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Exogenous application of glycine betaine improved water use efficiency in winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) via modulating photosynthetic efficiency and antioxidative capacity under conventional and limited irrigation conditions

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The Crop Journal 2019年第5期7卷 635-650页

作者： Nazir Ahmed Yushi Zhang Ke Li Yuyi Zhou Mingcai Zhang Zhaohu Li Engineering Research Center of Plant growth Regulator Ministry of Education College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural University

Improving water use efficiency(WUE)is an important subject in agricultural irrigation for alleviating the scarcity of water resources in semiarid regions of the North China ***,glycine betaine(GB)is one of the most effective compatible solutes synthesized naturally in plants for enhancing stress tolerance under abiotic stress,but little information is available on the involvement of GB in regulating crop WUE under field *** study was conducted to explore the role of exogenously applied GB in improving WUE and plant physiological and biochemical responses inwinterwheat subjected to conventional or limited irrigation during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 growing *** application of GB significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities and reduced the accumulation ofmalondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide under limited irrigation ***,GB-treated plantsmaintained higher leaf relative water content andmembrane stability,which led to higher chlorophyll content and gas exchange attributes for better intrinsic and instantaneouswater use efficiencies compared to control plants under limited irrigation ***-treated plants had higher indole-acetic acid and zeatin riboside levels but lower ABA levels compared to control plants under conventional and limited irrigation ***,GB enhanced the grain filling rate and duration,grain number per spike,and final grainweight,which resulted in higher grain yield compared to the ***,GB significantly improved the integrative and photosynthetic WUE under conventional and limited irrigation conditions,although GB treatment did not markedly affect total water *** results suggest the involvement of GB in improving WUEs in winter wheat by modulating hormonal balance,membrane stability,photosynthetic performance and antioxidant systems to maintain higher grain yield under conventional and limited irrigation conditions.

关键词： Winter wheat Glycine betaine Water use efficiency Limited irrigation Photosynthetic performance Antioxidant systems

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Non-enzymatic antioxidant blood plasma profile in the period of high training loads of elite speed skaters in the altitude

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2023年第2期5卷 120-127页

作者： Elena Proskurnina Dmitry Martynov Andrey Yakushkin Irina Zelenkova Laboratory of Molecular Biology Research Centre for Medical GeneticsMoscow115522Russia Faculty of Fundamental Medicine Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscow119991Russia The Federal Training Sport Center of the Representative Teams of Russia Moscow105064Russia genud(growth ExerciseNutritionand Development)Research GroupDepartment of Physiatry and NursingUniversity of Zaragoza50009Spain

At the altitude,hypoxia and training load are key factors in the development of oxidative ***-induced oxidative stress is developed due to the depletion of antioxidant *** the current study,we examined the non-enzymatic antioxidant profile of blood plasma in 7 males and 5 females specializing in speed skating at a 21-day training camp at 1850m above sea *** included:cycling,roller skating,ice skating,strength training,and special *** the start point and the endpoint,total hemoglobin mass(tHb-mass),hemoglobin concentration,and circulating blood volume were *** profiles,hypoxic doses,hypoxic impulses,and training impulses were assessed at 3,6,10,14,and 18 *** profiles consisting of“urate”and“thiol”parts were registered with *** the training dynamics,antioxidant parameters changed individually,but in total there was a decrease in the“urate”capacity by a factor of 1.6(p=0.001)and an increase in the“thiol”capacity by a factor of 1.8(p=0.013).The changes in“urate”capacity positively correlated(r_(S)=0.40)and the changes in“thiol”capacity negatively correlated(r_(S)=−0.45)with changes in *** exercise and hypoxic factors affect the antioxidant parameters *** correlated with a decrease in thiol capacity and with an increase in urate *** assessment of the non-enzymatic antioxidant profile can be a simple and useful addition to screening the reactive oxygen species homeostasis and can help choose the personalized training schedule,individualize recovery and ergogenic support.

