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Reproductive Biology of a Blue-tail Skinks(Plestiodon)Population from a Temperate Forest,East-central Puebla,méxico

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Asian Herpetological Research 2024年第3期15卷 183-193页

作者： manuel FERIA-ORTIZ Isaías hazarmabeth SALGADO-UGARTE museo de Zoología Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoIztapalapaMéxico Laboratorio de Biometría y Biología Pesquera Facultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoIztapalapaMéxico

We studied the cycles of reproduction and fat bodies of a blue-tailed skink population of an undescribed species of the Plestiodon brevirostris *** maturity is attained by females and males as they both reach about 59 mm of *** started in June-July,with ovulation occurring during late-October to mid-November,and parturition in *** size varied from two to six,with a mean of 3.86±0.15 embryos in uterus,and showed a positive correlation with female body mass and *** gestation,a significant increase in the average wet mass of embryos in uterus was *** comparison,there were no notable changes in the average dry *** growth data suggest that sexual maturity,both males and females,is reached at 16-17 months of *** and epididymides exhibited maximal weight during *** regression occurred in *** apparently takes place from mid-summer to early *** stored in female fat bodies are used for vitellogenesis and for nutrition during the winter *** males,the stored lipids appear to be used in reproductive activities during the mating season.

关键词： growth litter size minimum size at maturity reproduction Scincidae viviparity

Unveiling vulnerable smart contracts:Toward profiling vulnerable smart contracts using genetic algorithm and generating benchmark dataset

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2024年第1期5卷 58-84页

作者： Sepideh HajiHosseinKhani Arash Habibi Lashkari Ali mizani Oskui Computer Science Department of Computer Science and EngineeringYork UniversityTorontoOntario M3J1P3Canada Behavior-Centric Cybersecurity Center(BCCC) School of Information TechnologyYork UniversityTorontoOntario M3J1P3Canada Financial and Crypto Advisory of Switzerland(FiCAS AG) ZugSwitzerland

Smart contracts(SCs)are crucial in maintaining trust within blockchain ***,existing methods for analyzing SC vulnerabilities often lack accuracy and effectiveness,while approaches based on Deep Neural Networks(DNNs)struggle with detecting complex vulnerabilities due to limited data *** paper proposes a novel approach for analyzing SC *** method leverages an advanced form of the Genetic Algorithm(GA)and includes the development of a comprehensive benchmark dataset consisting of 36,670 Solidity source code *** primary objective of our study is to profile vulnerable SCs *** achieve this goal,we have devised an analyzer called SCsVulLyzer based on GAs,designed explicitly for profiling ***,we have carefully curated a new dataset encompassing a wide range of examples,ensuring the practical validation of our ***,we have established three distinct taxonomies that cover SCs,profiling techniques,and feature *** taxonomies provide a systematic classification and analysis of information,improving the efficiency of our *** methodology underwent rigorous testing through experimentation,and the results demonstrated the superior capabilities of our model in detecting *** to traditional and DNN-based approaches,our approach achieved higher precision,recall,and F1-score,which are widely used metrics for evaluating model *** all these metrics,our model showed exceptional *** customization and adaptations we implemented within the GA significantly enhanced its *** approach detects SC vulnerabilities more efficiently and facilitates robust *** promising results highlight the potential of GA-based profiling to improve the detection of SC vulnerabilities,contributing to enhanced security in blockchain networks.

关键词： Smart contracts(SCs) Vulnerability Vulnerable smart contracts Vulnerability profiling Genetic algorithm

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Chinese Annals of mathematics,Series B 2009年第5期30卷 505-512页

作者： Angel CASTRO Diego CóRDOBA Instituto de Ciencias matemticas CSIC-UAM-UC3M-UCMConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas

The authors construct self-similar solutions for an N-dimensional transport equation,where the velocity is given by the Riezs *** solutions imply nonuniqueness of weak *** addition,self-similar solution for a one-dime... 详细信息

关键词： Hilbert transform Riesz transform Transport equations Self-similar solutions

Analysis of cohesive particles mixing behavior in a twin-paddle blender:DEm and machine learning applications

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Particuology 2024年第7期90卷 350-363页

作者： Behrooz Jadidi mohammadreza Ebrahimi Farhad Ein-mozaffari Ali Lohi Department of Chemical Engineering Toronto Metropolitan University350 Victoria StreetToronto M5B 2K3Canada

This research paper presents a comprehensive discrete element method(DEm)examination of the mixing behaviors exhibited by cohesive particles within a twin-paddle blender.A comparative analysis between the simulation and experimental results revealed a relative error of 3.47%,demonstrating a strong agreement between the results from the experimental tests and the DEm *** main focus centers on systematically exploring how operational parameters,such as impeller rotational speed,blender's fill level,and particle mass ratio,influence the *** investigation also illustrates the significant influence of the mixing time on the mixing *** gain a deeper understanding of the DEm simulation findings,an analytical tool called multivariate polynomial regression in machine learning is *** method uncovers significant connections between the DEm results and the operational parameters,providing a more comprehensive insight into their *** multivariate polynomial regression model exhibited robust predictive performance,with a mean absolute percentage error of less than 3%for both the training and validation sets,indicating a slight deviation from actual *** model's precision was confirmed by low mean absolute error values of 0.0144(80%of the dataset in the training set)and 0.0183(20%of the dataset in the validation set).The study offers valuable insights into granular mixing behaviors,with implications for enhancing the efficiency and predictability of the mixing processes in various industrial applications.

