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叶菌唑对轮枝镰刀菌的活性及作用机制

农药学学报 2023年第2期25卷 353-363页

作者：赫丹徐剑宏仇剑波刘馨高弢杜予州史建荣 LEE Yinwon 扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院江苏扬州225009 江苏省农业科学院农产品质量安全与营养研究所南京210014 江苏省食品质量安全重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地南京210014 农业农村部农产品质量安全控制技术与标准重点实验室南京210014 Department of Agricultural biotechnology Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea

玉米穗腐病是严重的世界性真菌病害,而轮枝镰刀菌Fusarium verticillioide是我国玉米穗腐病的主要致病菌。为明确叶菌唑在我国玉米穗腐病防治中的应用潜力,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,分别测定了叶菌唑对2019至2021年采自我国山东... 详细信息

玉米穗腐病是严重的世界性真菌病害,而轮枝镰刀菌Fusarium verticillioide是我国玉米穗腐病的主要致病菌。为明确叶菌唑在我国玉米穗腐病防治中的应用潜力,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法,分别测定了叶菌唑对2019至2021年采自我国山东、河南和江苏3个省份的35株轮枝镰刀菌菌丝生长以及分生孢子形成、萌发和芽管伸长的影响,并测定了该药剂对轮枝镰刀菌产毒(b族伏马毒素,type b fumonisins,Fbs)能力及产毒基因表达的影响;通过测定叶菌唑处理后轮枝镰刀菌菌丝麦角甾醇、胞内甘油和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及电导率的变化,探究了其作用机制;同时评价了叶菌唑对田间玉米穗腐病的防治效果。结果显示:叶菌唑对35株轮枝镰刀菌均表现出较强的抑制活性,其对轮枝镰刀菌的菌丝生长以及分生孢子形成、萌发及芽管伸长具有显著的剂量依赖性抑制作用。其中:叶菌唑抑制菌丝生长的EC_(50)值在0.005~0.029μg/mL之间,平均EC_(50)值为(0.012±0.006)μg/mL;EC_(50)浓度的叶菌唑对轮枝镰刀菌分生孢子形成、萌发及芽管伸长的平均抑制率分别为(20.59±5.75)%、(24.88±5.15)%和(59.98±9.11)%;叶菌唑能显著降低轮枝镰刀菌Fbs毒素的产生量和与毒素生物合成相关基因的表达水平,其对Fbs毒素合成的抑制率为29.04%;显著降低了轮枝镰刀菌菌丝麦角甾醇的合成量,抑制率为39.10%,同时提高了其胞内甘油、丙二醛含量以及相对电导率,对甘油和丙二醛的诱导率分别为66.39%和33.74%。田间试验表明,有效成分90、135和180 g/hm2剂量的叶菌唑对玉米穗腐病的防效分别为(20.93±4.65)%、(27.75±5.71)%和(46.05±9.90)%,增产率分别为(8.86±8.84)%、(17.28±11.91)%和(33.20±12.07)%,均优于对照药剂丙硫菌唑•戊唑醇。本研究评估了叶菌唑防治玉米穗腐病的潜力,并可为了解其对轮枝镰刀菌的活性和作用机制提供理论依据。

关键词：叶菌唑玉米穗腐病轮枝镰刀菌敏感性伏马毒素防治效果

Use of Agroecological Techniques by Smallholder Farmers to Improve Sorghum Productivity in burkina Faso

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Journal of Agricultural Science and technology(b) 2018年第8期8卷 499-506页

作者： Zomboudré georges Youma Issaka Abdoulaye batta Fatou Kaboré Roger bourgou Tsuamba gubbels Peter Department of Natural Resource Management Institute for Environment and Agricultural Research (INERA) 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04 Burkina Faso Institute for Environment Science and Rural Development (ISEDR) University of Dédougou BP 176 Dédougou Burkina Faso groundswell International PO Box 2257 Asheville NC 28802 USA Association Minim Song Panga (AMSP) BP 268 Kaya Burkina Faso Association Nourrir Sans Détruire (ANSD) 09 BP 1670 Ouagadougou 09 Burkina Faso

The prevailing farming system in burkina Faso is smallholder agriculture based on cereal production, especially sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) which form the staple diet for the population. Production is constantly challenged by climate hazards, striga (Striga hermonthica (Del.) benth.) infestation, inefficient farming practices and declining soil fertility. To address these concerns, one study on several agroecological techniques was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in a participative manner with more than 150 male and female farmers from four communities. Each farmer was asked to test out two or three agroecological techniques of his choice and to measure these new techniques against their usual farming practices. These techniques combined the use of organic fertilizer (5 t/ha) and/or mineral fertilizer (2 g/seed hole) with the systems of crop rotation and mixed cropping, in addition to the improved za? technique and the half-moon method. Plant material was composed of local landraces and improved varieties of sorghum, sesame and cowpea. On-farm application of agroecological techniques resulted in significantly increased sorghum production in all four communities. The rates of increase for grain yield were 8% for the half-moon fields and more than 130% for the rotation systems when compared to the farmers’ usual practices. More limited results were achieved with the chemical components of the soil after two years of experimentation. Only the soil’s organic matter showed improvement over the first year. This study shows that crop rotation, mixed cropping and the improved za? technique in combination with compost and improved drought-resistant varieties constitute agroecological strategies favorable to the intensification and diversification of farming systems in the studied locations. The farmers were above all impressed by the on-site management of compost by means of the za? technique which enabled large-scale fertilization of fields.

