correspond to larger planting areas for farmers.This trend may be attributed to reduced labor availability because of rural labor migration,whereas the reduction in irrigation and agricultural input is contingent on innovations in production practices and the transfer of cultivated land management rights.Importantly,SICLU dynamically influences LSO,with each index related to SICLU having an optimal range that fosters LSO.These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers,emphasizing farmers as their central focus,with the adjustment of input and output factors as a means to achieve LSO as the ultimate goal.In conclusion,we propose research avenues for further enriching the SICLU framework to ensure that it aligns with the specific characteristi

关键词： sustainable intensification of cultivated land use(SICLU) self-efficacy status quo bias input and output Boosted Regression Tree willingness to transfer cultivated land cultivated land planting areas Shandong,China

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Remote estimates of suspended particulate matter in global lakes using machine learning models

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 200-216页

作者： Zhidan Wen Qiang Wang Yue Ma Pierre Andre Jacinthe Ge Liu Sijia Li Yingxin Shang Hui Tao Chong Fang Lili Lyu Baohua Zhang Kaishan Song Northeast Institute of geography and Agroecology CASChangchunJilin130102China department of Geology Indiana University∼Purdue UniversityIndianapolisIN44602USA University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100100China College of geography and Urban Planning Liaocheng UniversityLiaochengChina

Suspended particulate matter(SPM)in lakes exerts strong impact on light propagation,aquatic ecosystem productivity,which co-varies with nutrients,heavy metal and micro-pollutant in waters.In lakes,SPM exerts strong absorption and backscattering,ultimately affects water leaving signals that can be detected by satellite sensors.Simple regression models based on specific band or hand ratios have been widely used for SPM estimate in the past with moderate accuracy.There are still rooms for model accuracy improvements,and machine learning models may solve the non-linear relationships between spectral variable and SPM in waters.We assembled more than 16,400 in situ measured SPM in lakes from six continents(excluding the Antarctica continent),of which 9640 samples were matched with Landsat overpasses within±7 days.Seven machine learning algorithms and two simple regression methods(linear and partial least squares models)were used to estimate SPM in lakes and the performance were compared.To overcome the problem of imbalance datasets in regression,a Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling technique for regression with Gaussian Noise(SMOGN)was adopted in this study.Through comparison,we found that gradient boosting decision tree(GBDT),random forest(RF),and extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)models demonstrated good spatiotemporal transferability with SMOGN processed dataset,and has potential to map SPM at different year with good quality of Landsat land surface reflectance images.In all the tested modeling approaches,the GBDT model has accurate calibration(n=6428,R^(2)=0.95,MAPE=29.8%)from SPM collected in 2235 lakes across the world,and the validation(n=3214,R^(2)=0.84,MAPE=38.8%)also exhibited stable performance.Further,the good performances were also exhibited by RF model with calibration(R^(2)=0.93)and validation(R^(2)=0.86,MAPE=24.2%)datasets.We applied GBDT and RF models to map SPM of typical lakes,and satisfactory result was obtained.In addition,the GBDT model was evaluated by historical SPM measurements coincident with di

关键词： Landsat imagery Remote estimation SPM Transferability

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Reducing Social Media Attention Inequality in Disasters: The Role of Official Media During Rainstorm Disasters in China

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2024年第3期15卷 388-403页

作者： Longfei Zheng Lei Chen Fenjie Long Jianing Liu Lei Li School of geography Faculty of Geographical Science Beijing Normal University Hang Lung Center for Real Estate and department of Construction Management Tsinghua University

Unequal social media attention can lead to potentially uneven distribution of disaster-relief funds, resulting in long-term inequality among regions after disasters. This study aimed to measure inequalities in social media attention to regions during disasters and explore the role of official media in reducing such inequality. This is performed by employing social media,official media, and official aggregated statistics regarding China's rainstorm disasters. Through a set of panel-data regressions and robustness tests, three main conclusions were drawn:(1) There were inequalities among regions regarding social media attention they received during rainstorm disasters. For disasters of the same magnitude, regions with low economic outcome per capita received less attention on social media.(2) Official media can reduce inequality in social media attention during disasters. Official media statements can encourage netizens to pay attention to disaster-stricken areas, and especially the overlooked underdeveloped areas.(3) Of all the measures taken by official media, timely, accurate, and open disclosure of disaster occurrences proved to be the most potent means of leveling the playing field in terms of social media attention;contrarily, promotional or booster-type messages proved futile in this regard. These findings revealed the vulnerabilities within social media landscapes that aff ect disaster relief response, shedding light on the role of official guidance in mitigating inequalities in social media attention during such crises. Our study advises social media stakeholders and policymakers on formulating more equitable crisis communication strategies to bridge the gap in social media attention and foster a more balanced and just relief process.

