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Medical services for sports injuries and illnesses in the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter games

World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第6期13卷 459-466页

作者： Peng-da Han Ding Gao Jie Liu Jing Lou Si-jia Tian Hui-xin Lian Sheng-mei Niu Lu-xi Zhang Yong Wang Jin-jun Zhang Emergence Medical Service Group for Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter games Beijing Emergency Medical CenterBeijing 100031China department of General Surgery Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100730China Games Services Department Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter GamesBeijing100041China

BACKGROUND:Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter games was the second games held amid the COVID-19 pandemic.To a certain extent,it has altered the way sporting activities operate.There is a lack of knowledge on injury risk and illness occurrence in elite winter sport athletes amid the COVID-19 pandemic.This study aimed to describe the incidence of injuries and illnesses sustained during the XXIV Olympic Winter games in Beijing from February 4 to 20,2022.METHODS:We recorded the daily number of injuries and illnesses among athletes reported by Beijing 2022 medical staff in the polyclinic,medical venues,and ambulance.We calculated injury and illness incidence as the number of injuries or illnesses occurring during competition or training,respectively,with incidence presented as injuries/illnesses per 100 athlete-days.RESULTS:In total,2,897 athletes from 91 nations experienced injury or illness.Beijing 2022 medical staff reported 326 injuries and 80 illnesses,equaling 11.3 injuries and 2.8 illnesses per 100 athletes over the 17-day period.Altogether,11%of the athletes incurred at least one injury and nearly 3%incurred at least one illness.The number of injured athletes was highest in the skating sports(n=104),followed by alpine skiing(n=53),ice track(n=37),freestyle skiing(n=36),and ice hockey(n=35),and was the lowest in the Nordic skiing disciplines(n=20).Of the 326 injuries,14(4.3%)led to an estimated absence from training or competition of more than 1 week.A total of 52 injured athletes were transferred to hospitals for further care.The number of athletes with illness(n=80)was the highest for skating(n=33)and Nordic skiing(n=22).A total of 50 illnesses(62.5%)were admitted to the department of dentistry/ophthalmology/otolaryngology,and the most common cause of illness was other causes,including preexisting illness and medicine(n=52,65%).CONCLUSION:Overall,11%of athletes incurred at least one injury during the games,which is similar to the findings during the Olympic Winter games in 2014 and 2018.Regarding illness,2%of athlet

关键词： Injuries Illnesses Olympic Winter games Emergency medical service

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Risk management strategies for the 2022 Olympic Winter games:The Beijing scheme

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第5期11卷 545-547页

作者： Jie Liu Jing Lou Yong Wang Jinjun Zhang department of General Surgery Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100730China Emergence Medical Service Group for the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter games Beijing Emergency Medical CenterBeijing 100031China Games Services Department Beijing Organizing Committee for the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter GamesBeijing 102022China

As the first international sporting event scheduled since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,the Beijing XXIV Olympic Winter games were officially held in China between the 4th and 20th of February 2022.1 According to the International Olympic Committee(IOC),there were approximately 2900 elite athletes from 91 National Olympic Committees competing in 109 events during the 16 days of the games.2 In fact,under the conditions of a global pandemic,mass gatherings during large-scale sporting events represent a conducive environment for viral transmission given the close,prolonged,and frequent interactions between participants;this includes an increased risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).

关键词： gathering elite Winter

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Disease distribution and medical resources during the Beijing 2008 Olympic and Paralympic games

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第7期124卷 1031-1036页

作者： LIANG Xue-ya LAN Ling CHEN Wei-na ZHANG Ai-ping LU Chao-ying LU Yan-wei DAI Jian-ping department of Gastroenterology Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Beijing 100035 China department of Endocrinology Beijing Jishuitan Hospital Beijing 100035 China Capital Institute of Physical Education Beijing 100191 China Games Services Department Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of XXIX Olympiad Beijing Organizing Committee for Olympic Games for Short Beijing 100035 China Medical services Division Beijing Organizing Committee for Olympic Games Beijing Municipal Health Bureau Beijing 100053 China Clinical Statistics and Epidemiology Research Office Beijing Research Institute of Tranmatology and Orthopaedics Beijing 100035 China department of Radiology Tiantan Hospital Beijing 100050 China

Background Appropriate planning and staffing for medical services at large-scale athletic events is essential to provide for a safe and successful competition. There are few well-documented accounts describing the demand for such services. The present study provided the data from the Beijing 2008 Olympics and Paralympics, with a view to provide the guidance for planning future events.

