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Gravitational wave footprints from Higgs-portal scalegenesis with multiple dark chiral scalars

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期48卷 209-221页

作者： He-Xu Zhang Shinya Matsuzaki Hiroyuki Ishida center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin UniversityChangchun 130012China center for Liberal Arts and Sciences Toyama Prefectural UniversityToyama 939-0398Japan

We discuss the gravitational wave(gw)spectra predicted from the electroweak scalegenesis of the Higgs portal type with a large number of dark chiral flavors,which many flavor QCD would underlie and give the dynamical explanation of the negative Higgs portal coupling required to trigger the electroweak symmetry breaking.We employ the linear-sigma model as the low-energy description of dark many flavor QCD and show that the model undergoes ultra-supercooling due to the produced strong first-order thermal phase transition along the(approximately realized)flat direction based on the Gildener-Weinberg mechanism.Passing through evaluation of the bubble nucleation/percolation,we address the reheating and relaxation processes,which are generically non-thermal and nonadiabatic.Parametrizing the reheating epoch in terms of the e-folding number,we propose proper formulae for the redshift effects on the gw frequencies and signal spectra.It then turns out that the ultra-supercooling predicted from the Higgs-portal scalegenesis generically yields none of gw signals with the frequencies as low as nano Hz,unless the released latent heat is transported into another sector other than reheating the universe.Instead,models of this class prefer to give the higher frequency signals and still keeps the future prospected detection sensitivity,like at LISA,BBO,and DECIGO,etc.We also find that with large flavors in the dark sector,the gw signals are made further smaller and the peak frequencies higher.Characteristic phenomenological consequences related to the multiple chiral scalars include the prediction of dark pions with the mass much less than TeV scale,which is also briefly addressed.

关键词： gravitational wave electroweak scalegenesis many flavor QCD

Gravitational wave footprints from Higgs-portal scalegenesis with multiple dark chiral scalars

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第4期 213-225页

作者：张贺旭 Shinya Matsuzaki Hiroyuki Ishida center for Theoretical Physics and College of Physics Jilin University center for Liberal Arts and Sciences Toyama Prefectural University

We discuss the gravitational wave(gw) spectra predicted from the electroweak scalegenesis of the Higgs portal type with a large number of dark chiral flavors, which many flavor QCD would underlie and give the dynamical explanation of the negative Higgs portal coupling required to trigger the electroweak symmetry breaking.We employ the linear-sigma model as the low-energy description of dark many flavor QCD and show that the model undergoes ultra-supercooling due to the produced strong first-order thermal phase transition along the(approximately realized) flat direction based on the Gildener-Weinberg mechanism. Passing through evaluation of the bubble nucleation/percolation, we address the reheating and relaxation processes, which are generically non-thermal and nonadiabatic. Parametrizing the reheating epoch in terms of the e-folding number, we propose proper formulae for the redshift effects on the gw frequencies and signal spectra. It then turns out that the ultra-supercooling predicted from the Higgs-portal scalegenesis generically yields none of gw signals with the frequencies as low as nano Hz,unless the released latent heat is transported into another sector other than reheating the universe. Instead, models of this class prefer to give the higher frequency signals and still keeps the future prospected detection sensitivity, like at LISA, BBO, and DECIGO, etc. We also find that with large flavors in the dark sector, the gw signals are made further smaller and the peak frequencies higher. Characteristic phenomenological consequences related to the multiple chiral scalars include the prediction of dark pions with the mass much less than Te V scale, which is also briefly addressed.

