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Increasing the value of weather-related warnings

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science Bulletin 2019年第10期64卷 647-649页

作者： Qinghong Zhang Liye Li Beth Ebert Brian Golding David Johnston Brian Mills Shannon Panchuk Sally Potter Michael Riemer Juanzhen Sun Andrea Taylor Sarah Jones Paolo Ruti Julia Keller HIWeather International Coordination Office Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Deutscher Wetterdienst Research and Development Offenbach 6306乙 Germany World Weather Research Division World Meteorological Organization Geneva 1211 Switzerland Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic sciences School of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Bureau of Meteorology Melbourne Victoria 3001 Australia Met Office Exeter Devon EXI 3PB UK gns science/massey university Willington 6140 New Zealand university of Waterloo and Environment and Climate Change Canada Waterloo N2L 3G1 Canada Institute of Atmospheric Physics University of Mainz Mainz 55128 Germany National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80307-3000 USA university of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK

Despite advances in forecasting and emergency preparedness, weather related disasters continue to cost many lives, to displace populations and to cause wide-spread damage. Therefore, High Impact Weather Project (HIWeather), a 10-year research project (https://***/en/resources/buHetin/hiweather-10-yearresearch- project), was established in 2016 by WM0 (World Meteorology Organization) WWRP (World Weather Research Program: https://***/pages/prog/arep/wwrp/new/wwrp_new_en. html). HIWeather aimed at achieving dramatic improvements in the effectiveness of weather-related hazard warnings, following recent advancement in numerical weather prediction at km-scale and in disaster risk reduction. The implementation plan was developed under the concept of warning chain, which comprises all components and the connections between to a successful weather-hazards warning: observations, weather forecast, hazard forecast, impact forecast, the generation of warnings and decision making (Fig. 1). A successful warning relies on information produced by the meteorological and related physical sciences, thus its effectiveness of delivery depends on applications of social, behavioral and economic sciences. The workshop of WM0 High Impact Weather Project was held in Beijing during 20-22 November of 2018, attracted a diverse and interdisciplinary group of over 70 scientists from 25 countries in the broad field of physical and social science, during which all elements of the warning chain were discussed critically.

关键词： Despite advances forecasting and emergency weather related disasters

ExoHCR: a sensitive assay to profile PD-L1 level on tumor exosomes for immunotherapeutic prognosis

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Biophysics Reports 2020年第6期6卷 290-298页

作者： Lujun Hu Wenjie Chen Shurong Zhou Guizhi Zhu College of Bioengineering Sichuan University of Science and Engineering Institute for Structural Biology Drug Discovery and DevelopmentVirginia Commonwealth University The Developmental Therapeutics Program Massey Cancer CenterVirginia Commonwealth University Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and sciences Department of PharmaceuticsSchool of PharmacyVirginia Commonwealth University

Cancer immunotherapy has made recent breakthrough, including immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)that inhibits immunosuppressive checkpoints such as programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1). However, most cancer patients do not durably respond to ICB. To predict ICB responses for patient stratification, conventional immunostaining has been used to analyze the PD-L1 expression level on biopsied tumor tissues but has limitations of invasiveness and tumor heterogeneity. Recently, PD-L1 levels on tumor cell exosomes showed the potential to predict ICB response. Here, we developed a non-invasive, sensitive, and fast assay, termed as exosome-hybridization chain reaction(ExoHCR), to analyze tumor cell exosomal PD-L1 levels. First, using a CD63-conjugated magnetic beads, we isolated exosomes from B16 F10 melanoma and CT26 colorectal cancer cells that were immunostimulated to generate PD-L1-positive exosomes. Exosomes were then incubated with a conjugate of PD-L1 antibody with an HCR trigger DNA(T), in which one a PD-L1-T conjugate carried multiple copies of T. Next, a pair of metastable fluorophore-labeled hairpin DNA(H1 and H2) were added, allowing T on a PD-L1-T to initiate HCR in situ on bead-conjugated exosome surfaces. By flow cytometric analysis of the resulting beads, relative to a PD-L1-fluorophore conjugates, ExoHCR amplified the fluorescence signal intensities for exosome detection by 3–7 times in B16 F10 cells and CT26 ***, we validated the biostability of ExoHCR in culture medium supplemented with 50% *** results suggest the potential of ExoHCR for non-invasive, sensitive, and fast PD-L1 exosomal profiling in patient stratification of cancer immunotherapy.

