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Asking one mechanism in glial cells during neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第4期20卷 1077-1078页

作者： Xiaoli Guo Chikako Harada Takayuki Harada Visual research Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan

Multiple sclerosis(MS),which is characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system(CNS),is the most common neurological disease in the young adult *** autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),an animal model of MS,is often used in preclinical *** data indicate that in addition to immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells,CNS resident microglia and astrocytes play important roles in demyelinating neuroinflammation(Healy et al.,2022).In particular,microglia are key immune-competent cells that can respond to environmental *** depletion of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1,a mitogen-associated protein kinase kinase kinase,in microglia is reported to reduce CNS inflammation and diminish axonal and myelin damage *** suggests that elucidating the mechanisms of microglia-specific responses during pathologies may help in the development of treatments that reduce EAE/MS disease severity(Goldmann et al.,2013).

关键词： inflammation clinical

Glia-to-neuron reprogramming to the rescue?

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第5期20卷 1395-1396页

作者： Jack W.Hickmott Cindi M.Morshead Department of Surgery University of TorontoTorontoONCanada Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular research TorontoONCanada institute of Biomedical Engineering University of TorontoTorontoONCanada The KITE research institute Toronto Rehabilitation InstituteUniversity Health NetworkTorontoONCanada

Over the last two decades,the dogma that cell fate is immutable has been increasingly challenged,with important implications for regenerative *** brea kth rough discovery that induced pluripotent stem cells could be generated from adult mouse fibroblasts is powerful proof that cell fate can be *** exciting extension of the discovery of cell fate impermanence is the direct cellular reprogram ming hypothesis-that terminally differentiated cells can be reprogrammed into other adult cell fates without first passing through a stem cell state.

关键词： programming passing proof

Environmental behaviors of phoxim with two formulations in bamboo forest under soil surface mulching

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第9期27卷 91-100页

作者： Yihua Liu Zhanglin Ni Runhong Mo Danyu Shen Donglian Zhong Fubin Tang research institute of Subtropical forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry

Phoxim（emulsifiable concentrate（EC） and granules（G）） has been widely used in bamboo forests. The persistence and magnitude of phoxim residues in the crop and soil must be investigated to ensure human and environmental safety. The environmental behaviors of the two formulations were investigated in a bamboo forest under soil surface mulching conditions（CP） and non-covered cultivation conditions（NCP）. The half-lives of phoxim in soil under the two conditions in soil were 4.1–6.2 days（EC） and 31.5–49.5 days（G）,respectively. Phoxim in EC could be leached from the topsoil into the subsoil. A minimized leaching effect was observed for G under NCP. Inversely, an enhanced leaching effect was observed for G under CP. The G formulation resulted in more parent compound（in bamboo shoots） and metabolite（in soil） residues of phoxim than in the case of EC, especially under CP conditions. In addition, the intensity and duration of the formulation effect on soil p H adjustment from G were more obvious than that from EC. Results showed that the environmental behaviors（distribution, degradation, residue） of phoxim in the bamboo forest were significantly influenced by the type of formulation. The prolongation effect from phoxim G might cause persistence and long-term environmental risk. However,bamboo shoot consumption could be considered relatively safe after applying the recommended dose of the two phoxim formulations.

关键词： Phoxim Formulation Residue Bamboo Soil surface mulching

New glucocerebrosidase antibodies can advance research in the field of neurodegenerative disorders

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Neural Regeneration research 2025年第4期20卷 1085-1086页

作者： Charis Ma Krystyna Rytel Yu Chen Ellen Sidransky Medical Genetics Branch National Human Genome Research InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

In medical research,there are times when the introduction of a new tool can launch scientific discovery in new *** antibody development may be considered mundane,in the field of glucocerebrosidase(GCase)research,the dearth of validated antibodies for different applications has impeded progress in studies of disease pathogenesis and therapeutic *** recent introduction of new,rigorously evaluated antibodies can now propel research into the link between glucocerebrosidase and Parkinson’s disease(PD)as well as aspects of the pathobiology of Gaucher disease(Jong et al.,2024).