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Detection of astrophysical gravitational wave sources by TianQin and LISA

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第5期67卷 123-163页

作者： Alejandro Torres-Orjuela Shun-Jia Huang Zheng-Cheng Liang Shuai Liu Hai-Tian Wang Chang-Qing Ye Yi-Ming Hu Jianwei Mei MOE Key Laboratory of Tian Qin Mission Tian Qin Research Center for Gravitational PhysicsSchool of Physics and AstronomyFrontiers Science Center for Tian QinGravitational Wave Research Center of CNSASun Yat-Sen University(Zhuhai Campus)Zhuhai 519082China Department of Physics The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking UniversityBeijing100871China

TianQin and LISA are space-based laser interferometer gravitational wave(gw)detectors planned to be launched in the mid-2030s.Both detectors will detect low-frequency gws around 10^(-2)Hz;however,Tian Qin is more sensitive to frequencies above this common sweet-spot while LISA is more sensitive to frequencies below 10^(-2)Hz.Therefore,Tian Qin and LISA will be able to detect the same sources but with different accuracy depending on the source and its parameters.We consider some of the most important astrophysical sources—massive black hole binaries,stellar-mass black hole binaries,double white dwarfs,extreme mass ratio inspirals,light and heavy intermediate mass ratio inspirals,as well as the stochastic gravitational background of astrophysical origin—that Tian Qin and LISA will be able to detect.For each of these sources,we analyze how far they can be detected(detection distance)and how well their parameters can be measured(detection accuracy)using a Fisher Matrix analysis.We compare the results obtained by the three detection scenarios(Tian Qin alone,LISA alone,and joint detection by LISA and Tian Qin)highlighting the gains from joint detection as well as the contribution of Tian Qin and LISA to a combined study of astrophysical sources.In particular,we consider the different orientations,lifetimes,and duty cycles of the two detectors to explore how they can give a more complete picture when working together.

关键词： wave extreme stochastic

CD137 agonist potentiates the abscopal efficacy of nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy for melanoma

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Nano Research 2022年第3期15卷 2300-2314页

作者： Preethi Bala Balakrishnan Debbie KLedezma Juliana Cano-Mejia Jaclyn Andricovich Erica Palmer Vishal APatel Patricia SLatham Eric SYvon Alejandro Villagra Rohan Fernandes Elizabeth E.Sweeney gw cancer center Department of MedicineSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA The Institute for Biomedical Sciences School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA gw cancer center Department of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineSchool of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052USA Department of Dermatology&Oncology School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20037USA Department of Pathology School of Medicine and Health SciencesGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20037USA ImmunoBlue BethesdaMD 20817USA

Despite the promise of immunotherapy such as the immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 for advanced melanoma,only 26%–52%of patients respond,and many experience grade III/IV immune-related adverse events.Motivated by the need for an effective therapy for patients non-responsive to clinically approved ICIs,we have developed a novel nanoimmunotherapy that combines locally administered Prussian blue nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy(PBNP-PTT)with systemically administered agonistic anti-CD137 monoclonal antibody therapy(aCD137).PBNP-PTT was administered at various thermal doses to melanoma cells in vitro,and was combined with aCD137 in vivo to test treatment effects on melanoma tumor progression,animal survival,immunological protection against tumor rechallenge,and hepatotoxicity.When administered at a melanoma-specific thermal dose,PBNP-PTT elicits immunogenic cell death(ICD)in melanoma cells and upregulates markers associated with antigen presentation and immune cell co-stimulation in vitro.Consequently,PBNP-PTT eliminates primary melanoma tumors in vivo,yielding long-term tumor-free survival.However,the antitumor immune effects generated by PBNP-PTT cannot eliminate secondary tumors,despite significantly slowing their growth.The addition of aCD137 enables significant abscopal efficacy and improvement of survival,functioning through activated dendritic cells and tumor-infiltrating CD8^(+)T cells,and generates CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cell memory that manifests in the rejection of tumor rechallenge,with no long-term hepatotoxicity.This study describes for the first time a novel and effective nanoimmunotherapy combination of PBNP-PTT with aCD137 mAb therapy for melanoma.