关键词： Immunotherapy Exosome Immune checkpoint Hybridization chain reaction PD-L1 analysis

Fine mapping of genomic regions associated with female fertility in Nellore beef cattle based on sequence variants from segregating sires

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Journal of Animal science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 303-315页

作者： Gerson A.Oliveira Júnior Daniel J.A.Santos Aline S.M.Cesar Solomon A.Boison Ricardo V.Ventura Bruno C.Perez JoséF.Garcia JoséBento S.Ferraz Dorian J.Garrick Department of Veterinary Medicine University of São Paulo(USP)Faculty of Animal Science and Food EngineerPirassunungaSPBrazil Department of Animal Bioscience Center for Genetic Improvement of LivestockUniversity of GuelphGuelphONCanada Department of Animal and Avian sciences University of MarylandCollege ParkMarylandUSA Department of Animal science University of São Paulo(USP)PiracicabaSPBrazil Department of Sustainable Agricultural Systems University of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria Department of Animal Nutrition and Production School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal ScienceUniversity of São Paulo(USP)PirassunungaBrazil Department of Support Production and Animal HealthSchool of Veterinary MedicineSão Paulo State University(Unesp)AraçatubaSPBrazil School of Agriculture Massey UniversityRuakura Ag CentreHamiltonNew Zealand

Background:Impaired fertility in cattle limits the efficiency of livestock production *** the genetic architecture of fertility traits would facilitate their improvement by *** this study,we characterized SNP chip haplotypes at QTL blocks then used whole-genome sequencing to fine map genomic regions associated with reproduction in a population of Nellore(Bos indicus)***:The dataset comprised of 1337 heifers genotyped using a GeneSeek®Genomic Profiler panel(74677 SNPs),representing the daughters from 78 *** performing marker quality control,64800 SNPs were *** carried by each sire at six previously identified QTL on BTAs 5,14 and 18 for heifer pregnancy and BTAs 8,11 and 22 for antral follicle count were constructed using findhap *** significance of the contrasts between the effects of every two paternally-inherited haplotype alleles were used to identify sires that were heterozygous at each ***-genome sequencing data localized to the haplotypes from six sires and 20 other ancestors were used to identify sequence variants that were concordant with the haplotype *** analyses were applied to these variants using KEGG and MeSH ***:A total of six(BTA 5),six(BTA 14)and five(BTA 18)sires were heterozygous for heifer pregnancy QTL whereas six(BTA 8),fourteen(BTA 11),and five(BTA 22)sires were heterozygous for number of antral follicles’*** to inadequate representation of many haplotype alleles in the sequenced animals,fine mapping analysis could only be reliably performed for the QTL on BTA 5 and 14,which had 641 and 3733 concordant candidate sequence variants,*** KEGG“Circadian rhythm”and“Neurotrophin signaling pathway”were significantly associated with the genes in the QTL on BTA 5 whereas 32 MeSH terms were associated with the QTL on BTA *** the concordant sequence variants,0.2%and 0.3%were classified as missense variants for BTAs 5 and 14,respe

关键词： Antral follicles Causal variants Haplotype Heifer pregnancy WGS

Cultured meat from muscle stem cells: A review of challenges and prospects

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第2期14卷 222-233页

作者： Isam T Kadim Osman Mahgoub Senan Baqir Bernard Faye Roger Purchas Department of Animal and Veterinary sciences College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat PC. 123 Sultanate of Oman Department of Biology College of Science Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat PC. 123 Sultanate of Oman FAO Consultant Camel ProjectAl-Kharj 11941 Saudi Arabia Institute of Food Nutrition & Human Health Massey University Palmerston North Private Bag 11 222New Zealand

