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Innovations in functional genomics and molecular breeding of pea:exploring advances and opportunities

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aBIOTECH 2024年第1期5卷 71-93页

作者： Baizhi Chen Yan Shi Yuchen Sun Lu Lu Luyao Wang Zijian Liu Shifeng Cheng Agricultural genomics Institute at Shenzhen(AGIS) Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)ShenzhenChina

The garden pea(Pisum sativum L.)is a significant cool-season legume,serving as crucial food sources,animal feed,and industrial raw materials.The advancement of functional genomics over the past two decades has provided substantial theoretical foundations and progress to pea breeding.Notably,the release of the pea reference genome has enhanced our understanding of plant architecture,symbiotic nitrogen fixation(SNF),flowering time,floral organ development,seed development,and stress resistance.However,a considerable gap remains between pea functional genomics and molecular breeding.This review summarizes the current advancements in pea functional genomics and breeding while highlighting the future challenges in pea molecular breeding.

关键词： Pea Genome study Agronomic traits Breeding

Journal of Genetics and genomics in 2023:progresses and beyond

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Journal of Genetics and genomics 2024年第1期51卷 1-2页

作者： Xiu-Fen Song Xiaoxuan Guo Jing Zhao Yutian Zhang Yuan Qin Jianru Zuo Journal of Genetics and genomics Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences&the Genetics Society of ChinaBeijing 100101China

Journal of Genetics and genomics(JGG),launched in 1974,celebrates its 50th birthday in 2023.With continuous support from our authors,reviewers,readers,and the editorial board,JGG has made remarkable progress in the past year by publishing 122 papers covering major disciplines in life sciences and medical genetics with exciting discoveries.It is worthwhile to note that we have recruited 66 young talents to join JGG as junior editors,resulting in significant improvement in manuscript evaluation and journal promotion.Here,we summarize major progresses reported in JGG in 2023 fromaneditorial view.

关键词： journal beyond promotion

Exposure to sublethal concentration of flupyradifurone alters sexual behavior and cuticular hydrocarbon profile in Heriades truncorum,an oligolectic solitary bee

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 859-869页

作者： Samuel Boff Manfred Ayasse Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation genomics Ulm UniversityUlmGermany

The aboveground oligolectic bee,Heriades truncorum,is a particularly good model for studying the impact of pesticides on sexual communication,since some aspects of its mating behavior have previously been described.We have tested(1)the interference of the pesticide flupyradifurone on male precopulatory behavior and male mating partner preferences,(2)the way that the pesticide interferes in male quality assessment by the female,and(3)the effects of the pesticide on the chemical compounds in the female cuticle.We exposed bees of both sexes to a sublethal concentration of flupyradifurone.Various behaviors were registered in a mating arena with two females(one unexposed and one exposed)and one male(either unexposed or exposed).Unexposed males were quicker to attempt to mate.Treatment also impacted precopulatory behavior and male quality assessment by females.Males approached unexposed females more quickly than insecticideexposed ones.Females exposed to insecticide produced lower amounts of some cuticular hydrocarbons(sex pheromone candidates)and appeared less choosy than unexposed females.Our findings suggest that insecticide exposure affects sexual communication,playing a role both in male preference and in male quality assessment by the female.

关键词： courtship display female choice flupyradifurone male partner preference sex communication sublethal effects

Maize gets an iron boost:Biofortification breakthrough holds promise to combat iron deficiency

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第4期66卷 635-637页

作者： Sunil Kumar Sahu State Key Laboratory of Agricultural genomics Key Laboratory of GenomicsMinistry of AgricultureBGI ResearchShenzhen 518083China BGI Research Wuhan 430074China

Micronutrient deficiencies affect more than two billion people worldwide,resulting in poor health,developmental issues,and even death.Iron deficiency is one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies worldwide a... 详细信息

关键词： population breakthrough holds

Making topological protein links using enzymatic reactions

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National Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 50-51页

作者： Roger Castells-Graells Todd O.Yeates Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California UCLA-DOE Institute for genomics and Proteomics

Proteins are exceedingly complex molecules though, at their heart, they are essentially linear polymers. Pull at their ends and one obtains an extended backbone. While that is true in most cases, some natural proteins... 详细信息

关键词： DESIGN

Intracellular compartmentation of CTP synthase in Drosophila

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Journal of Genetics and genomics 2010年第5期37卷 281-296页

作者： Ji-Long Liu Medical Research Council Functional genomics unit,Department of Physiology,Anatomy and Genetics,University of Oxford,Oxford,OX1 3QX,united Kingdom Medical Research Council Functional genomics unit Department of Physiology Anatomy and Genetics University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QX United Kingdom

Compartmentation is essential for the localization of biological processes within a eukaryotic cell. ATP synthase localizes to organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. By contrast, little is known about the subcellular distribution of CTP synthase, the critical enzyme in the production of CTP, a high-energy molecule similar to ATP. Here I describe the identification of a novel intracellular structure con- taining CTP synthase, termed the cytoophidium, in Drosophila cells. I find that cytoophidia are present in all major cell types in the ovary and exist in a wide range of tissues such as brain, gut, trachea, testis, accessory gland, salivary gland and lymph gland. In addition, I find CTP synthase-containing cytoophidia in other fruit fly species. The observation of compartmentation of CTP synthase now permits a broad range of questions to be addressed concerning not only the structure and function of cytoophidia but also the organization and regulation of CTP synthesis.