关键词： Elite athletes High training loads Oxidative stress Blood antioxidants Redox homeostasis Altitude training Speed skating

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Preliminary study on the antimicrobial activity of Enicostemma littorale using different solvents

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第7期5卷 552-555页

作者： Pitchamuthu Abirami Muthiah Gomathinayagam Rajaram Panneerselvam Plant growth Regulation Lab Department of BotanyAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalainagarTamilnaduIndia

Objective:To study the antimicrobial activity of Enicostemma littorale(***) using different ***:Chloroform,methanol and acetone extracts of different parts of ***(leaf,stem and root) were evaluated for antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion method against some gram-negative species such as Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pnemoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella typhi and gram-positive species Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus,Bacillus subtilis and two fugal species viz.,Aspergillus fumigates and Aspergillus ***:The chloroform extracts showed the highest antibacterial *** leaf, stem and root extracts,the stem extracts showed maximum antibacterial *** of the used extracts had no significant antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigates and Aspergillus *** chloroform stem extract showed highest activity(about 20 mm inhibition zone) against Bacillus subtilis(at 500 tng/mL) followed by the methanolic stem extract which showed highest activity against the same *** lowest antibacterial activity was observed by the acetone leaf extract(about 8 mm inhibition zone) against Escherichia ***:The findings of the study indicate littorale could also be a new source for antibiotics discovery.

关键词： Antimicrobial activity Enicostemma littorale Extracts Medicinal plants

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Individual and interactive influences of elevated air temperature and soil drought at the flowering and boll-forming stage on cottonseed yield and nutritional quality

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The Crop Journal 2022年第1期10卷 128-139页

作者： Bingjie Xu Min Gao Wei Hu Wenqing Zhao Shanshan Wang Zhiguo Zhou Key Laboratory of Crop growth Regulation Ministry of AgricultureNanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina

As the main byproduct of cotton production,cottonseed yields edible vegetable oil,ruminant feed,and industrial *** evaluated the individual and interactive effects of elevated air temperature and soil drought on cottonseed yield and nutritional quality using two cotton cultivars,Sumian 15(heat-susceptible)and PHY370 WR(heat-tolerant).The experiment was conducted under three levels of soil relative water content(SRWC):(75±5)%,(60±5)%and(45±5)%and two temperature regimes:ambient temperature(AT,31.0/26.4℃,mean daytime/night temperature)and elevated temperature(ET,33.4/28.9℃).Cottonseed yield,boll number,seed number,and single-seed weight were lower under combined ET and SRWC(45±5)%than either individual stress or combined stresses in comparison with the control treatment(SRWC(75±5)%under AT).Drought tended to increase oil content and reduce protein content,whereas ET showed almost the opposite *** the combination of ET and soil drought,oil content was still higher than under control,although ET weakened the beneficial effects of *** protein,ET offset the negative impacts of mild drought on protein content,but protein content was not increased under SRWC(45±5)%.Each stress or combined stress reduced oil and protein yields under all treatments,owing to declines in cottonseed *** combined stress reduced unsaturated fatty acid(UFA)/saturated fatty acid(SFA)and essential amino acid(EAA)/non-essential amino acid(NAA).Compared with PHY370 WR,the sensitivity of Sumian 15 to the combined factors was evidenced in the following ways:(1)seed yield,yield components,oil and protein yields were decreased more for Sumian 15 than PHY370 WR compared with the control treatment;(2)the combined stresses caused lower oil content,UFA,and UFA/SFA in Sumian 15 than PHY370 WR;(3)interaction effects of the combined factors on protein content and EAA/NAA were detected only in Sumian 15.

关键词： Cottonseed Elevated temperature Drought Oil yield and quality Protein yield and quality

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growth of ZnSe∶Mn Nanocrystals from Vapour Phase

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第z1期24卷 111-114页

作者： O Senthil Kumar K Balkis Ameen S Soundeswaran T Rajasekharan R Dhanasekaran Crystal growth Centre Anna University Chennai-600 025 India Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory Hyderabad-500 058 India Crystal Growth Centre Anna University Chennai-600 025 India Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory Hyderabad-500 058 India Crystal Growth Centre Anna University Chennai-600 025 India

ZnSe∶Mn nanocrystals were grown by chemical vapour transport method using the matrix of SiO2 aerogels. The cubic structure of the nanocrystals was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron diffraction (ED) studies. The size of the crystals was observed using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The oxidation state of Mn in ZnSe nanocrystal was found using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum. The room temperature luminescence measurements show the peaks corresponding to both bandgap of the material and Mn in ZnSe.