Growing muscle tissue in culture from animal stem cells to produce meat theoretically eliminates the need to sacrifice animals. So-called ＂cultured＂ or ＂synthetic＂ or ＂in vitro＂ meat could in theory be constructed with different characteristics and be produced faster and more efficiently than traditional meat. The technique to generate cultured muscle tissues from stem cells was described long ago, but has not yet been developed for the commercial production of cultured meat products. The technology is at an early stage and prerequisites of implementation include a reasonably high level of consumer acceptance, and the development of commercially-viable means of large scale production. Recent advancements in tissue culture techniques suggest that production may be economically feasible, provided it has physical properties in terms of colour, flavour, aroma, texture and palatability that are comparable to conventional meat. Although considerable progress has been made during recent years, important issues remain to be resolved, including the characterization of social and ethical constraints, the fine-tuning of culture conditions, and the development of culture media that are cost-effective and free of animal products. Consumer acceptance and confidence in in vitro produced cultured meat might be a significant impediment that hinders the marketing process.

关键词： cultured meat conventional meat environmental impact stem cells

An Assessment of Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Collection in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal

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Journal of Mountain science 2014年第2期11卷 555-562页

作者： Barna Bahadur THAPA Saroj PANTHI Rajesh Kumar RAI Uttam Babu SHRESTHA Achyut ARYAL Sabina SHRESTHA Bhushan SHRESTHA Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Babar Mahal Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Baglung Station Green Governance Nepal Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Institute of Natural and Mathematical sciences Massey University Graduate School of Biotechnology Institute of Life Sciences and Resources Kyung Hee University Green Energy Mission/Nepal Ghatte Kulo Anam Nagar Mushroom Research Division National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science Rural Development Administration

Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an endemic species to the Himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely ***, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve(DHR) among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities.

关键词： Chinese caterpillar fungus Medicinal fungus Himalayan gold Conservation Yartsagunbu

Resolvins and omega three polyunsaturated fatty acids: Clinical implications in inflammatory diseases and cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2016年第7期4卷 155-164页

作者： Kazuki Moro Masayuki Nagahashi Rajesh Ramanathan Kazuaki Takabe Toshifumi Wakai Division of Digestive and General Surgery Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Division of Surgical Oncology Department of Surgery Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and the Massey Cancer Center

Inflammation is a central process in several disorders and contributes to cancer progression. Inflammation involves a complex cascade of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling events with protein and lipid mediators. Recent advances in lipid detection have revealed the importance of lipid mediators in inflammation. Omega three polyunsaturated fatty acids(ω-3 PUFA) are found naturally in fish oil and have been extensively studied in multiple inflammatory diseases with improved outcomes. Resolvins are thought to be the active metabolites of ω-3 PUFA, and are responsible for facilitating the resolving phase of acute inflammation. Clinically, resolvins have been associated with resolution of acute kidney injury and acute lung injury, micro and macro vascular response to injury, and inhibition of microglia-activated inflammation in neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to inflammatory diseases, ω-3 PUFA and resolvins appear to modulate cancer progression. ω-3 PUFA intake has been associated with reduced inflammation in colorectal cancer, and favorable phenotype in breast cancer. Resolvins offer promising therapeutic potential as they may modulate inflammation with minimal side-effects, in contrast to currently available anti-inflammatory medications. This review describes the roles of ω-3 PUFA and resolvins in the inflammatory cascade, various inflammatory diseases, and specific cancers. Additionally, it will discuss the clinical therapeutic potential of resolvins astargets in inflammatory diseases and cancers.

关键词： Anti-inflammatory lipid mediators Resolvin Omega three polyunsaturated fatty acids Inflammatory diseases Cancer

Theory of superfluidity and drag force in the one-dimensional Bose gas

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Frontiers of physics 2012年第1期7卷 54-71页

作者： Alexander Yu. Cherny (1) Jean-Sébastien Caux (2) Joachim Brand (3) 1. Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research 141980 Dubna Moscow region Russia2. Institute for Theoretical Physics Science Park 904 University of Amsterdam 1090 GL Amsterdam The Netherlands3. Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics and New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study Massey University Private Bag 102904 North Shore Auckland 0745 New Zealand