关键词： antibodies cerebro

Temperature characteristics of wood during microwave treatments

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Journal of forestry research 2018年第6期29卷 1815-1820页

作者： Hui Xiao Lanying Lin Feng Fu research institute of Wood Industry Chinese Academy of Forestry research institute of forestry New Technology Chinese Academy of Forestry

In order to investigate the temperature characteristics of wood during microwave(MW) treatments,optical fiber sensors were used to measure wood(Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv.) temperatures. The results show that the development of internal temperatures in wood basically includes two patterns during the process of MW treatment. The first may be divided into three phases: warming, constant temperature, and a sharply rising phase. The second pattern may be divided into two phases: warming, and constant temperature. The maximum temperature(MT) and rate of temperature increase(RTI)rose as the microwave power increased. The initial wood moisture content decreased while the period of constant temperature fell. Temperatures varied in different positions in the wood. The order of MT and RTI levels were the upper surface, center, bottom surface and the end *** the direction of wood thickness, the closer the monitoring point was to the generator, the faster the temperature increased. The MT and RTI of the end point was a minimum value because of the rapid removal of steam.

关键词： Microwave treatment Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Initial moisture content Microwave power Temperature characteristics

Woody species Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings tolerance to Pb:Physiological and biochemical response

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 63-73页

作者： Xiang Shi Shufeng Wang Dongxue Wang Haijing Sun Yitai Chen Jianfeng Liu Zeping Jiang research institute of Subtropical forestry Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding of Zhejiang ProvinceChinese Academy of Forestry research institute of forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry forestry College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University

Screening potential plant species is a crucial consideration in phytoremediation *** previous study demonstrated that Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings had potentials for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil. However, its bioaccumulation and tolerance characteristics remain unclear. Seedling growth, LMWOAs secreted by roots, Pb subcellular distribution and chemical forms, and mineral elements in R. chinensis tissues were evaluated under different Pb concentrations(0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L) in culture solution at14 days after planting. R. chinensis did not show visual symptoms of Pb toxicity under lower Pb treatments; however, Pb significantly declined the growth of seedlings under higher Pb treatments. Higher Pb stress also decreased the concentrations of nitrogen in leaves, but increased the concentrations of P and K in roots. Pb stress also decreased Mn concentrations in leaves. A great quantity of Pb was uptake and mostly retained in R. chinensis ***, R. chinensis can still concentrate 459.3 and 1102.7 mg/kg Pb in leaves and stems,respectively. Most of Pb in R. chinensis tissues was stored in the cell wall with HAc-, HCl-, and NaC l-extractable form. LMWOAs secreted by R. chinensis roots showed a strong positive correlation with Pb concentrations in all plant tissues and with P in roots. Our results suggested that Pb deposited in the cell wall and integration with phosphate or oxalate might be responsible for the tolerance of R. chinensis under Pb stress in short period.

关键词： Lead Tolerance Subcellular distribution Chemical form Low molecular weight organic acids

Growth and mineral nutrient analysis of teak (Tectona grandis) grown on acidic soils in south China

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Journal of forestry research 2017年第3期28卷 503-511页

作者： Zaizhi Zhou Shichao Liu Kunnan Liang Huaming Ma Guihua Huang research institute of Tropical forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry

Teak （Tectona grandis L.f.） is widely planted in the world due to its high market demand, economic, ecological and social value. Its plantations have mostly been established and expanded into sites that are acidic to severely acidic in southern China. But, there are no available and specific evidence-based nutrient management techniques. To better recognize and understand the relationship between teak tree growth and nutrient content in the foliage and soil and establish nutrient norms are critical to optimally manage these young plantations. We studied the foliar nutrient and soil chemistry in 19 representative teak plantations aged 5-8 years. Regression analysis indicated that the mean annual increment of teak volume was linearly and positively correlated with foliar N, Ca, Fe and B concentrations, with soil base saturation percentage, available P and Zn concentrations, and negatively correlated with soil Al concentration. Only if the Ca and Mg contents in soil were enhanced, could the increase in soil base saturation percentage benefit teak growth. A revised classification of low-and high-yielding stands was established by using a sorting method of principal components over 6 foliar macro and 8 micro elements in a Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System （DRIS）. Specific DRIS norms for teak plantations in acid soils were derived. The nutrient balance of N, P, K Ca, Mg, Zn, B with Fe or A1, Ca with Mg, and Fe with AI provided a key to promote the growth of teak in acid soils. Meanwhile, soil Zn was also found as a primary trace element that affected teak growth in this study.