关键词： Ⅱ-Ⅵ semiconductors nanocrystalline materials electron spin resonance

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Meiotic crossover： what controls the breaks？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 191-192页

作者： Katherine Ewen Peter Boag Department of growth and Reproduction RigshospitaletCopenhagen Denmark Department of Biochemistryand Molecular Biology Monash University ClaytonAustralia

Meiotic crossover （CO） formation establishes the physical linkagesbetween duplicated meiotic chromosomes. These COs are required for the segregation of chromosomes into the developing gametes and subsequent exchange of genetic material between maternal and paternal chromo- somes. Ultimately, meiotic CO recombination represents the fundamental advantage of sexual reproduction and helps drive genetic diversity.

关键词： Cobalt Chromosomes Histones Regulations Economic distribution

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Incorporating shape constraints in generalized additive modelling of the height-diameter relationship for Norway spruce

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第2期3卷 112-125页

作者： Natalya Pya Matthias Schmidt Department of Mathematics School of Science and TechnologyNazarbayev University The Northwest German Forest Research Station Department of Forest Growth

Background： Measurements of tree heights and diameters are essential in forest assessment and modelling. Tree heights are used for estimating timber volume, site index and other important variables related to forest growth and yield, succession and carbon budget models. However, the diameter at breast height （dbh） can be more accurately obtained and at lower cost, than total tree height. Hence, generalized height-diameter （h-d） models that predict tree height from dbh, age and other covariates are needed. For a more flexible but biologically plausible estimation of covariate effects we use shape constrained generalized additive models as an extension of existing h-d model approaches. We use causal site parameters such as index of aridity to enhance the generality and causality of the models and to enable predictions under projected changeable climatic conditions. Methods： We develop unconstrained generalized additive models （GAM） and shape constrained generalized additive models （SCAM） for investigating the possible effects of tree-specific parameters such as tree age, relative diameter at breast height, and site-specific parameters such as index of aridity and sum of daily mean temperature during vegetation period, on the h-d relationship of forests in Lower Saxony, Germany. Results： Some of the derived effects, e.g. effects of age, index of aridity and sum of daily mean temperature have significantly non-linear pattern. The need for using SCAM results from the fact that some of the model effects show partially implausible patterns especially at the boundaries of data ranges. The derived model predicts monotonically increasing levels of tree height with increasing age and temperature sum and decreasing aridity and social rank of a tree within a stand, The definition of constraints leads only to marginal or minor decline in the model statistics like AIC An observed structured spatial trend in tree height is modelled via 2-dimensional surface fitting. Conclusions： We

关键词： Height-diameter curve Norway spruce Shape constrained additive models Impact of climate change,Varying coefficient models

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Comparison of updated birth weight,length and head circumference charts by gestational age in China with the INTERgrowth-21 st NCSS charts:a population-based study

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第1期19卷 96-105页

作者： Ya-Qin Zhang Hui Li Xin-Nan Zong Hua-Hong Wu Department of growth and Development Capital Institute of PediatricsNo.2Ya Bao RoadChaoyang DistrictBeijingChina

