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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1257-1274页

作者： En-Bin Liu Shen Huang Ding-Chao Tian Lai-Min Shi Shan-Bi Peng He Zheng Petroleum engineering School Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500SichuanChina Chongqing Natural gas Sales Center Natural Gas BranchSinopecChongqing400023China Zhejiang Zheneng Natural gas Operation Co. Ltd.Hangzhou 310000ZhejiangChina School of Civil engineering and Architecture Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu 610500SichuanChina Louisiana Tech Univ Trenchless Technol Ctr599 Dan Reneau DrRustonLA71270USA Southwest Oil and gas Field Branch Natural gas Research Institute Chengdu 610213SichuanChina

During the production period of shale gas, proppant particles and rock debris are produced together,which will seriously erode the elbows of gathering pipelines. In response to this problem, this paper takes the elbow of the gathering pipeline in the Changning Shale gas Field as an example to test the erosion rate and material removal mechanism of the test piece at different angles of the elbow through experiments and compares the four erosion models with the experimental results. Through analysis, it is found that the best prediction model for quartz sand-carbon steel erosion is the Oka model. Based on the Oka model, FLUENT software was used to simulate and analyze the law of erosion of the elbow of the gas gathering pipeline under different gas flow velocities, gas gathering pressure, particle size, length of L1,and bending directions of the elbow. And a spiral pipeline structure is proposed to reduce the erosion rate of the elbow under the same working conditions. The results show that this structure can reduce erosion by 34%.

关键词： Shale gas gas gathering pipeline Elbow Erosion CFD

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Simulation Method and Feature Analysis of Shutdown Pressure Evolution During Multi-Cluster Fracturing Stimulation

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Energy engineering 2024年第1期121卷 111-123页

作者： Huaiyin He Longqing Zou Yanchao Li Yixuan Wang Junxiang Li Huan Wen Bei Chang Lijun Liu Shale gas Exploration and Development Department CNPC Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co.Ltd.Chengdu610051China College of Energy Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu610059China

Multistage multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing has enabled the economic exploitation of shale reservoirs,but the interpretation of hydraulic fracture parameters is *** pressure signals after pump shutdown are influenced by hydraulic fractures,which can reflect the geometric features of hydraulic *** shutdown pressure can be used to interpret the hydraulic fracture parameters in a real-time and cost-effective *** this paper,a mathematical model for shutdown pressure evolution is developed considering the effects of wellbore friction,perforation friction and fluid loss in *** efficient numerical simulation method is established by using the method of *** on this method,the impacts of fracture half-length,fracture height,opened cluster and perforation number,and filtration coefficient on the evolution of shutdown pressure are *** results indicate that a larger fracture half-length may hasten the decay of shutdown pressure,while a larger fracture height can slow down the decay of shutdown pressure.A smaller number of opened clusters and perforations can significantly increase the perforation friction and decrease the overall level of shutdown pressure.A larger filtration coefficient may accelerate the fluid filtration in the fracture and hasten the drop of the shutdown *** simulation method of shutdown pressure,as well as the analysis results,has important implications for the interpretation of hydraulic fracture parameters.

关键词： Multistage multi-cluster hydraulic fracturing pump shutdown pressure feature analysis numerical simulation

Occurrence and vertical distribution of aluminum and rare earths in weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore:Effect of soil solution pH and clay minerals

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第7期42卷 1394-1402,I0007页

作者： Jiaxin Pan Longsheng Zhao Zheng Li Xiaowei Huang Zongyu Feng Jun Chen National engineering Research Center for Rare Earth China GRINM Group Co.Ltd.Beijing100088China School of Metallurgical and Ecological engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing(USTB)Beijing100083China GRIREM Hi–Tech Co. Ltd.Langfang065201China GRIREM Advanced Materials Co. Ltd.Beijing100088China GRIMAT engineering Institute Co. Ltd.Beijing101407China

Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore is crucial source of medium and heavy rare earths,with in-situ leaching being the most common mining *** high contents of impurity of aluminum in the leach solution are a significant challenge for the subsequent enrichment process of rare earths.A comprehensive understanding of the occurrences and vertical distribution of aluminum and rare earths within typical vertical profiles can provide valuable insights into entire design of the in-situ *** paper improves a five-step sequential extraction method to analyze the occurrence and vertical distribution of rare earths and aluminum in vertical profiles from Chongzuo and *** results demonstrate that soil solution pH is the main factor affecting the vertical distribution of ionexchangeable rare *** samples have distinct areas of enrichment for ion-exchangeable rare earths or ***-exchangeable rare earths are primary concentrated in the middle and lower parts of the ore layer(4-13 m in Chongzuo,14-22 m in Longyan),while the ion-exchangeable aluminum is mainly enriched in the upper part of the ore layer(1-5 m in Chongzuo,and 2-14 m in Longyan).The vertical distribution of inorganic hydroxy aluminum is likely influenced by the micromorphology and particle size of the clay *** inorganic hydroxy aluminum concentration in Chongzuo samples decreases continuously from 415.65 to 120.95 mg/kg with increasing sampling depth,whereas the concentration in Longyan samples(110.55-171.27 mg/kg)is almost independence with sampling *** results provide direct guidance for the entire design of the injection well depth and the leaching parameters,thereby inhibiting the leaching of impurity of aluminum and lower the consumption of leaching agent.

关键词： Weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore Sequential extraction Occurrence Aluminum Rare earth elements

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Road sub-surface defect detection based on gprMax forward simulation-sample generation and Swin Transformer-YOLOX

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil engineering 2024年第3期18卷 334-349页

作者： Longjian LI Li YANG Zhongyu HAO Xiaoli SUN Gongfa CHEN School of Civil and Transportation engineering Guangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China JSTI Group Guizhou engineering Survey and Design Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510800China Guangzhou Municipal engineering Testing Co. Ltd.Guangzhou 510520China

Training samples for deep learning networks are typically obtained through various field experiments,which require significant manpower,resource and time ***,it is possible to utilize simulated data to augment the training *** this paper,by comparing the actual experimental model with the simulated model generated by the gprMax[1]forward simulation method,the feasibility of obtaining simulated samples through gprMax simulation is ***,the samples generated by gprMax forward simulation are used for training the network to detect objects in existing real *** the same time,aiming at the detection and intelligent recognition of road sub-surface defects,the Swin-YOLOX algorithm is introduced,and the excellence of the detection network,which is improved by augmenting the simulated samples with real samples,is further *** comparing the prediction performance of the object detection models,it is observed that the model trained with mixed samples achieved a recall of 94.74%and a mean average precision(maP)of 97.71%,surpassing the model trained only on real samples by 12.95%and 15.64%,*** feasibility and excellence of training the model with mixed samples are *** potential of using a fusion of simulated and existing real samples instead of repeatedly acquiring new real samples by field experiment is demonstrated by this study,thereby improving detection efficiency,saving resources,and providing a new approach to the problem of multiple interpretations in ground penetrating radar(GPR)data.

关键词： ground penetrating radar gprMax forward modeling sample generation Swin-YOLOX object detection

Fracturing-flooding technology for low permeability reservoirs:A review

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Petroleum 2024年第2期10卷 202-215页

作者： Nianyin Li Shijie Zhu Yue Li Jingrui Zhao Bo Long Fei Chen Erzhen Wang Wentao Feng Yanan Hu Shubei Wang Chen Jiang State Key Laboratory of Oil and gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University CNPC Southwest Oil and gas Field Company Exploration and Development Research Institute CNPC Southwest Oil and gas Field Company Shale gas Research Institute Western Drilling Tuha Underground Operation Company Changqing Downhole Technical Service Company of Chuanqing Drilling engineering Co. Ltd.CNPC Petroleum Technology Research Institute Petrochina Changqing Oilfield Company

The development of low-permeability oil and gas resources presents a significant challenge to traditional development methods. To address the problem of “no injection and no production” in low-permeability reservoirs, a novel fracture-injection-production integration technology named fracturing-flooding has been proposed by oilfield sites. This technology combines the advantages of conventional fracturing,water flooding, and chemical flooding, resulting in improved reservoir physical properties, increased injection, replenished energy, and increased oil displacement efficiency. The technology is especially suitable for low-permeability reservoirs that suffer from lack of energy, and strong ***-flooding technology has shown significant results and broad development prospects in some oilfields in China. This paper analyzes the development status of fracturing-flooding technology from its development history, technical mechanism, technical characteristics, process flow, types of fracturing and oil displacement fluids, and field applications. Physical and numerical simulations of fracturingflooding technology are also summarized. The results suggest that fracturing-flooding technology is more effective than conventional fracturing, water flooding, and chemical flooding in stimulating lowpermeability tight reservoirs and improving oil recovery. Moreover, it has a high input-output ratio and can be utilized for future reservoir stimulation and transformation.