关键词： photothermal therapy Prussian blue nanoparticles anti-CD137 melanoma nanoimmunotherapy

Genetic mutation of Tas2r104/Tas2r105/Tas2r114 cluster leads to a loss of taste perception to denatonium benzoate and cucurbitacin B

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2024年第3期7卷 324-336页

作者： Bowen Niu Lingling Liu Qian Gao Meng-Min Zhu Lixiang Chen Xiu-Hua Peng Boying Qin Xiaohui Zhou Feng Li Department of Laboratory Animal Science Shanghai Public Health Clinical CenterFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Biology College of Life SciencesShanghai Normal UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China

Background:Bitter taste receptors(Tas2rs)are generally considered to sense various bitter compounds to escape the intake of toxic substances.Bitter taste receptors have been found to widely express in extraoral tissues and have important physiological functions outside the gustatory system in vivo.Methods:To investigate the physiological functions of the bitter taste receptor cluster Tas2r106/Tas2r104/Tas2r105/Tas2r114 in lingual and extraoral tissues,multiple Tas2rs mutant mice and Gnat3 were produced using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technique.A mixture containing Cas9 and sgRNA mRNAs for Tas2rs and Gnat3 gene was microinjected into the cytoplasm of the zygotes.Then,T7EN1 assays and sequencing were used to screen genetic mutation at the target sites in founder mice.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and immunostaining were used to study the expression level of taste signaling cascade and bitter taste receptor in taste buds.Perception to taste substance was also studied using twobottle preference tests.Results:We successfully produced several Tas2rs and Gnat3 mutant mice using the CRISPR/Cas9 technique.Immunostaining results showed that the expression of GNAT3 and PLCB2 was not altered in Tas2rs mutant mice.But qRT-PCR results revealed the changed expression profile of m Tas2rs gene in taste buds of these mutant mice.With two-bottle preference tests,these mutant mice eliminate responses to cycloheximide due to genetic mutation of Tas2r105.In addition,these mutant mice showed a loss of taste perception to quinine dihydrochloride,denatonium benzoate,and cucurbitacin B(CuB).Gnat3-mediated taste receptor and its signal pathway contribute to CuB perception.Conclusions:These findings implied that these mutant mice would be a valuable means to understand the biological functions of TAS2Rs in extraoral tissues and investigate bitter compound-induced responses mediated by these TAS2Rs in many extraoral tissues.

关键词： bitter taste receptor CRISPR/Cas9 genetic mutation two-bottle preference test type 2 taste receptors(Tas2rs)

Implications of neutron skin measurements on Skyrme equations of state

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 155-161页

作者：管大为裴俊琛蒋崇基 State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Southern center for Nuclear-Science Theory(SCNT) Institute of Modern PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesHuizhou 516000China

The recent measurements of neutron skins via parity violation in electron scattering have extracted an abnormally thick neutron skin for 208 Pb,which has significant consequences in nuclear equation of state(EoS)and neutron star observations.In this study,we perform optimizations of extended Skyrme forces in a consistent manner by including neutron skin thicknesses from PREX-Ⅱand CREX experiments and investigate nuclear EoSs and neutron stars in the gw170817 event By varying the fitting weights of neutron skins,several new Skyrme parameterizations are obtained.Our results show the competition in the fitting procedure to simultaneously describe neutron skins,other properties of finite nuclei,and neutron star observations.The prospects of resolving neutron skin issues are also discussed.

关键词： neutron skin equation of state neutron star Skyrme force

乙醇胺可作为血糖控制良好的糖尿病患者发生糖尿病视网膜病变的潜在生物标志物和基于生物标志物的防治策略（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第12期 1920-1935页

作者：胡光奕顾丽萍王若男菅启智吕康甲夏梦雪赖梦宇申婷婷胡敬杨森叶存奇张筱楠王育璠许迅张芳 National Clinical Research center for Eye Diseases Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Eye Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases Shanghai Engineering center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shanghai General Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for cancer Molecular Cell Biology Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University Kidney Disease center The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine

Diabetic retinopathy(DR) is the leading cause of blindness among the working-age population. Although controlling blood glucose levels effectively reduces the incidence and development of DR to less than 50%,there are currently no diagnostic biomarkers or effective treatments for DR development in glucose-wellcontrolled diabetic patients(gw-DR). In this study, we established a prospective gw-DR cohort by strictly adhering to glycemic control guidelines and maintaining regular retinal examinations over a median 2-year follow-up period. The discovery cohort encompassed 71 individuals selected from a pool of 292 recruited diabetic patients at baseline, all of whom consistently maintained hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)levels below 7% without experiencing hypoglycemia. Within this cohort of 71 individuals, 21 subsequently experienced new-onset gw-DR, resulting in an incidence rate of 29.6%. In the validation cohort, we also observed a significant gw-DR incidence rate of 17.9%. Employing targeted metabolomics, we investigated the metabolic characteristics of serum in gw-DR, revealing a significant association between lower levels of ethanolamine and gw-DR risk. This association was corroborated in the validation cohort, exhibiting superior diagnostic performance in distinguishing gw-DR from diabetes compared to the conventional risk factor HbA1c, with AUCs of 0.954 versus 0.506 and 0.906 versus 0.521 in the discovery and validation cohorts, respectively. Furthermore, in a streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rat model, ethanolamine attenuated diabetic retinal inflammation, accompanied by suppression of microglial diacylglycerol(DAG)-dependent protein kinase C(PKC) pathway activation. In conclusion, we propose that ethanolamine is a potential biomarker and represents a viable biomarker-based therapeutic option for gw-DR.

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DNA alkylation lesion repair: outcomes and implications in cancer chemotherapy

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2021年第1期22卷 47-62页

作者： Yihan PENG Huadong PEI Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDC 20037USA gw cancer center the George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDC 20052USA

Alkylated DNA lesions, induced by both exogenous chemical agents and endogenous metabolites, represent a major form of DNA damage in cells. The repair of alkylation damage is critical in all cells because such damage is cytotoxic and potentially mutagenic. Alkylation chemotherapy is a major therapeutic modality for many tumors, underscoring the importance of the repair pathways in cancer cells. Several different pathways exist for alkylation repair, including base excision and nucleotide excision repair, direct reversal by methyl-guanine methyltransferase(MGMT), and dealkylation by the AlkB homolog(ALKBH) protein family. However, maintaining a proper balance between these pathways is crucial for the favorable response of an organism to alkylating agents. Here, we summarize the progress in the field of DNA alkylation lesion repair and describe the implications for cancer chemotherapy.

关键词： Alkylation repair Base excision repair Methyl-guanine methyltransferase(MGMT) AlkB homolog(ALKBH)

Taiji-TianQin-LISA network:Precisely measuring the Hubble constant using both bright and dark sirens

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 59-77页

作者： Shang-Jie Jin Ye-Zhu Zhang Ji-Yu Song Jing-Fei Zhang Xin Zhang Key Laboratory of Cosmology and Astrophysics(Liaoning)&College of Sciences Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Data Analytics and Optimization for Smart Industry(Ministry of Education) Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China National Frontiers Science center for Industrial Intelligence and Systems Optimization Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

In the coming decades,the space-based gravitational-wave(gw)detectors such as Taiji,TianQin,and LISA are expected to form a network capable of detecting millihertz gws emitted by the mergers of massive black hole binaries(MBHBs).In this work,we investigate the potential of gw standard sirens from the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network in constraining cosmological parameters.For the optimistic scenario in which electromagnetic(EM)counterparts can be detected,we predict the number of detectable bright sirens based on three different MBHB population models,i.e.,popⅢ,Q3d,and Q3nod.Our results show that the TaijiTianQin-LISA network alone could achieve a constraint precision of 0.9%for the Hubble constant,meeting the standard of precision cosmology.Moreover,the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network could effectively break the cosmological parameter degeneracies generated by the CMB data,particularly in the dynamical dark energy models.When combined with the CMB data,the joint CMB+Taiji-TianQin-LISA data offerσ(w)=0.036 in the wCDM model,which is close to the latest constraint result obtained from the CMB+SN data.We also consider a conservative scenario in which EM counterparts are not available.Due to the precise sky localizations of MBHBs by the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network,the constraint precision of the Hubble constant is expected to reach 1.2%.In conclusion,the gw standard sirens from the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network will play a critical role in helping solve the Hubble tension and shedding light on the nature of dark energy.

关键词： space-based gravitational wave detection standard sirens the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network the Hubble constant dark energy