关键词： Agroecological techniques sorghum yield compost mineral fertilizer crop rotation mixed cropping zai.

SWOT analysis on snail control measures applied in the national schistosomiasis control programme in the People’s Republic of China

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第1期8卷 56-68页

作者： Xiao Yang Yi Zhang Qi-Xiang Sun Jin-Xing Zhou Xiao-Nong Zhou School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityNo.35 Qinghua East RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation No.35 Qinghua East RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100083China Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering Ministry of EducationNo.35 Qinghua East RoadHaidian DistrictBeijing 100083China National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai 200025China Key Laboratory for Parasite and Veaor biology National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai 200025China WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases Shanghai 200025China Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai 200025China National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases Shanghai 200025China Institute of Forestry Chinese Academ y of ForestryBeijing 100091China

background:Snail control is an important component in the national schistosomiasis control programme in China,by application of chemical molluscicides,forestry projects,agriculture projects and water conservancy projects in recent ***,there are still wide areas of snail inhabited in China which remains a great challenge to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination by ***,a SWOT(strengths,weaknesses,opportunities and threats)analysis on snail control measures is required for precision schistosomiasis ***:The SWOT approach,which is a well-known structured analysis tool,was used to identify and evaluate the specific characteristics of four types of snail control measures in China,including chemical mollusciciding,forestry,agriculture,and water conservancy *** analysis were carried out based on the information collection from literature review,of research papers,books,annual report database of national schistosomiasis control programme in China,reports from the academic forums,and so ***:For chemical mollusciciding,application strategy needs to focus on specific local settings,such as stage of schistosomiasis control,environmental factors,and limitations from external policies and internal *** forestry projects,the optimal strategies are to cooperate with other national forestry programmes to share the investment costs and pay attention on wetland *** agriculture projects,it is necessary to develop related cash crop industries and combine with national farmland consolidation projects simultaneously to increase the total economic *** water conservancy projects,the main purpose is to control snail migration from snail area to snail-free areas ***:Integrated strategies for various measures application and a top-level designed cooperation mechanism will be the necessary to eliminate snail and schistosomiasis in China.

关键词： Snail control Strategy SWOT analysis Chemical mollusciciding Forestry project agriculture project Water conservancy project Schistosomiasis elimination

＂外源基因清除＂技术(gene-Deletor)原理、特点及其潜在应用前景

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分子植物育种 2008年第3期6卷 413-418页

作者：赵德刚吕立堂贺爱公罗克明 Hui Duan 郑雪莲邓伟陈永勤安新民贺明阳贵州大学生命科学学院贵州省农业生物工程重点实验室贵阳550025 西南大学生命科学学院重庆400716 Department of Cell and Structural biology University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801 USA 西南大学生物技术中心重庆400716 重庆大学生物工程学院重庆400044 湖北大学生命科学学院武汉430062 北京林业大学林木花卉遗传育种教育部重点实验室北京100083 西北农林科技大学农业部西北园艺植物种质资源与遗传改良重点开放实验室杨凌712100

"外源基因清除"技术(gene-Deletor)是美国康涅狄格大学华裔教授李义领导的研究小组发展起来的,有望成为解决转基因植物环境安全性和食品安全性问题的有力工具。象计算机"卸载"应用软件一样,"外源基因清除"技术利用器官特异或诱导型启动... 详细信息

"外源基因清除"技术(gene-Deletor)是美国康涅狄格大学华裔教授李义领导的研究小组发展起来的,有望成为解决转基因植物环境安全性和食品安全性问题的有力工具。象计算机"卸载"应用软件一样,"外源基因清除"技术利用器官特异或诱导型启动子、重组酶及融合识别位点构建基因表达元件,能将转基因植物中的全部外源基因在完成其功能作用后自动地从花粉、种子和果实中彻底清除。最近,美国著名"社会技术"公司公布了未来20年对社会最具影响力、最有前景的技术创新领域一系列12个简报,其中第10个专题推介了"外源基因清除"技术。本文综述了"外源基因清除"技术的原理和技术优点,介绍并讨论了李义对该技术在作物有性繁殖中的应用以及在解决食品安全性问题上的应用方略。

关键词：外源基因清除技术转基因植物食品安全性环境安全性植物