关键词： machine learning Granular mixing Discrete element method mixing kinetics and mechanism Cohesive particles

Remodeling Tumor Immune microenvironment by Using Polymer-Lipid-manganese Dioxide Nanoparticles with Radiation Therapy to Boost Immune Response of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 83-96页

作者： Abdulmottaleb E.Zetrini HoYin Lip Azhar Z.Abbasi Ibrahim Alradwan Taksim Ahmed Chunsheng He Jeffrey T.Henderson Andrew m.Rauth Xiao Yu Wu Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoM5S 3M2TorontoONCanada. Departments of medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology University of TorontoM5G 1L7TorontoONCanada.

Despite substantial progress in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), including radiation therapy and immunotherapy alone or in combination, the response to treatment remains poor due to the hypoxic and immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment. Herein, we exploited the bioreactivity of novel polymer–lipid manganese dioxide nanoparticles (PLmDs) to remodel the tumor immune microenvironment (TImE) by increasing the local oxygen levels and extracellular pH and enhancing radiation-induced immunogenic cell death. This study demonstrated that PLmD treatment sensitized hypoxic human and murine CRPC cells to radiation, significantly increasing radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks and ultimately cell death, which enhanced the secretion of damage-associated molecular patterns, attributable to the induction of autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Reoxygenation via PLmDs also polarized hypoxic murine RAW264.7 macrophages toward the m1 phenotype, enhancing tumor necrosis factor alpha release, and thus reducing the viability of murine CRPC TRAmP-C2 cells. In a syngeneic TRAmP-C2 tumor model, intravenous injection of PLmDs suppressed, while radiation alone enhanced recruitment of regulatory T cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Pretreatment with PLmDs followed by radiation down-regulated programmed death-ligand 1 and promoted the infiltration of antitumor CD8+ T cells and m1 macrophages to tumor sites. Taken together, TImE modulation by PLmDs plus radiation profoundly delayed tumor growth and prolonged median survival compared with radiation alone. These results suggest that PLmDs plus radiation is a promising treatment modality for improving therapeutic efficacy in radioresistant and immunosuppressive solid tumors.

关键词： RAW264.7 alone treatment

Particle Size Optimization of Thermochemical Salt Hydrates for High Energy Density Thermal Storage

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Energy & Environmental materials 2024年第2期7卷 326-333页

作者： Andrew martin Drew Lilley Raνi Prasher Sumanjeet Kaur Energy Technologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of mechanical Engineering UC BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Thermal energy storage(TES)solutions offer opportunities to reduce energy consumption,greenhouse gas emissions,and ***,they can help reduce the peak load and address the intermittency of renewable energy sources by time shifting the load,which are critical toward zero energy *** materials(TCms)as a class of TES undergo a solid-gas reversible chemical reaction with water vapor to store and release energy with high storage capacities(600 kWh m^(-3))and negligible self-discharge that makes them uniquely suited as compact,stand-alone units for daily or seasonal ***,TCms suffer from instabilities at the material(salt particles)and reactor level(packed beds of salt),resulting in poor multi-cycle efficiency and high-levelized cost of *** this study,a model is developed to predict the pulverization limit or Rcrit of various salt hydrates during thermal *** is critical as it provides design rules to make mechanically stable TCm composites as well as enables the use of more energy-efficient manufacturing process(solid-state mixing)to make the *** model is experimentally validated on multiple TCm salt hydrates with different water content,and effect of Rcrit on hydration and dehydration kinetics is also investigated.

关键词： high energy density hydration kinetics long-term cycling thermal energy storage thermochemical materials

Planetary health risks in urban agriculture

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Global Health Journal 2024年第1期8卷 4-10页

作者： Nilanjana Ganguli Anna maria Subic Janani maheswaran Byomkesh Talukder Dahdaleh Institute for Global Health Research&Faculty of Environmental&Urban Change York UniversityTorontoOntario M3J1P3Canada Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of TorontoTorontoOntario 5T3M7Canada Faculty of Health York UniversityTorontoOntario M3J1P3Canada Department of Global Health Florida International UniversityMiamiFlorida 33199USA

Urban agriculture is gaining recognition for its potential contributions to environmental resilience and climate change adaptation,providing advantages such as urban greening,reduced heat island effects,and decreased air ***,it indirectly supports communities during weather events and natural disasters,ensuring food security and fostering community ***,concerns about planetary health risks persist in highly urbanized and climate-affected *** electronic databases such as Web of Science and Pubmed and adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analyses guidelines,we identified 55 relevant papers to comprehend the planetary health risks associated with urban agriculture,The literature review identified five distinct health risks related to urban agriculture:(1)trace metal risks in urban farms;(2)health risks associated with wastewater irrigation;(3)zoonotic risks;(4)other health risks;and(5)social and economic *** study highlights that urban agriculture,while emphasizing environmental benefits,particularly raises concerns about trace metal bioaccumulation in soil and vegetables,posing health risks for *** well studied risks included wastewater irrigation and backyard livestock *** main limitations in the available literature were in studying infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance associated with urban agriculture.

