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Elastic modulus of claystone evaluated by nano-/micro-indentation tests and meso-compression tests

Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 84-91页

作者： Christophe Auvray Noémie Lafrance Danièle Bartier Université de Lorraine CNRS CREGU Lab. GeoRessources UMR 7359 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy F-54518 France

Toarcian claystone such as that of the Callovo-Oxfordian is a qualified multiphase material. The claystone samples tested in this study are composed of four main mineral phases: silicates(clay minerals, quartz,feldspars, micas)(z86%), sulphides(pyrite)(z3%), carbonates(calcite, dolomite)(z10%) and organic kerogen(z1%). Three sets of measurements of the modulus of deformability were compared as determined in(i) nanoindentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 2 mm,(ii) micro-indentation tests with a constant indentation depth of 20 mm, and(iii) meso-compression tests with a constant displacement of 200 mm. These three experimental methods have already been validated in earlier studies. The main objective of this study is to demonstrate the influence of the scaling effect on the modulus of deformability of the material. Different frequency distributions of the modulus of deformability were obtained at the different sample scales:(i) in nano-indentation tests, the distribution was spread between 15 GPa and 90 GPa and contained one peak at34 GPa and another at 51 GPa;(ii) in the micro-indentation tests, the distribution was spread between 25 GPa and 60 GPa and displayed peaks at 26 GPa and 37 GPa; and(iii) in the meso-compression tests, a narrow frequency distribution was obtained, ranging from 25 GPa to 50 GPa and with a maximum at around 35 GPa.

关键词： Claystone Elastic modulus Scaling effect Nano-and micro-indentation Meso-compression tests Multi-scale mechanical tests

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Composite wedge failure using photogrammetric measurements and DFN-DEM modelling

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 41-53页

作者： Viviana Bonilla-Sierra Marc Elmouttie FrédéricVictor Donzé Luc Scholtès Université Grenoble Alpes/CNRS UMR 5521 3SR Grenoble 38000 France IMSRN Parc Pré Millet - 680 Rue Aristide Bergès Montbonnot 38330 France CSIRO Energy Flagship Po Box 883 Pullenvale QLD 4069 Australia georessources lab. Université de Lorraine CNRS CREGU Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy 54500 France

Analysis and prediction of structural instabilities in open pit mines are an important design and operational consideration for ensuring safety and productivity of the operation. Unstable wedges and blocks occurring at the surface of the pit walls may be identified through three-dimensional(3D) image analysis combined with the discrete fracture network(DFN) approach. Kinematic analysis based on polyhedral modelling can be used for first pass analysis but cannot capture composite failure mechanisms involving both structurally controlled and rock mass progressive failures. A methodology is proposed in this paper to overcome such limitations by coupling DFN models with geomechanical simulations based on the discrete element method(DEM). Further, high resolution photogrammetric data are used to identify valid model scenarios. An identified wedge failure that occurred in an Australian coal mine is used to validate the methodology. In this particular case, the failure surface was induced as a result of the rock mass progressive failure that developed from the toe of the structure inside the intact rock matrix. Analysis has been undertaken to determine in what scenarios the measured and predicted failure surfaces can be used to calibrate strength parameters in the model.

关键词： Open pit mine Polyhedral modelling Discrete fracture network(DFN) Discrete element method(DEM) Wedge failure

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