Background INTERgrowth-21 st Newborn Cross-Sectional Study(NCSS)charts were established and recommended for global ***,whether one international reference is appropriate for all populations is still *** aim to compare the updated Chinese birth size charts by gestational age with INTERgrowth-21st NCSS *** A cross-sectional survey was carried out,and the birth weight,length and head circumference of 24,375 infants born after uncomplicated pregnancies at gestational age ranging from 24+0 to 42+6 weeks were measured in 13 cities in China from 2015 to *** charts were *** measurements of all these infants were evaluated by the methods of calculating their Z scores using the INTERgrowth-21 st *** prevalence of small for gestational age(SGA)and large for gestational age(LGA)based on birth weight was analyzed using Chinese charts and INTERgrowth-21st *** The mean Z scores were 0.10 for birth weight,0.35 for length and-0.02 for head *** to the INTERgrowth-21st charts,the Chinese birth weight percentile curves were higher except for the 90th percentile at 29-37 weeks gestational age,and the length percentile curves were higher after 33 weeks gestational age,while the 10th percentile of the head circumference was lower and the other percentiles were *** prevalence of SGA was 10.1%[95%confidence interval(CI)=9.7%-10.5%]using the Chinese birth weight chart and 6.5%(95%CI=6.2%-6.8%)using the INTERgrowth-21 st birth weight *** prevalence of LGA was 9.9%(95%CI=9.5%-10.2%)and 8.2%(95%CI=7.9%-8.6%)using the Chinese and INTERgrowth-21st birth weight charts,*** Chinese birth size charts based on infants born after uncomplicated pregnancies were different from the INTER-growth-21st *** in the classification of newborns by the two charts should receive attention,and whether the application of INTERgrowth-21st in Chinese newborns will lead to miscl

关键词： Birth length Birth weight growth charts Head circumference Newborns

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Meat consumption in China and its impact on international food security: Status quo, trends, and policies

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 989-994页

作者： Xiaohua Yu Agricultural Economics in Developing and Transition Countries Courant Research Centre ‘Poverty Equity and Growth’University of Goettingen

*** China has seen drastic nutrition transition and food structure change with rapid economic growth in the past three ***,the traditional fibre-dominated food system is being replaced by a western-style meat-dominated diet（Yu and Abler 2009;Tian and Yu 2013）.In traditional China meat was regarded as a rarity and normally consumed during festivals,now it has become daily food for most Chinese consumers.

关键词： consumed import prices dominated nutrition drastic replaced fibre expenditure income

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Novel Perovskite Oxide Hybrid Nanofibers Embedded with Nanocatalysts for Highly Efficient and Durable Electrodes in Direct CO_(2) Electrolysis

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第5期16卷 214-230页

作者： Akromjon Akhmadjonov Kyung Taek Bae Kang Taek Lee Department of Mechanical Engineering KAISTDaejeon 34141Republic of Korea KAIST Graduate School of Green growth and Sustainability Daejeon 34141Republic of Korea

The unique characteristics of nanofibers in rational electrode design enable effec-tive utilization and maximizing material properties for achieving highly efficient and sustainable CO_(2) reduction reactions( CO_(2)RRs)in solid oxide elec-trolysis cells(SOECs).However,practical appli-cation of nanofiber-based electrodes faces chal-lenges in establishing sufficient interfacial contact and adhesion with the dense *** tackle this challenge,a novel hybrid nanofiber electrode,La_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Co_(0.15)Fe_(0.8)Pd_(0.05)O_(3-δ)(H-LSCFP),is developed by strategically incorporating low aspect ratio crushed LSCFP nanofibers into the excess porous interspace of a high aspect ratio LSCFP nanofiber framework synthesized via electrospinning *** consecutive treatment in 100% H_(2) and CO_(2) at 700°C,LSCFP nanofibers form a perovskite phase with in situ exsolved Co metal nanocatalysts and a high concentration of oxygen species on the surface,enhancing CO_(2) *** SOEC with the H-LSCFP electrode yielded an outstanding current density of 2.2 A cm^(-2) in CO_(2) at 800°C and 1.5 V,setting a new benchmark among reported nanofiber-based *** twinning of the H-LSCFP reveals improved contact adhesion and increased reaction sites for CO_(2)*** present work demonstrates a highly catalytically active and robust nanofiber-based fuel electrode with a hybrid structure,paving the way for further advancements and nanofiber applications in CO_(2)-SOECs.

关键词： Nanofibers Fuel electrodes Digital twinning CO_(2)reduction reaction Solid oxide electrolysis cells

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