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BOTTOM SHEAR STRESS UNDER WAVE-CURRENT INTERACTION

Journal of Hydrodynamics 2008年第1期20卷 88-95页

作者： LIANG Bing-chen LI Hua-jun LEE Dong-yong College of Engineering Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100 China coastal and Harbour Engineering research center Korea Ocean Research and Developmcnt Institute Ansan Korea

The present work adopts the COHERENS-SWAN model developed by the first author through coupling three-dimensional hydrodynamic model （COHERENS） and third-generation wave model （SWAN）. Inside the COHERENS-SWAN, the SWAN is regarded as a subroutine and the time- and space-varying current velocity and surface elevation are obtained from the COHERENS. Wave-enhanced bottom shear stress, wave induced surface mixing length and wave dependent surface drag coefficient have been introduced into the COHERENS. Secondly, as wave-enhanced bottom shear stress （＂bottom shear stress＂ described as BSS sometimes in this article） is concerned, a modified bottom shear stress Grant and Madsen model which introduces random wave field is given and introduced to COHERENS-SWAN. COHERENS-SWAN is also adopted to simulate three-dimensional flow in the Yellow River Delta with wave-current co-existing. Four numerical experiments were given to study the effects of wave-current interaction on enhancing bottom shear stress. The simulated current velocities, wave height and wave period match well with field measurement data. The simulated significant wave height and wave period for the case with considering the effects of current can give better agreement with measurement data than the case without involving the effects of current. The introduction of random wave generates lower the bottom shear stress than the case without introducing it. There are obvious differences between bottom shear stress of two way interaction and one way interaction. Velocity field obtained by the COHERENS-SWAN is reasonable according to previous studies and measurements.

关键词： Yellow River Delta COHERENS SWAN wave-current interaction bottom shear stress

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The dynamics of the floodwater and the damaged ship in waves

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第5期27卷 689-695页

作者：高志亮 VASSALOS Dracos research center of coastal and Estuarine Engineering Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport EngineeringMinistry of Transport Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering University of Strathclyde

The interaction between the dynamics of the floodwater and the damaged ship in waves is investigated by applying an integrated method, which couples a seakeeping solver and a Navier-Stokes solver. To reveal the effects of the water flooding and the sloshing on the damaged ship behaviour, the motion of a Ro-Ro ferry in regular beam seas is simulated, including the ship under the intact condition with and without internal water and the ship under a damaged condition. It is found that the shift of the natural roll frequency of a damaged ship and the decrease of its roll response are mainly due to the water sloshing inside the compartment. The effect of the resonant sloshing leads to the presence of a ship＇s second peak response at higher frequencies and it is significantly reduced by the water flooding through the damaged opening. The influence of the flooding and the sloshing on the ship behaviour is small with a further increase of the wave frequency.

关键词： damaged ship flooding sloshing coupled model

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Simulated and reconstructed winter temperature in the eastern China during the last millennium

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第24期50卷 2872-2877页

作者： LIU Jian H. Storch CHEN Xing E. Zorita ZHENG Jingyun WANG Sumin Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Institute for coastal research GKSS Research Center D-21502 Geesthacht Germany Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

The reconstructed temperature anomalies in the eastern China were compared with the output from a 1000-year model simulation in an attempt to evaluate the model’s regional simulation skills and to understand the causes of climate change in China over the last millennium. The reconstructed data are the winter half-year temperature anomalies in the central region of eastern China (25°-40°N, east of 105°E) for the last 1000 years with a 30-year resolu- tion. The model used is the global atmosphere-ocean coupled climate model, ECHO-G, which was driven by time-varying external forcings including solar radiation, volcanic erup- tions, and greenhouse gas concentrations (CO2 and CH4) for the same period. The correlation coefficient between the simulated and reconstructed time series is 0.37, which is sta- tistically significant at a confidence level of 97.5%. The Me- dieval Warm Period (MWP) during 1000-1300 A.D., the Little Ice Age (LIA) during 1300-1850 A.D. and the modern warming period after 1900 A.D. are all recognizable from both the simulated and reconstructed temperatures. The anomalies associated with the LIA and the modern warming simulated by the model are in good consistency with the re- constructed counterpart. In particular during the Maunder sun-spot minimum (1670-1710 A.D.), both the simulated and reconstructed temperature anomalies reach their min- ima without any phase difference. But in the earlier MWP, significant discrepancies exist between the simulation and the reconstruction, which might reflect the degrading quality of the reconstruction data. The range of the simulated anoma- lies (1.62 K) is comparable with that of reconstructed (2.0 K). Diagnosis of the model results indicates that, during the last millennium, variations in solar radiation and volcanic activ- ity are the main controlling factors on regional temperature change, while in the recent 100 years, the change of the con- centration of greenhouse gases plays most important role in explain

关键词：古气候中国东部冬季气温温度模拟温度重构

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Simulation of the extreme waves generated by typhoon Bolaven (1215) in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第12期34卷 19-28页