关键词： China, inequality of attention Official media Rainstorm disasters Situational crisis communication theory Social media

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Circulation Pattern Controls of Summer Temperature Anomalies in Southern Africa

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 341-354页

作者： Chibuike Chiedozie IBEBUCHI Cameron C.LEE department of geography Kent State UniversityKentOhio 44242USA ClimRISE Lab Kent State UniversityKentOhio 44242USA

This study investigates the relationship between circulation patterns and austral summer temperature anomalies in southern Africa. The results show that the formation of continental lows tends to increase the thickness of the lower atmosphere. Further, the distinct variabilities of high and low pressure under the circulation types, influence air mass advection from the adjacent oceans, as well as atmospheric stability over land. Stronger anticyclonic circulation at the western branch of the Mascarene high-pressure system enhances the low-level cold air advection by southeast winds,decreases the thickness, and lowers the temperature over a majority of the land in southern Africa. Conversely, a weaker Mascarene High, coupled with enhanced cyclonic activity in the southwest Indian Ocean increases low-level warm air advection and increases temperature anomalies over vast regions in southern Africa. The ridging of a closed South Atlantic anticyclone at the southern coast of southern Africa results in colder temperatures near the tip of southern Africa due to enhanced low-level cold air advection by southeast winds. However, when the ridge is weak and westerly winds dominate the southern coast of southern Africa, these areas experience temperature increases. The northward track of the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude cyclone, which can be linked to the negative Southern Annular Mode, reduces the temperature in the southwestern part of southern Africa. Also, during the analysis period, El Ni?o was associated with temperature increases over the central parts of southern Africa;while the positive Indian Ocean dipole was linked to a temperature increase over the northeastern, northwestern, and southwestern parts of southern Africa.

关键词： temperature circulation types Subtropical Indian Ocean dipole Southern Annular Mode El Ni?o Indian Ocean dipole Mascarene High South Atlantic anticyclone

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Location of Disaster Management Bases Using Spatial Analysis

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2024年第1期33卷 1-29页

作者： Hadi Nayyeri Sahar Zandi Mahmood Souri department of Geomorphology Faculty of Natural ResourceUniversity of KurdistanSanandajKurdistanIran department of geography Sciences Kharazmi UniversityTehranIran Red Crescent Society of the Islamic Republic Employee of Iran HamedanIran

Pre-crisis management involves the optimal selection of relief and rescue centers to minimize vulnerability.Iran is particularly vulnerable due to its location on the Alpine-Himalaya seismic belt,resulting in an average death rate six times higher than the global average during earthquakes.Therefore,selecting appropriate relief and rescue centers is crucial to Iran’s disaster preparedness.When selecting the placement of rescue centers,accessibility and the appropriateness of the land should be taken into account as well as the distance from high-risk areas.The location of these centers does not require any particular combinations.To address this issue,a study was conducted utilizing GIS,artificial neural networks,fuzzy logic,and mathematical models to determine the optimal placement based on 12 indicators within two clusters:natural and human.To examine the information layers of the initial stage,a spatial data repository concerning the variables impacting the placement of these centers was established using ARCGIS.Using functions and algorithms such as Fuzzy Logic in IDRISI,TOPSIS,and VIKOR software,the layers were assessed for weightage before being overlaid.The study’s analysis of the models used revealed that the positioning priority limits of the areas differed across all four models.Notably,the areas with high desirability varied to a greater extent:the fuzzy model varied by 9.3%,neural network by 12.4%,VIKOR by 4.5%,and TOPSIS by 16.2%.The variance in results can be attributed to the differing levels of risk acceptance and non-acceptance in each model.Additionally,the study yielded other significant findings such as the correlation between study area size and model accuracy.Specifically,smaller study areas exhibited higher model accuracy.The research also demonstrated that both fuzzy and VIKOR models achieved greater accuracy.As a result,employing these models in crisis management planning,particularly in pre-crisis management for identifying rescue center locations,would be highly advantageous and increas

关键词： Crisis management GIS earthquake risk site selection

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ON TIDAL INLETS OF CHINA

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 1985年第3期4卷 423-432页

作者：任美锷张忍顺 department of geography Nanjing University

Tidal inlets should be distinguished from tidal channels which connect open sea at both ends. In China, tidal inlets may be grouped into (1) embayment-lagoon type on sandy or rocky coast, (2) estua-rine inlets on the mouths of small or medium rivers which may be on mud plain coast, and (3) artificial inlets enclosed by breakwaters. Improvement of navigation channels of these inlets follows the same principle using O’Brien P-A formula. Where accurate oceanographical and littoral drift data are not available, a careful analysis of coastal morphology and sedimentology may provide a useful clue for the evaluation of the value of inlets in navigation.