关键词： Olympic games ParaIympic games disease distribution athletes

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Effects of a closed-loop system against SARS-CoV-2 at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter games:a descriptive and modeling study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第6期14卷 471-476页

作者： Rong Xiong Jieping Zhou Wenning Li Jie Liu Jing Lou Sijia Tian Huixin Lian Shengmei Niu Luxi Zhang Wenhang Li Jinjun Zhang Emergence Medical Service Group for Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic games Beijing Emergency Medical CenterBeijing 100031China department of Neurology Beijing Fuxing HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China department of General Surgery Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100730China Games Services Department Beijing Organizing Committeefor the 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games

BACKGROUND:To assess the efficacy of the epidemic prevention measures of the“closed-loop”system adopted by the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter games(BOWG).METHODS:We retrospectively collected and analyzed information,including age,sex,nationality,vaccination status,date of diagnosis,and date of entry,from 280 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals identified during the BOWG.A susceptibility-exposed-infectious-remove model was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of epidemic prevention strategies on controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 under different scenarios during the BOWG.RESULTS:Regarding SARS-CoV-2-positive cases,97.9%were imported,and 96.4%were asymptomatic.The median age was 37 years(range:29–47 years),and 73.9%were male,with the majority of cases being broadcasters and European attendees.Regarding vaccination status,93.5%were fully vaccinated,and six cases were considered to have been infected in the closed-loop system during the BOWG.Assuming that the BOWG adopted a semi-closed-loop management system,the cumulative number of confirmed cases would be 1,137 for quick quarantine measures(3 d later)implemented and 5,530 for delayed quarantine measures(9 d later)implemented.This modeling revealed that stringent pandemic prevention measures and closed-loop management effectively controlled the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the BOWG.CONCLUSION:Imported cases are considered the main risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 transmission during mass gatherings,but a comprehensive closed-loop system could minimize transmission among attendees and general personnel.

关键词： Olympic Winter games Emergency medical service SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 Infectious disease Transmission

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Medical care delivery at the Beijing 2008 Olympicgames

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011年第4期2卷 267-271页

作者： Jin-jun Zhang Li-dong Wang Zhi Chen Jun Ma Jian-ping Dai Beijing Emergency Medical Center Beijing 100031China Medical services department of Beijing Organizing Committee for the games of the XXIX Olympiad Beijing 102008China

BACKGROUND： Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Olympic games, and the servicesincluding medical services were widely appreciated by both participants and visitors. Weretrospectively analyzed the quality of the medical services provided to athletes, spectators, VIPs,and the workforce during the Beijing 2008 Olympic games. The information thus gathered would beuseful for planning strategies for managing mass gatherings.METHODS： Medical encounter forms filled during the Beijing 2008 Olympic games wereretrospectively reviewed. Descriptive statistics was used to characterize the data by accreditation anddiagnostic categories.RESULTS： A total of 22 892 medical encounters were documented during the Beijing 2008Olympic games. Among them, 10 549 （46.08%） involved the workforce, 3 365 （14.70%） athletes,3 019 （13.19%） spectators, 585 （2.56%） members of the media, 1 065 （4.65%） VIPs, and 4 309（18.82%） others. Of the 22 892 cases, physical injury accounted for 27.90% （6 386）, respiratorydisease 18.21% （4 169）, and heat-related illnesses 2.68% （615）.CONCLUSIONS： Preparations of the medical service for the Beijing 2008 Olympic gameswere made for 7 years, and the service provided has been praised worldwide. This study providesvaluable information that may be useful for planning medical services for upcoming Olympic games,including the London 2012 Olympic games and other mass gatherings.

关键词： Sports medicine Athletic injuries Mass gatherings Emergency medicalservices Medical care team

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User Interface-Based Repeated Sequence Detection Method for Authentication

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Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing 2023年第3期35卷 2573-2588页

作者： Shin Jin Kang Soo Kyun Kim School of games Hongik UniversitySejong30016Korea department of Computer Engineering Jeju National UniversityJeju63243Korea

In this paper,we propose an authentication method that use mouse and keystroke dynamics to enhance online privacy and security.The proposed method identiﬁes personalized repeated user interface(UI)sequences by analyzing mouse and keyboard data.To this end,an Apriori algorithm based on the keystroke-level model(KLM)of the human–computer interface domain was used.The proposed system can detect repeated UI sequences based on KLM for authentication in the software.The effectiveness of the proposed method is veriﬁed through access test-ing using commercial applications that require intensive UI interactions.The results show using our cognitive mouse-and-keystroke dynamics system can com-plement authentication at the application level.

关键词： Authentication keystroke-level model(KLM) keystroke mouse dynamics

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Game Outlier Behavior Detection System Based on Dynamic Time Warp Algorithm

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第4期130卷 219-237页

作者： Shinjin Kang Soo Kyun Kim School of games Hongik UniversitySejong30016Korea department of Computer Engineering Jeju National UniversityJeju63243Korea

This paper proposes a methodology for using multi-modal data in gameplay to detect outlier behavior.The proposedmethodology collects,synchronizes,and quantifies time-series data fromwebcams,mouses,and keyboards.Facial expressions are varied on a one-dimensional pleasure axis,and changes in expression in the mouth and eye areas are detected separately.Furthermore,the keyboard and mouse input frequencies are tracked to determine the interaction intensity of users.Then,we apply a dynamic time warp algorithm to detect outlier behavior.The detected outlier behavior graph patterns were the play patterns that the game designer did not intend or play patterns that differed greatly from those of other users.These outlier patterns can provide game designers with feedback on the actual play experiences of users of the game.Our results can be applied to the game industry as game user experience analysis,enabling a quantitative evaluation of the excitement of a game.