作者： JUN Ki Cheon JEONG Weon Mu CHOI Jin Yong PARK Kwang Soon JUNG Kyung Tae KIM Mee Kyung CHAE Jang Won QIAO Fangli coastal Disaster research center Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology coastal & Environmental Engineering Division Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Marine Radionuclide research center Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

Record-breaking high waves occurred during the passage of the typhoon Bolaven（1215）（TYB） in the East China Sea（ECS） and Yellow Sea（YS） although its intensity did not reach the level of a super *** and directional wave measurements were made using a range of in-situ instruments mounted on an ocean tower and *** order to understand how such high waves with long duration occurred,analyses have been made through measurement and numerical *** winds were generated using the TC96 typhoon wind model with the best track data calibrated with the *** then the wind fields were blended with the reanalyzed synoptic-scale wind fields for a wave *** fields were simulated using WAM4.5 with adjustment of C_d for gust of winds and bottom friction for the study *** the accuracy of simulations is considerably enhanced,and the computed results are also in better agreement with measured data than *** is found that the extremely high waves evolved as a result of the superposition of distant large swells and high wind seas generated by strong winds from the front/right quadrant of the typhoon *** the typhoon moved at a speed a little slower than the dominant wave group velocity in a consistent direction for two days,the wave growth was significantly enhanced by strong wind input in an extended fetch and non-linear interaction.

关键词： extreme waves typhoon measurements numerical simulation East China Sea

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Estimation of Bed Shear Stresses in the Pearl River Estuary

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China Ocean Engineering 2015年第1期29卷 133-142页

作者：刘欢吴加学 research center of coastal Ocean Science and Technology Sun Yat-sen University School of Marine Science Sun Yat-sen University

Mean and fluctuating velocities were measured by use of a pulse coherent acoustic Doppler profiler （PC-ADP） and an acoustic Doppler velocimeter in the tidal bottom boundary layer of the Pearl River Estuary. The bed shear stresses were estimated by four different methods： log profile （LP）, eddy correlation （EC）, turbulent kinetic energy （TKE）, and inertial dissipation （ID）. The results show that （a） all four methods for estimating bed stresses have advantages and disadvantages, and they should be applied simultaneously to obtain reliable frictional velocity and to identify potential sources of errors; （b） the LP method was found to be the most suitable to estimate the bed stresses in non-stratified, quasi-steady, and homogeneous flows; and （c） in the estuary where the semi-diurnal tidal current is dominant, bed shear stresses exhibit a strong quarter-diurnal variation.

关键词： bed shear stress bottom boundary layer PC-ADP Pearl River Estuary

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NUMERICAL STUDY OF WAVE EFFECTS ON SURFACE WIND STRESS AND SURFACE MIXING LENGTH BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULATION MODELING

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2006年第4期18卷 397-404页

作者： LIANG Bing-chen LI Hua-jun LEE Dong-yong Engineering College Ocean University of China Qingdao 266071 China researcher Coastal and Harbour Engineering Research CenterKorea Ocean Research and Development Institute Ansan Korea

The effects of waves on Surface Drag Coefficient （SDC） and surface mixing length were analyzed and discussed by carrying out three-dimensional current modeling for the Bohai Sea in the present work. A threedimensional coupled hydrodynamical-ecological model for regional and shelf seas （COHERENS） incorporating the influences of wave-current interactions was coupled with the third-generation wave model swan taking into account time-varying currents. The effects of waves on currents were included in the SDC, surface mixing length and bottom drag coefficient. Firstly, the formulations in Donelan were incorporated into the COHERENS to account for wave-dependent SDC. In order to compare simulation results for the wave-dependent SDC, the simulation for wind-dependent SDC was also carried out. Second, Wave-Induced Surface Mixing Length （described as WISML sometimes in this paper） was incorporated into the COHERENS. Four numerical experiments were conducted to discuss the effects of two kinds of wave processes. Generally, the values of time series of current velocity and water surface elevation given by the simulation with all of the three wave processes have a good agreement with observed data. The existence of WISML changes obviously current vertical profiles and the existence of the wave dependent SDC modifies the current field of both top and bottom layers with the wind-dependent SDC.

关键词： Bohai hydrodynamical COHERENS waves,currents swan mixing length wind stress

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Horizontal distribution of Changjiang Diluted Water in summer inferred from total suspended sediment in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第12期34卷 44-50页

作者： LEE Dong-Kyu KWON Jae-Il SON Seung Hyun Pusan National University coastal Disaster research center Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology China-Korea Joint Ocean research center Cooperative Institute for research in the Atmosphere Colorado State University