关键词： CTP synthase cytoophidium Drosophila organelle cilium oogenesis

Spatial search weighting information contained in cell velocity distribution

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 522-528页

作者：马一凯李娜陈唯 State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China China National Center for Bioinformation Beijing 100101China National genomics Data Center Beijing Institute of GenomicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Cell migration plays a significant role in physiological and pathological processes.Understanding the characteristics of cell movement is crucial for comprehending biological processes such as cell functionality,cell migration,and cell–cell interactions.One of the fundamental characteristics of cell movement is the specific distribution of cell speed,containing valuable information that still requires comprehensive understanding.This article investigates the distribution of mean velocities along cell trajectories,with a focus on optimizing the efficiency of cell food search in the context of the entire colony.We confirm that the specific velocity distribution in the experiments corresponds to an optimal search efficiency when spatial weighting is considered.The simulation results indicate that the distribution of average velocity does not align with the optimal search efficiency when employing average spatial weighting.However,when considering the distribution of central spatial weighting,the specific velocity distribution in the experiment is shown to correspond to the optimal search efficiency.Our simulations reveal that for any given distribution of average velocity,a specific central spatial weighting can be identified among the possible central spatial weighting that aligns with the optimal search strategy.Additionally,our work presents a method for determining the spatial weights embedded in the velocity distribution of cell movement.Our results have provided new avenues for further investigation of significant topics,such as relationship between cell behavior and environmental conditions throughout their evolutionary history,and how cells achieve collective cooperation through cell-cell communication.

关键词： cell migration foraging efficiency random walk spatial search weight

Characteristics of cell motility during cell collision

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 72-77页

Quantitative examination of cellular motion and intercellullar interactions possesses substantial relevance for both biology and medicine.However,the effects of intercellular interactions during cellular locomotion remain under-explored in experimental research.As such,this study seeks to bridge this research gap,adopting Dictyostelium discoideum(Dicty)cells as a paradigm to investigate variations in cellular motion during reciprocal collisions.We aim to attain a comprehensive understanding of how cell interactions influence cell motion.By observing and processing the motion trajectories of colliding cells under diverse chemical environments,we calculated the diffusion coefficient(D)and the persistence time(τ),using mean square displacement.Our analysis of the relationship dynamics between D andτprior to the collisions reveals intricate and non-monotonic alterations in cell movements during collisions.By quantitatively scrutinizing theτtrend,we were able to categorize the cellular responses to interactions under different conditions.Importantly,we ascertained that the effect of cell interactions during collisions in Dicty cells emulates a classical sigmoid function.This discovery suggests that cellular responses might comply with a pattern akin to the Weber–Fechner law.

关键词： cell migration random walk cell-cell interaction

Insufficient TRPM5 Mediates Lipotoxicity-induced Pancreaticβ-cell Dysfunction

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Current Medical Science 2024年第2期44卷 346-354页

作者： Kai-yuan WANG Shi-mei WU Zheng-jian YAO Yun-xia ZHU Xiao HAN Key Laboratory of Human Functional genomics of Jiangsu Province Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China

Objective:While the reduction of transient receptor potential channel subfamily M member 5(TRPM5)has been reported in islet cells from type 2 diabetic(T2D)mouse models,its role in lipotoxicity-induced pancreaticβ-cell dysfunction remains unclear.This study aims to study its role.Methods:Pancreas slices were prepared from mice subjected to a high-fat-diet(HFD)at different time points,and TRPM5 expression in the pancreaticβcells was examined using immunofluorescence staining.Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion(GSIS)defects caused by lipotoxicity were mimicked by saturated fatty acid palmitate(Palm).Primary mouse islets and mouse insulinoma MIN6 cells were treated with Palm,and the TRPM5 expression was detected using qRT-PCR and Western blotting.Palm-induced GSIS defects were measured following siRNA-based Trpm5 knockdown.The detrimental effects of Palm on primary mouse islets were also assessed after overexpressing Trpm5 via an adenovirus-derived Trpm5(Ad-Trpm5).Results:HFD feeding decreased the mRNA levels and protein expression of TRPM5 in mouse pancreatic islets.Palm reduced TRPM5 protein expression in a time-and dose-dependent manner in MIN6 cells.Palm also inhibited TRPM5 expression in primary mouse islets.Knockdown of Trpm5 inhibited insulin secretion upon high glucose stimulation but had little effect on insulin biosynthesis.Overexpression of Trpm5 reversed Palm-induced GSIS defects and the production of functional maturation molecules unique toβcells.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that lipotoxicity inhibits TRPM5 expression in pancreaticβcells both in vivo and in vitro and,in turn,drivesβ-cell dysfunction.

关键词： type 2 diabetes β-cell dysfunction lipotoxicity TRPM5