关键词： Facial expression recognition webcam behavior analysis affective computing

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The extended renin-angiotensin system: a promising target for traumatic brain injury therapeutics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第6期15卷 1025-1026页

作者： Zachary C.Janatpour Aviva J.Symes department of Pharmacology Uniformed Services University

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide.Global assessments estimate that over 27 million cases of TBI occur annually,resulting in over 8 million years lived with disability(GBD 2016 Dementia Collaborators,2019).Over 30 clinical trials have failed to show efficacy in TBI,and patients are currently left without any promising therapeutic options(Villapol et al.,2015).The pathophysiology of TBI is commonly divided into primary and secondary injuries.Primary injury refers to the parenchymal damage that occurs as an immediate consequence of acute kinetic energy transfer to the brain(i.e.,membrane rupture,hemorrhage,axotomy,etc.).Secondary injury encompasses the deleterious molecular and cellular responses that occur in response to the primary injury in the minutes,hours or days following.The search for therapeutics that mitigate the effects of the secondary injury and/or assist endogenous repair processes remains a large focus of TBI research(Umschweif et al.,2014;Villapol et al.,2015;Janatpour et al.,2019).

关键词： injuries endogenous injury

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Outlier Behavior Detection for Indoor Environment Based on t-SNE Clustering

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第9期68卷 3725-3736页

作者： Shinjin Kang Soo Kyun Kim School of games Hongik UniversitySejong30016Korea department of Computer Engineering Jeju National UniversityJeju63243Korea

In this study,we propose a low-cost system that can detect the space outlier utilization of residents in an indoor environment.We focus on the users’app usage to analyze unusual behavior,especially in indoor spaces.This is reflected in the behavioral analysis in that the frequency of using smartphones in personal spaces has recently increased.Our system facilitates autonomous data collection from mobile app logs and Google app servers and generates a high-dimensional dataset that can detect outlier behaviors.The density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN)algorithm was applied for effective singular movement analysis.To analyze high-level mobile phone usage,the t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding(t-SNE)algorithm was employed.These two clustering algorithms can effectively detect outlier behaviors in terms of movement and app usage in indoor spaces.The experimental results showed that our system enables effective spatial behavioral analysis at a low cost when applied to logs collected in actual living spaces.Moreover,large volumes of data required for outlier detection can be easily acquired.The system can automatically detect the unusual behavior of a user in an indoor space.In particular,this study aims to reflect the recent trend of the increasing use of smartphones in indoor spaces to the behavioral analysis.

关键词： Outlier detection trajectory clustering behavior analysis app data smartphone

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Effects of dexmedetomidine and dexketoprofen on the conduction block of rat sciatic nerve

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第5期15卷 929-935页

作者： Sengal Bagci Taylan Hulagu Bariskaner department of Medical services and Techniques Vocational School of Health ServicesHakkari UniversityHakkariTurkey department of Pharmacology School of MedicineSelcuk UniversityKonyaTurkey

Dexmedetomidine is a selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist that is used because of its sedative,anxiolytic,and analgesic effects.Dexketoprofen,which is used as an analgesic,is a nonselective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).The use of dexmedetomidine and dexketoprofen as adjuvants to local anesthetics for the peripheral nerve is gradually increasing.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of dexmedetomidine and dexketoprofen on conduction block of rat sciatic nerve.The isolated sciatic nerve from adult rats was transferred to a nerve chamber.The compound action potentials (CAPs) were recorded from stimulated nerve with electrophysiological methods.Dexmedetomidine (n = 8) and dexketoprofen (n = 8) were administered in the chamber with cumulative concentrations of 10–9 to 10–5 M,and the CAPs were recorded for 5 and 10 minutes.The CAP parameters were calculated.Both dexmedetomidine and dexketoprofen significantly depressed all CAP parameters in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group,i.e.,the group in which rats did not receive treatment.CAP parameters showed there was no significant difference in nerve conduction inhibition between dexmedetomidine and dexketoprofen.Higher doses of dexmedetomidine suppressed the conduction in the fast-conducting fibers;however,dexketoprofen was found to suppress the conduction in the slow-conducting fibers in a time-dependent manner and suppress the conduction in the medium- and slow-conducting fibers in a dose-dependent manner.These findings suggest that dexmedetomidine and dexketoprofen exhibit better anesthetic effects on peripheral nerve through different ways of action.The experimental procedures were approved by the Necmettin Erbakan University on January 30,2013 (approval No.2013-024).

关键词： compound action potentials dexketoprofen dexmedetomidine maximum depolarization nerve chamber nerve fibers sciatic nerve

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