During the summer in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea, the resuspension of the bottom sediment is obstructed by strong stratification and, as a result, the concentration of total suspended sediment（TSS） can be used as an excellent tracer for Changjiang Diluted Water（CDW）. To analyze the spatial and temporal variations of the CDW distribution, the monthly mean TSS from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer（MODIS） ocean color data are constructed and are converted to salinity using the relationship between salinity observed from AQUARIUS and TSS. The process produces the detailed horizontal distribution of salinity with very high resolution（1 km）. From monthly mean salinity map from 2002 to 2012 in July and August, the expansion patterns of CDW are analyzed. The southerly wind in July and southeasterly wind in August transport the CDW eastward and northeastward, respectively. It is found that the yearly variation of the expansion of CDW toward the southern sea area of Korea is mostly due to the variation of southerly wind and the fluctuations of fresh water discharge into the Changjiang estuary show relatively little impact on the eastward extend of CDW. When 11-year mean（from2002 to 2012） salinity map in August is compared with World Ocean Atlas 2013, it is revealed that wind in August strengthened six times from 1994 and it causes the expansion of CDW extended 150 km further eastward.

关键词： Yellow and East China Seas Changjiang diluted water total suspended sediment MODIS

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Arthropods associated with medicinal plants in coastal South Carolina

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Insect Science 2007年第6期14卷 519-524页

作者： ROLANDO LOPEZ B. MERLE SHEPARD Clemson University Department of Entomology Soils and Plant Sciences and Coastal Research and Education CenterCharleston South Carolina USA

Arthropods were sampled from feverfew [Tanacetum parthenium （L.） Schultz- Bip], Echinacea purpurea （L.） Moench, Echinacea pallida （Nutt.） Nutt., Valeriana officinalis L., and St. John＇s wort （Hypericum perforatum L.） during 1998-2001. In addition, arthropods were sampled on tansy （Tanacetum vulgare L.） from 2001-2004. In general, 50-60 arthropod species where collected and identified among all of the medicinal plant species. Among the predators, Orius insidiosus （Say）（Hemiptera： Anthocoridae）, Geocoris punctipes （Say）（Hemiptera： Lygaeidae） and spiders were most abundant from 1998-2004. The three-cornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus （Say）, was the most abundant herbivore found from 1998 to 2001. Orius insidiosus and G. punctipes were 3-4 times more abundant on T. parthenium than on any other medicinal plant species. Based on the numbers of predatory arthropods found on T. parthenium, this crop could be suitable as a companion or ＂banker＂ plant to attract and maintain populations of predators, especially O. insidiosus and G. punctipes. Whitefly nymphs attacked by predators with piercing/sucking mouthparts are easily identified using a microscope because of the general appearance of the carcass left by the predators. Thus, populations of predators on T. parthenium suppressed Bemisia tabaci populations on E. purpurea when these crops were planted as companion crops.

关键词： companion plants Geocoris punctipes medicinal plants Orius insidiosus,predators

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Analysis of Mixing of Pollutants in Water Waves and Currents

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China Ocean Engineering 2007年第1期21卷 115-124页

作者：袁丽蓉沈永明唐军 Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of coastal Ocean Engineering Ocean Engineering Research CenterSun Yat-sen University State Key Laboratory of coastal and Offshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology

A vertical two-dimensional turbulence numerical model for the interaction of waves and currents is developed in the paper based on the nonlinear two-equation k - ε model with the VOF method. The one-dimensional equivalent advection velocity and equivalent mixing coefficient are defined and the solving process is introduced： The pollutant concentration field, generated by an instant source in waves and currents, is calculated with the model, and then the equivalent advection velocity and equivalent mixing coefficient are obtained by calculating the time derivative of the mean and variance of pollutant concentration probability distribution. The effects of wave period and wave height on the equivalent mixing coefficient for waves and wave-currents are also investigated.

关键词： mixing wave-current turbulence model VOF method pollutant concentration

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Impacts of climate change on the ecotoxicology of chemical contaminants in estuarine organisms

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 641-652页

作者： Marie E. DELORENZO NOAA National Ocean Service National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science Center for Coastal Environmental Health andBiomolecular Research 219 Fort Johnson Rd. Charleston SC 29412 USA

Global climate change effects will vary geographically, and effects on estuaries should be independently considered. This review of the impacts of climate change on the ecotoxicology of chemical contaminants aims to summarize responses that are specific to estuafine species. Estuarine organisms are uniquely adapted to large fluctuations in temperature, salinity, oxygen, and pH, and yet future changes in climate may make them more susceptible to chemical contaminants. Recent research has hig- hlighted the interactive effects of chemical and nonchemical stressors on chemical uptake, metabolism, and organism survival. Assessments have revealed that the nature of the interaction between climate variables and chemical pollution will depend on es- tuarine species and life stage, duration and timing of exposure, prior stressor exposure, and contaminant class. A need for further research to elucidate mechanisms of toxicity under different abiotic conditions and to incorporate climate change factors into toxicity testing was identified. These efforts will improve environmental risk assessment of chemical contaminants and manage- ment capabilities under changing climate conditions [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 641-652, 2015].

关键词： Climate Toxicity Metals Pesticides Oil Esmarine

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