关键词： Urban agriculture Urbanization Systems-thinking Planetary health impacts Comprehensive risk analysis Planetary Health Risks Analysis of Urban Agriculture Framework(PHRAUAF) Heuristic

Bulking Up the Bay-Position Substituents Enables Enhanced Selectivity of C_(s)‑Symmetric Boron Subphthalocyanine−Subnaphthalocyanine Hybrids

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Precision Chemistry 2024年第4期2卷 161-181页

作者： Nina F.Farac Alan J.Lough Timothy P.Bender Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E5Canada Department of Chemistry University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3H6Canada Department of materials Science and Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3E4Canada Department of mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 3G8Canada

The precise synthesis of subporphyrinoid hybrids withπ-expanded topologies and unique material properties plays a promising role in the design of functional ***,selective,and controllable routes to boron subphthalocyanine−subnaphthalocyanine hybrids,Bsub(Pc_(3‑p)-Nc_(p))s,are desirable for this purpose yet synthetically challenging due to random mixtures of C_(s-),C_(3v-),and,in some cases,C_(1)-symmetric compounds that form during traditional statistical mixed ***,we addressed this issue by developing a sterically driven mixed cyclotrimerization with enhanced selectivity for the targeted C_(s)-symmetric hybrid and complete suppression of sterically crowded macrocyclic *** process,coupled with a rationally designed precursor bearing bulky phenyl substituents,enabled the synthesis and characterization of bay-position phenylated Ph_(2)-(R_(p))_(8)Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))hybrids with halogens(Rp=Cl or F)in their peripheral isoindole *** selectivity ranged between 59 and 72%with remarkable yields,significantly higher than that of conventional mixed *** findings were augmented by theoretical calculations on precursor Lewis basicity as guiding principles into hybrid macrocycle ***,the incorporation of unfused phenyl groups and halogen atoms into the hybrid framework resulted in fine-tuned optical,structural,electronic,and electrochemical *** straightforward approach achieved improved selectivity and controlled narrowing of the product distribution,affording the efficient synthesis of structurally sophisticated Bsub(Pc_(2)-Nc_(1))*** then expands the library of 3-dimensionalπ-extended macrocycles for use in a range of applications,such as in optoelectronic devices with precisely tailored optical properties.

关键词： subphthalocyanine hybrids low-symmetry aromatic macrocycle selective cyclotrimerization sterically driven chemistry broad absorption material properties

An emerging terpolymeric nanoparticle pore former as an internal recrystallization inhibitor of celecoxib in controlled release amorphous solid dispersion beads:Experimental studies and molecular dynamics analysis

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第6期14卷 2669-2684页

作者： Jamie Anne Lugtu-Pe Xuning Zhang Sako mirzaie Hao Han R.Chang Nour AL-mousawi Kuan Chen Yongqiang Li Anil Kane Daniel Bar-Shalom Xiao Yu Wu Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Laboratory Leslie Dan Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of TorontoToronto M5S 3M2Canada Candoo Pharmatech Company Inc. Mississauga L5N 5M1Canada Department of Pharmacy University of CopenhagenCopenhagen DK-2100Denmark Patheon by Thermo Fisher Scientific Toronto Region Operations(TRO)Mississauga L5N 3X4Canada

Solid oral controlled release formulations feature numerous clinical advantages for drug candidates with adequate solubility and dissolution ***,most new chemical entities exhibit poor water solubility,and hence are exempt from such *** combining drug amorphization with controlled release formulation is promising to elevate drug solubility,like other supersaturating systems,the problem of drug recrystallization has yet to be resolved,particularly within the dosage ***,we explored the potential of an emerging,non-leachable terpolymer nanoparticle(TPN)pore former as an internal recrystallization inhibitor within controlled release amorphous solid dispersion(CRASD)beads comprising a poorly soluble drug(celecoxib)reservoir and insoluble polymer(ethylcellulose)*** to conventional pore former,polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP),TPN-containing membranes exhibited superior structural integrity,less crystal formation at the CRASD bead surface,and greater extent of celecoxib ***-atom molecular dynamics analyses revealed that in the presence of TPN,intra-molecular bonding,crystal formation tendency,diffusion coefficient,and molecular flexibility of celecoxib were reduced,while intermolecular H-bonding was increased as compared to *** work suggests that selection of a pore former that promotes prolonged molecular separation within a nanoporous controlled release membrane structure may serve as an effective strategy to enhance amorphicity preservation inside CRASD.

关键词： Controlled release amorphous solid dispersion Poorly soluble drug Internal recrystallization membrane-reservoir coated beads molecular dynamics simulation Effect of pore formers Terpolymer nanogel Drug-polymer interactions