关键词： ON TIDAL INLETS OF CHINA Bay

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A PILOT STUDY ON THE POSSIBLE IMPACTS OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON EAST CHINA

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1988年第3期6卷 187-200页

作者：杨怀仁陈西庆 geography department Nanjing University

The possible global sea level rise and its magnitude in the next century induced by the doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration are briefly discussed. The rates of crustal sinking, ground surface aggradation, and sediment compaction which might give rise to the regional characteristics of relative sea level （RSL） changes, are studied in detail. Attention is focused on the following problems that are closely associated to the sea level rise in the next century: 1) the flood susceptibility of the low-lying East Qhina plains in the next century and its historical evidences, 2) the frequency of disastrous floods and storm surges, 3) the aggradational rate and the potential danger to the dikes along die Changjiang River’s lower reaches and 4) the salt water intrusion and the water quality in the Changjiang River estuary. The study shows that the adverse impacts would be very great even if only the lower estimate of sea-level rise in the next century is considered. Therefore, comprehensive resear

关键词： A PILOT STUDY ON THE POSSIBLE IMPACTS OF SEA LEVEL RISE ON EAST CHINA SEA

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THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA IN NEW TERM

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Chinese Geographical Science 2002年第4期12卷 309-314页

作者： LU La-chang(department of geography,Guangzhou University,Guangzhou 510405,P.R.China) department of geography Guangzhou University Guangzhou P. R. China

Since China opening to outside world,the economy in the Pearl(Zhujiang)River Delta(PRD)has been dou-ble digit growth.It has been known as one of mature fast growth areas in the world and become the model and hope of Chi-nese reformand opening to outside wo rld.The regional development in PRD is the outcome of polarization effects .The polar-ization effects actually are extension of international regional divis ion and a combination of Hongkong’s i nfluence and re-form and open-door policies on the ma inland.Since the 1990s,driven by knowledge-based economy,the PRD has f urther adjusted the industrial structure a nd achieved good progress in upgradi ng industrial structure.Its high te chnology industry has developed quickly and the econom ic internationalization has deepen ed,meanwhile,the region is going th rough transforma-tion and some new trends have begun to appear,which include:university t owns springing up,industrial globalization and the construction of Hi-tech develop ment zones.The paper suggests that w ith the economic growth changing fro m relying on the low level production elements to relying on high level production ele ments,the regional policies in Guan gdong Province should develop correspondingly:1)make a plan to prohibite the blind con struction in innovative spatial con struc-tions;2)make measures to attract the overseas talents to establish a pool of talen t;3)work out the favorable policies for absorbing larger capital;4)formulate the policy of attracting a cluster of industries to speed up the upgrade of industrial development.

关键词：区域发展珠江三角洲两极分化中国政策产业结构

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HONG　KONG　DIRECT　INVESTMENT　IN　CHINA＇S　MAINLAND：　A　SPATIAL　STUDY　WITH　SPECIAL　REFERENCE　TO　THE　LOCATIONAL　BEHAVIOUR　OF　INVESTORS

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Chinese Geographical Science 1996年第4期6卷 289-303页

作者： Li Xiaojian(department of geography, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, PRC) department of geography Henan University Kaifeng PRC

ＨＯＮＧ　ＫＯＮＧ　ＤＩＲＥＣＴ　ＩＮＶＥＳＴＭＥＮＴ　ＩＮ　ＣＨＩＮＡ＇Ｓ　ＭＡＩＮＬＡＮＤ：　Ａ　ＳＰＡＴＩＡＬ　ＳＴＵＤＹ　ＷＩＴＨ　ＳＰＥＣＩＡＬ　ＲＥＦＥＲＥＮＣＥ　ＴＯ　ＴＨＥ　ＬＯＣＡＴＩＯＮＡＬ　ＢＥ... 详细信息

ＨＯＮＧ　ＫＯＮＧ　ＤＩＲＥＣＴ　ＩＮＶＥＳＴＭＥＮＴ　ＩＮ　ＣＨＩＮＡ＇Ｓ　ＭＡＩＮＬＡＮＤ：　Ａ　ＳＰＡＴＩＡＬ　ＳＴＵＤＹ　ＷＩＴＨ　ＳＰＥＣＩＡＬ　ＲＥＦＥＲＥＮＣＥ　ＴＯ　ＴＨＥ　ＬＯＣＡＴＩＯＮＡＬ　ＢＥＨＡＶＩＯＵＲ　ＯＦ　ＩＮＶＥＳＴ...

关键词： investment location spatial behaviour of firms China Hong Kong

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