关键词： Fracturing-flooding Enhanced oil recovery Low permeability reservoirs Water flooding Injection Chemical flooding Fracturing

Optimizing the Diameter of Plugging Balls in Deep Shale gas Wells

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第3期20卷 609-624页

作者： Yi Song Zheyu Hu Cheng Shen Lan Ren Xingwu Guo Ran Lin Kun Wang Zhiyong Zhao Shale gas Research Institute PetroChina Southwest Oil&Gasfield CompanyChengdu610056China State Key Laboratory of Oil&gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China National Pipe Network Group Sichuan East Natural gas Transmission Pipeline Co. Ltd.Wuhan430205China Fracturing Acidizing Company Downhole Operation Company of Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Co.Ltd.Chengdu610213China

Deep shale gas reserves that have been fractured typically have many relatively close perforation holes. Due to theproximity of each fracture during the formation of the fracture network, there is significant stress interference,which results in uneven fracture propagation. It is common practice to use “balls” to temporarily plug fractureopenings in order to lessen liquid intake and achieve uniform propagation in each cluster. In this study, a diameteroptimization model is introduced for these plugging balls based on a multi-cluster fracture propagationmodel and a perforation dynamic abrasion model. This approach relies on proper consideration of the multiphasenature of the considered problem and the interaction force between the involved fluid and solid phases. Accordingly,it can take into account the behavior of the gradually changing hole diameter due to proppant continuousperforation erosion. Moreover, it can provide useful information about the fluid-dynamic behavior of the consideredsystem before and after plugging. It is shown that when the diameter of the temporary plugging ball is1.2 times that of the perforation hole, the perforation holes of each cluster can be effectively blocked.

关键词： Deep shale gas fracture propagation fluid mechanics fluid-solid coupling perforation hole abrasion

Tungsten separation behavior on preparation of high-purity cerium by combined vacuum gravity sedimentation-directional solidification

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第6期42卷 1182-1186,I0007页

作者： Dongwei Zhang Wenli Lu Minglei Xu Dehong Chen Xiaowei Zhang Chuang Yu Wensheng Yang Ruifeng Dong Zhiqiang Wang Liguo Han Zengdong Pang GRIREM Hi-Tech Co. Ltd.Langfang065201China National engineering Research Center for Rare Earth China GRINM Group Co.Ltd.Beijing100088China GRIREM Advanced Materials Co. Ltd.Beijing100088China

In light of the difficult removal of harmful impurity tungsten(W)in Ce metal,in this paper a combined vacuum gravity sedimentation-directional solidification method was innovatively designed and the W separation behavior was *** reducing the electron beam power instantly and gradually at reduction rates of 1,3 and 5 kW/min,it is found that W is enriched at the bottom of ingots as the melt *** enrichment effect is much better than that of single purification method and the enrichment degree increases as the beam reduction rate decreases,attributed to the k0(W)>1 andρ(W)>ρ(Ce).Overall,the minimum content of W impurity can decrease from 630 to 0.1 ppm at the top of the ingot,and the purity of Ce increases from 99.932 wt%to 99.995 wt%by this combined ***,this paper provides a new method for the removal of high density and low evaporation coefficient impurities in low vapor pressure rare earth metals.