关键词： Acid soils DRIS diagnosis and norm Mineral nutrient relationship Plant mineral nutrition Soil properties Teak

Genetic variation in distant and inbred hybridization progenies from three sympodial bamboo parent species

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Journal of forestry research 2019年第4期30卷 1323-1329页

作者： Jin-Ling Yuan Jin-Jun Yue Yuan-Biao Zhong Xiao-Li Wu Xiao-Ping Gu research institute of Subtropical forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry

To achieve germplasm innovation and study genetic variation of important traits of bamboo plants,we used Bambusa multiplex,***,and Dendrocalamus latiflorus as parent materials for distant and inbred *** hybrid populations and three inbred populations were obtained:two populations consisted of 57 hybrid progenies from *** 9 ***,26 hybrid progenies from *** 9 ***,and three inbred progenies were from ***,***,and *** for growth,morphology,and fiber were examined from the five populations when plants were 3 years *** hybrid populations had significant growth advantages in terms of height,diameter at ground level and internodal *** terms of variability in morphological traits,the two hybrid populations followed the same trend,namely,seven morphological traits showed phenotypes that were intermediate to those of their parents;three morphological traits showed strong maternal effects,and three other morphological traits showed strong paternal *** the five populations,the two hybrid populations had high arithmetic average fiber length,lengthweighted average fiber length and mass-weighted average fiber length,moreover,extensive variations of these three traits were observed within these two hybrid *** establishment of distant hybrid populations from these three bamboo species increased the genetic diversity more than in the other species *** work provides excellent materials for breeding new varieties and lays the foundation for understanding the genetics of important traits by analyzing related functional genes.

关键词： Bambusa multiplex B.chungii Dendrocalamus latiflorus Distant hybridization Genetic variation

Genetic variation in growth traits and stem–branch characteristics and their relationships to Eucalyptus clones

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Journal of forestry research 2015年第4期26卷 957-962页

作者： Shijun Wu Zhaohua Lu Jianmin Xu Guangchao Chen Yingan Zhu Guangyou Li research institute of Tropical forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry

Eucalyptus has become an important genus in China because it displays adaptability to a wide range of site conditions and produces pulp wood and veneer on short rotations. The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and relationships and consider impli- cations for development of clonal forestry. We assessed growth traits, stem-branch characteristics, crown diameter and height of fresh branch for 20 Eucalyptus hybrid clones in China measured at the age of 44 months. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences in growth traits, height of fresh branch and stem straightness among clones. Significant differences in height, volume, crown diameter, height of fresh branch and branch size among replicates were also recorded. Coefficients of vari- ation ranged from 9.84 to 28.54 % for growth traits, 12.03 to 17.25 % for stem-branch characteristics, 18.26 % for crown diameter and 11.73 % for height of fresh branch. Estimates of repeatabilities for height, diameter at breastheight over bark, volume, crown diameter, height of fresh branch, stem straightness and branch size at clone mean level were 0.86, 0.80, 0.80, 0.54, 0.85, 0.77 and 0.44 respectively. Diameter at breast height over bark and height had strongly positive phenotypic and genotypic correlations with volume, ranging from 0.96 to 1.00. The positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations between growth traits and other studied traits suggested that fast growing clones always had bigger crown diameter, higher height of fresh branch, straighter stems and relatively smaller branches.

关键词： Multiple comparison Clonal variation Genotypic and phenotypic correlations Eucalyptus clones