The one-dimensional Bose gas is an unusual superfluid. In contrast to higher spatial dimensions, the existence of non-classical rotational inertia is not directly linked to the dissipationless motion of infinitesimal impurities. Recently, experimental tests with ultracold atoms have begun and quanti- tative predictions for the drag force experienced by moving obstacles have become available. This topical review discusses the drag force obtained from linear response theory in relation to Lan- dau＇s criterion of superfluidity. Based upon improved analytical and numerical understanding of the dynamical structure factor, results for different obstacle potentials are obtained, including single impurities, optical lattices and random potentials generated from speckle patterns. The dynamical breakdown of superfluidity in random potentials is discussed in relation to Anderson localization and the predicted superfluid-insulator transition in these systems.

关键词： Lieb-Liniger model Tonks-Girardeau gas Luttinger liquid drag force superfluidity,dynamical structure factor

Trends in feed evaluation for poultry with emphasis on in vitro techniques

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 268-281页

作者： Faegheh Zaefarian Aaron J.Cowieson Katrine Pontoppidan M.Reza Abdollahi Velmurugu Ravindran Monogastric Research Centre School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston North 4442New Zealand DSM Nutritional Products Wurmisweg 576KaiseraugstSwitzerland Novozymes A/S DK-2800 KgsLyngbyDenmark

Accurate knowledge of the actual nutritional value of individual feed ingredients and complete diets is critical for efficient and sustainable animal *** this reason,feed evaluation has always been in the forefront of nutritional *** evaluation for poultry involves several approaches that include chemical analysis,table values,prediction equations,near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy,in vivo data and in vitro digestion *** these,the use of animals(in vivo)is the most valuable to gain information on nutrient utilization and is more predictive of bird ***,in vivo methods are expensive,laborious and *** is therefore important to establish in vitro methods that are reliable,rapid and practical to assess the nutritional quality of feed ingredients or complete *** of the technique is crucial,as poor prediction will have a negative impact on bird performance and,increase feed cost and environmental *** this review,the relevance and importance of feed evaluation in poultry nutrition will be highlighted and the various approaches to evaluate the feed value of feed ingredients or complete diets will be *** in and practical limitations encountered in feed evaluation science,with emphasis on in vitro digestion techniques,will be discussed.

关键词： Poultry Feed evaluation In vivo assay In vitro techniques Protein Energy

A quasi-in-situ EBSD study of the thermal stability and grain growth mechanisms of CoCrNi medium entropy alloy with gradient-nanograined structure

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2022年第14期109卷 54-63页

作者： P.-C.Zhao B.Guan Y.-G.Tong R.-Z.Wang X.Li X.-C.Zhang S.-T.Tu Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety Ministry of EducationSchool of Mechanical and Power EngineeringEast China University of Science and TechnologyShanghai 200237China College of Materials science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China College of Automobile and Mechanical Engineering Changsha University of Science and TechnologyChangshaChina

The thermal stability and mechanical properties of a gradient-nanograined structure(gns)CoCrNi medium entropy alloy(MEA)processed by ultrasonic surface rolling were studied by using isothermal/isochronal annealing tests combined with quasi-in-situ electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)characterization and Vickers micro-hardness(HV)measurements.A layer by layer high-throughput investigation method was used to quantitatively study the grain growth kinetics and grain boundary evolution with different initial grain sizes,which could effectively save specimen and time *** grain nucleation and growth,as well as shrink and disappearance process throughΣ3 coincidence site lattice boundary migration with slightly lattice rotation during annealing were directly *** layer by layer grain growth kinetics and calculated activation energy indicate that the thermal stability of nanograined top surface layer is relatively higher than that of nano-twined subsurface layer for the gradient CoCrNi MEA processed by ultrasonic surface *** analysis show that the grain boundary relaxation and dynamic recrystallization of the topmost nano-grains led to the decrease of grain boundary energy,thus improving their thermal *** present work provided theoretical basis for the application of CoCrNi MEA at high ***,the high-throughput method on the investigation of grain stability by using gradient structure can be easily extended to other materials and it is of great significance for understanding the microstructural evolution of gradient materials.

关键词： Medium entropy alloy Grain growth Gradient materials Nanostructured materials Annealing High throughput