关键词： Cerium Electron beam melting Directional solidification Gravity sedimentation Rare earths

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The Conversion of Non-Dispersed Polymers into Low-Potassium Anti-Collapse Drilling Fluids

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第2期20卷 325-335页

作者： Hao Hu Jian Guan Shanfa Tang Jialuo Rong Yuanpeng Cheng School of Petroleum engineering Yangzte UniversityWuhan430100China Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and gas Drilling and Production engineering Yangtze UniversityWuhan430100China School of Petroleum engineering Yangtze UniversityNational Engineering Research Center for Oil&Gas Drilling and Completion TechnologyWuhan430100China engineering Technology Research Institute of PetroChina Great Wall Drilling engineering Co. Ltd.Panjin124000China

Different drillingﬂuid systems are designed according to mineral composition,lithology and wellbore stability of different *** the present study,the conversion of a non-dispersed polymer drillingﬂuid into a low potas-sium anti-collapsing drillingﬂuid is *** the two drillingﬂuids belong to completely different types,the key to this conversion is represented by new inhibitors,dispersants and water-loss agents by which a non-dispersed drillingﬂuid can be turned into a dispersed drillingﬂuid while ensuring wellbore stability and reason-able rheology(carrying sand—inhibiting cuttings dispersion).In particular,the(QYZ-1)inhibitors and(FSJSS-2)dispersants are *** former can inhibit the hydration expansion capacity of clay,reduce the dynamic shear force and weaken the viscosity;the latter can improve the sealing effect and reduce theﬁltrate *** results have shown that after adding a reasonable proportion of these substances(QYZ-1:FSJSS-2)to the non-dispersed polymer drillingﬂuid,while the apparent viscosity,plastic viscosity,structural viscosity andﬂuidity index under-went almost negligible changes,the dynamic plastic ratio increased,and theﬁltration loss decreased signiﬁcantly,thereby indicating good *** to the tests(conducted in the Leijia area),the density was 1.293 g/cm3,and after standing for 24 h,the SF(static settlement factor)was ***,theﬁltration loss was reduced to 4.0 mL,the rolling recovery rate reached 96.92%,with excellent plugging and anti-collapse performances.

关键词： Non-dispersed polymer drilling fluid low potassium anti-collapsing drilling fluid drilling fluid conversion drilling fluid reuse filter vector

A New Heat Transfer Model for Multi-Gradient Drilling with Hollow Sphere Injection

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第3期20卷 537-546页

作者： Jiangshuai Wang Chuchu Cai Pan Fu Jun Li Hongwei Yang Song Deng School of Petroleum and Natural gas engineering Changzhou UniversityChangzhouChina CNPC Research Institute of engineering Technology Co. Ltd.BeijingChina National engineering Research Center for Oil&gas Drilling and Completion Technology BeijingChina College of Petroleum engineering China University of Petroleum(Beijing)BeijingChina College of Petroleum Karamay CampusChina University of Petroleum(Beijing)BeijingChina

Multi-gradient drilling is a new offshore drilling *** accurate calculation of the related wellbore temperature is of great significance for the prediction of the gas hydrate formation area and the precise control of the wellbore *** this study,a new heat transfer model is proposed by which the variable mass flow is properly taken into *** this model,the effects of the main factors influencing the wellbore temperature are *** results indicate that at the position where the separation injection device is installed,the temperature increase of the fluid in the drill pipe is mitigated due to the inflow/outflow of hollow spheres,and the temperature drop of the fluid in the annulus also *** addition,a lower separation efficiency of the device,a shallower installation depth and a smaller circulating displacement tend to increase the temperature near the bottom of the annulus,thereby helping to reduce the hydrate generation area and playing a positive role in the prevention and control of hydrates in deepwater drilling.

关键词： Multi-gradient drilling wellbore temperature hydrate separate injection device variable mass

Advancements and New Frontiers in Offshore Seismic Exploration Technology

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第05期 1749-1757页

作者： Yuhong Xie Yunfei Ye Xiaogang Huang Wenbo Sun Yanwen Wei China National Offshore Oil Corporation CNOOC Nanhai Oil and gas Energy Academician Workstation CNOOC Research Institute ltd. National engineering Research Center of Offshore Oil and gas Exploration

0 INTRODUCTION China's external dependence on oil and gas remains high, making the independent exploration and development of oil and gas resources crucial for ensuring national energy security and the sustainable development of the economy and society. In 2023, China continued to step up its efforts in offshore oil and gas exploration and development, with offshore crude oil production surpassing 62 million tons, accounting for about 70% of the national increase in crude oil production. Deepening offshore oil and gas exploration and development is of great significance for guaranteeing national energy security.

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